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One of the important parts of innate immunity is complement system that occurs in three different ways; the classic, the alternative and the lectin pathway. The four pattern recognition molecules that have been identified till now are Mannose binding lectin (MBL), a component of lectin pathway, and three ficolins (ficolin1,-2 and -3) which compound to the carbohydrates of the cell surface. MBL associated serine protease1 (MASP-1), MASP-2 and -3 are three proteases which associate with recognition molecules. Also MBL-associated protein 19 and MBL-associated protein 44 are two non-catalytic molecules that their role is association with recognition molecules. MASP-1 and MASP-2 activate the lectin pathway but function of MASP-3 is unclear. Although some researches show that MASP-3 down regulates activation of two other MASPs and has a similar role like MBL-association 19 and MBL-association 44 that they inhibit MBL pathway too. Researches show that MBL pathway has a critical role in pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases such as multiple sclerosis (MS). Researches indicate that levels of MBL pathway activator components (MASP-1 and MASP-2) are higher in serum plasma of MS patients. Inhibiting activators of MBL pathway seems to be useful for MS treatment and reducing its disabilities. Sunflower MASP inhibitor-1 (SFMI-1) and sunflower MASP inhibitor-2 (SFMI-2) are two peptides with 14 amino acids that inhibit MASP-1 and MASP-2 and block the lectin pathway activation. This article suggests using SFMI-1 and SFMI-2 in drugs to targeted therapy of MS and decreasing its symptoms.

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Introduction: Epidemiological studies have consistently identified diabetes as a major risk factor for cognitive dysfunction. With the increasing global prevalence of diabetes, its impact on cognitive health is expected to become a significant public health concern in the coming years. This review investigates the effects of type 1 diabetes on spatial and verbal memory function. Materials and Methods: This study follows a systematic review methodology, involving the collection, classification, and synthesis of research findings related to spatial and verbal memory deficits in patients with type 1 diabetes. Relevant articles were identified using Google Scholar, PubMed, ScienceDirect, NoorMags, and SID databases, covering the period 2010 to 2023. The search terms included "spatial memory," "verbal memory," and "type 1 diabetes." An initial search yielded 42 articles, of which 14 were excluded due to irrelevance, leaving 28 studies for analysis. Results: These studies indicate structural abnormalities in the frontal and temporal cortices, as well as subcortical gray matter, in subjects with type 1 diabetes. The brain and neural tissues are primarily dependent on glucose as an energy source, and hence, any change in carbohydrate metabolism can directly affect the brain's function, including memory. Conclusion: Deficits in spatial and verbal memory among patients with type 1 diabetes can be attributed to the direct effects of altered glucose metabolism on the brain, as well as diabetes-related cardiovascular complications. Since the presence and progression of memory impairment significantly worsen the quality of life of diabetic patients, multidisciplinary studies are necessary to investigate this issue and develop targeted interventions.