Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune disease of central nervous system with inflammatory basis. Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) is common animal model used in experiments the most for investigating the multiple sclerosis due to many similar aspects. Hemp seed oil possess potential anti-inflammatory properties. In our research we investigated and compared the effect of hemp seed oil containing natural cannabinoids and poly unsaturated fatty acids on expression of cannabinoid receptors (CB) 1 and 2. Female C57bl/6 mice in three groups (8 in each) randomly allocated as follows: non-EAE (A), EAE treated with hemp seed oil (B) and EAE control (C). After one week of acclimatization in circadian rhythmic standard experimental condition mice were immunized, save group A. The day before induction (day zero), ip administration of hemp seed oil initiated and continued for 28 days. Clinical score and weight was recorded by a blind expert through the study and analysed by SPSS and ML-win where P value <0.05 considered statistically significant. Findings demonstrated a significant difference in clinical scores in group B compared to C (p values < 0.001). Moreover, expression of both CB1 and CB2 promoted significantly in group B in comparison to C (all p values < 0.001). This increase in CB2 expression was statistically more significant than CB1 expression. Numerous immunoregulatory, anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant properties of hemp seed oil appraised for its poly unsaturated and/or essential fatty acids, anti-oxidants, vitamins and cannabinoids containment. Here in, hemp seed oil diminished clinical debilities probably through reduction in inflammation as confirmed by disease score descend. Furthermore, activation of CB1 and CB2 expression suggest pivotal role of these receptors in disease control.
 

Multiple sclerosis (MS), as an auto-immune disease, is confined to the central nervous system and is usually accompanied with debilitating condition in MS patient. The rate of disease in the females is more than males (2:1), and it is diagnosed between 20 to 40 years old. Phototherapy, as a traditional remedy, is used to treat different pathological conditions including MS. Hemp seed oil, as an herbal drug, is used in this study to alleviate the symptoms EAE as an animal model of MS through alteration of the gene expression of Cannabinoid receptor 1. In this study 24 female C57bl/6 mice randomly divided into three groups: healthy group (group 1), Control group (group 2) and experimental group or hemp seed oil group (group 3).  Immunization of all mice after one week acclimation in laboratory environment has been induced with Hooke kit except group 1. One day before of induction, feeding with hemp seed oil initiated and continues for 4 week in standard condition. Clinical score recorded daily through the study and in 28 days after immunization, all mice sacrificed after ketamine/xylazine anesthesia and spinal cord tissue removed for molecular and histopathological evaluation. Data analyzed with SPSS and ML win and P value <0.5 determined as significant. We observed significant differences in clinical scores between the control and experiment groups (p values < 0.001). Also, the expression of CB1 showed a statistically significant increase in the experiment group. In the present study, Hemp seed oil, due to its immunological effects, caused a decrease in the levels of inflammatory factors during the progress of multiple sclerosis in EAE animal model. Moreover, the clinical findings confirm the above result, showing a decrease in debilitating conditions of the disease. Therefore, administration of hemp seed oil alleviates the symptoms of the disease and it is useful for control of the inflammatory and auto-immune diseases. Nevertheless, it seems that additional research is needed to confirm the findings by clinical trials.