Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a common cause of death which affects millions of people around the world. TBI is also associated with various neurological impairments. After the primary mechanical injury at the moment of a TBI event, several cellular and molecular processes are activated within the brain tissue as the secondary injury. An important mechanism involved in the secondary injury of TBI is Neuroinflammation. Therefore, neuroinflammation offers a promising avenue for therapeutic intervention with the aim of preventing progressive neurodegeneration and improving the neurological recovery after TBI. A number of studies have shown the efficacy of probiotics in modulating inflammatory responses; however, it is still unclear if probiotics have the ability to regulate neuroinflammation, and more research is needed to determine the effect of probiotics on neuroinflammation and neurological recovery. If proven beneficial, probiotics offer a non-invasive, safe and cheap therapy for regulating post-TBI neuroinflammation. Multiple studies have demonstrated the ability of probiotics in decreasing inflammatory cytokines while also increasing the anti-inflammatory cytokines. Therefore, we hypothesize that using probiotics after TBI may have the capacity to modulate neuroinflammatory response and as a result, improve the neurological recovery.