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Introduction: Tissue engineering is the science of tissue design for the healing and regeneration of tissue lesions. Peripheral nerves are typically in danger of physical injury. Peripheral nerve injuries can cause by construction and transport accidents, natural disasters, war-related injuries, and surgical complications. Spontaneous repair of the peripheral nerve is often incomplete, with poor functional recovery. Therefore, nerve tissue engineering researchers have invented scaffolds that can help neural tissue repair due to the type of conformation and their constituents. If the nerve gap in the peripheral nervous system is less than 1 cm in length, the two ends of the gap can be surgically connected, for larger gaps neural autograft is the gold standard. Applying autograft is restricted due to the deficiency of donor nerves and the requirement of multiple surgeries. The central nervous system is more challenging as the neural repair inhibitor environment is created after injury. Therefore, design of various scaffolds to facilitate nerve tissue repair and regeneration could be a promising method to overcome these problems. Conclusion: Nervous system tissue engineering using nerve scaffolds is one of the therapeutic approaches to replace damaged nerve tissue. To this end, this paper examines the properties of ideal scaffolds and the biomaterials used in scaffold construction, as well as the cells and growth factors appropriate for the treatment of nerve lesions.