en P19: Long-Term Potentiation تحقیقات پایه در علوم اعصاب Basic research in Neuroscience مروری Review --- Open Access, CC-BY-NC <p style="text-align: center;">لطفاً به چکیده انگلیسی مراجعه شود.</p> <p style="text-align: justify;">The term synaptic plasticity points to a series of persistent changes related to the activity of synapses. Long-term potentiation (LTP) is a reflection of synaptic plasticity that has an important role in learning and memory. LTP is a long-lasting increase of synaptic activity due to enhancement of excitatory synaptic transmission after a high-frequency train of electrical stimulations. Different types of LTP have been observed in distinctive areas of the central nervous system of mammals, such as the amygdala, cortex, stratum, cerebellum, and nucleus accumbens. LTP can be divided into N-methyl-D-aspartic acid (NMDA) receptor dependent and NMDA receptor independent (by voltage-dependent calcium channels type L). The LTP process can be differentiated into Early (E-LTP) and Late (L-LTP) phases.The early phase of LTP induced by a single train of stimulation. This phase doesn&rsquo;t lead to new protein synthesis. The late phase of LTP produced by repeated trains; results in gene expression. Since, the nervous system is a complex network of neurons and glial cells that are communicated with each other, so the molecular communication between these cells requires further studies.<br> &nbsp;</p> Neuronal Plasticity, Nucleus Accumbens, Cerebellum 37 37 http://shefayekhatam.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-24-605&slc_lang=en&sid=1 Leila Alizadeh Leila Alizadeh 10031947532846007507 10031947532846007507 No Shefa Neuroscience Research Center, Khatam Alanbia Hospital, Tehran, Iran Shefa Neuroscience Research Center, Khatam Alanbia Hospital, Tehran, Iran Ali Jahanbazi Jahan-Abad Ali Jahanbazi Jahan-Abad a.jahanbazi65@yahoo.com 10031947532846007508 10031947532846007508 Yes Shefa Neuroscience Research Center, Khatam Alanbia Hospital, Tehran, Iran Shefa Neuroscience Research Center, Khatam Alanbia Hospital, Tehran, Iran Prastoo Barati Prastoo Barati 10031947532846007509 10031947532846007509 No a. Shefa Neuroscience Research Center, Khatam Alanbia Hospital, Tehran, Iran b. Department of Physiology, Islamic Azad University Of Qom, Qom, Iran a. Shefa Neuroscience Research Center, Khatam Alanbia Hospital, Tehran, Iran b. Department of Physiology, Islamic Azad University Of Qom, Qom, Iran