Introduction: Steroids have different effects on brain across the lifespan, pregnancy and aging. These will influence on the areas of the brain that play a role in reproduction, such as the hippocampus, the putamen, and the midbrain raphe. Steroid hormones cross the blood-brain barrier and easily reach the neuronal tissue. These hormones are involved in female menstrual cycle, pregnancy and embryogenesis. Steroids are produced in the ovaries, the adrenal glands, and during pregnancy in the placenta and stored in fat tissue. In recent years, extensive studies have been conducted on the role of steroids on the nervous system activities. After central nervous system) CNS( injury, steroids regenerate neuronal and axonal damage. Steroids influence neuronal activity and are important for normal brain functions. These hormones act via receptor-ligand binding and phosphorylation mechanisms in the brain. Conclusion: Steroid receptors are collected in neural cells of the hypothalamus and the hippocampus. This can explain the relation of steroids with sexual behavior in these brain regions. Despite intensive studies on reproductive behaviors set by estrogen and progesterone, a lot in relation to its effect has remained undiscovered. Use of steroids and modulation of their receptors in hormone therapy have been considered to maintain healthy nerve function during menopause.