en P 100: Stem Cells as Neuroinflammatory Modulator in TBI: A Narrative Review تحقیقات پایه در علوم اعصاب Basic research in Neuroscience مروری Review --- Open Access, CC-BY-NC <table border="0" cellpadding="5px" cellspacing="2" dir="rtl" id="table_article" style="font-family: Tahoma; background-color: rgb(251, 250, 249); break-inside: avoid !important;" width="100%"> <tbody style="break-inside: avoid !important; font-size: 12px; margin-top: 0px; line-height: 2.2; margin-bottom: 0px; text-align: justify;"> <tr style="break-inside: avoid !important;"> <td class="abstractmed" colspan="2" style="break-inside: avoid !important;"> <p style="font-size: 12px; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; text-align: center;"><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-size: 12px; line-height: 20.8px;">لطفاً به چکیده انگلیسی مراجعه شود.</span></p> </td> </tr> <tr style="break-inside: avoid !important;"> </tr> </tbody> </table> <p></p> <p>Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is physical damage to the brain structure which has a high global rate of mortality and morbidity. TBI can cause intense inflammatory response due to accumulation of leukocytes in cerebral matrix and activation of microglia. Microglia can differentiate into M1 macrophages or M2 macrophages following the changes in biochemical properties of brain tissue. M1 sub type release cytodestructive substances that are toxic to neurons but M2 cells are anti-inflammatory neuroprotective subtype. As the time passes after TBI, the amount of M1 cells begin to increase and fraction of M1:M2 rises. Results show that use of Stem Cells can modulate inflammatory responses of immune system. Transplantation of stem cells into injury site increases M2/M1 ratio as a result of inducing M1 macrophages apoptosis. Different types of stem cells have different mechanisms for anti-inflammatory responses. Even exosomes derived from stem cell can affect the functional recovery and reduce neuroinflammation after TBI. Human Mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) are most used in TBI cases due to their immunomodulatory impact and therapeutic effects on recovery of motor and cognitive function. Although many studies conducted to determine effects of hMSCs on TBI prognosis, further investigations are required to support clinical use of hMSCs. Specific attention should be paid to role of growth factors and motifs in suppressing inflammatory responses. Future studies are needed to determine the efficacy of combined therapy.&nbsp;</p> Neuroinflammation, TBI, Stem Cell, hMSC, Bioactive motif 131 131 http://shefayekhatam.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-24-950&slc_lang=en&sid=1 Mohsen Saberifar Mohsen Saberifar 100319475328460012104 100319475328460012104 No Student Research Committee, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran Student Research Committee, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran Mohammad Amin Bayat Tork Mohammad Amin Bayat Tork 100319475328460012105 100319475328460012105 No Student Research Committee, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran Student Research Committee, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran Sajjad Sahab Negah Sajjad Sahab Negah sahabsajad@yahoo.com 100319475328460012106 100319475328460012106 Yes Neuroscience Department, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran Neuroscience Department, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran