:: دوره 7، شماره 2 - ( بهار - 1398 ) ::
دوره 7 شماره 2 صفحات 82-66 برگشت به فهرست نسخه ها
نقش ماتریکس خارج سلولی در میلین‌سازی و الیگودندروژنز سیستم اعصاب مرکزی
ذبیح الله خاکسار ، حسن مروتی ، حمید رضا مرادی ، سجاد سحاب نگاه*
الف. گروه علوم اعصاب، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی مشهد، مشهد، ایران. ب. مرکز تحقیقات علوم اعصاب شفاء، بیمارستان خاتم‌الانبیاء، تهران، ایران ، sahabnegahs@mums.ac.ir
چکیده:   (5337 مشاهده)
مقدمه: میلین توسط سلول‌های الیگودندروسیت در سیستم اعصاب مرکزی تولید می‌شود. ماتریکس خارج سلولی نقش مهمی در تنظیم و هماهنگی بین الیگودندروسیت‌ها، آکسون و میلین ایفاء می‌کند. تکامل و بقاء سیستم اعصاب مرکزی وابسته به فعالیت دقیق اجزاء ماتریکس خارج سلولی شامل: پروتئین‌ها، گلیکوپروتئین‌ها، گلیکوزآمینوگلیکان‌ها و پروتئوگلیکان‌ها است. از لحاظ ساختاری، ماتریکس خارج سلولی نقاط لنگرگاهی برای سلول‌های عصبی فراهم می‌کند و سازماندهی این سلول‌ها را در نواحی مختلف سیستم اعصاب مرکزی تسهیل می‌کند. از لحاظ شیمیایی، ماتریکس خارج سلولی منبع سیگنال‌های مولکولی متنوعی است که سبب رشد، فعالیت و بقاء سلولی می‌شود. در این مطالعه، ما در مورد نقش اجزاء، عوامل و مسیرهای پیام‌دهی در ماتریکس خارج سلولی شامل: لامینین، کلاژن، فیبرونکتین، فاکتورهای نوروتروفیک، نوروگلین، تناسین، ترانسفرین، سمافورین و کندروئیتین سولفات بر روی تنظیم میلین‌سازی در سیستم اعصاب مرکزی بحث خواهیم کرد. هماهنگی دقیق تنظیم‌کننده‌های مثبت و منفی میلین‌ساز ماتریکس خارج سلولی در تولید و حفظ مقدار صحیح میلین به‌ منظور بهینه‌ سازی عملکرد سیستم اعصاب مرکزی مهم است. با شبیه‌سازی ماتریکس خارج سلولی مناسب برای محیط‌های کشت سه‌بعدی شرایط میلین‌سازی و یا بازسازی غلاف میلین می‌تواند در بهبود راهبردهای درمانی در بیماری‌های تحلیل‌برنده غلاف میلین نقش بسزایی ایفاء کند. نتیجه‌گیری: در این مقاله مروری، ما در مورد اینکه ماتریکس خارج سلولی چطور میلین‌سازی و الیگودندروژنز سیستم اعصاب مرکزی را تنظیم می‌کند بحث می‌کنیم. ما همچنین در مورد نقش ماتریکس خارج سلولی در بیماری‌های دمیلینه و محیط‌های کشت سه‌بعدی برای مدل‌های بیماری‌های تحلیل‌برنده عصبی بحث می‌کنیم.
واژه‌های کلیدی: ماتریکس خارج سلولی، سیستم اعصاب مرکزی، غلاف میلین
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نوع مطالعه: مروری | موضوع مقاله: تحقیقات پایه در علوم اعصاب
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دوره 7، شماره 2 - ( بهار - 1398 ) برگشت به فهرست نسخه ها