@article{ author = {SahabNegah, Sajad and JahanbaziJahan-Abad, Ali and ModarresMousavi, Mostaf}, title = {Axon Guidance Proteins: A Novel Target Point for Temporal Lobe Epilepsy}, abstract ={Introduction: Epilepsy is primarily a neuronal network disorder characterized by recurrent and unpredictable seizures. Epilepsy is not only characterized by marked changes in ion channels but also by the abnormal synaptic protein expression. It has been reported that the expression of axon guidance proteins was changed in experimental models of epilepsy. In this letter to the editor, we review and discuss the changes of axon guidance proteins in epilepsy. Conclusion: Collectively, further insight into dysregulation of axon guidance proteins may help to develop novel therapeutic strategies for epilepsy.}, Keywords = {Axon Guidance, Epilepsy, Hippocampus}, volume = {6}, Number = {4}, pages = {1-4}, publisher = {Shefa Neuroscience Research Center}, title_fa = {پروتئین‌های هدایت آکسونی: هدف درمانی جدید برای صرع لوب گیجگاهی}, abstract_fa ={مقدمه: صرع یک اختلال اولیه شبکه عصبی می‌باشد که با تشنج‌های برگشت‌پذیر و غیر قابل پیش‌بینی شناسایی می‌شود. صرع نه تنها با تغییرات مشخص در کانال‌های یونی بلکه با غیر طبیعی بودن در بیان پروتئین‌های سیناپس نیز شناسایی می‌شود. گزارش شده است که بیان پروتئین‌های هدایت آکسونی در مدل‌های تجربی صرع تغییر پیدا می‌کند. در این نامه به سردبیر، ما تغییرات پروتئین‌های هدایت آکسونی را مرور و بحث می‌کنیم. نتیجه‌گیری: به طور کلی دانش جدید در مورد اختلال در تنظیم پروتئین‌های هدایت آکسونی ممکن است به راهکارهای درمانی جدید برای صرع کمک کند.}, keywords_fa = {هدایت آکسونی, صرع, هیپوکامپ}, doi = {10.29252/shefa.6.4.1}, url = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1825-en.html}, eprint = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1825-en.pdf}, journal = {The Neuroscience Journal of Shefaye Khatam}, issn = {2322-1887}, eissn = {2345-4814}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {Edalatmanesh, Mohammad Amin and Samimi, Parvi}, title = {The Effect of Gallic Acid on Motor Learning and Cerebellar Level of Brain Derived Neurotrophic Factor in a Rat Model of Autism}, abstract ={Introduction: Exposure to Valproic acid (VPA) during pregnancy in rats leads to oxidative stress, brain deficits, and autistic-like behaviors in the offspring. On the other hand, Gallic acid (GA) can effectively be used in the treatment of free radicals-induced nervous system disorders. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of GA on motor learning and cerebellar level of brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in rats embryonically exposed to VPA. Materials and Methods: Pups of 30 pregnant rats were randomly divided into 5 groups: control, VPA (500 mg/kg Valproic acid) at embryonic day (ED) 12.5 groups as well as three groups of VPA+GA50, VPA+GA100, and VPA+ GA200 (receiving 50, 100 and 200 mg/kg GA, respectively). GA was orally administered from 12 to 19 ED. Then, to assess the motor disorders beam walking and rotarod tests were carried out at postnatal day 30. Finally, the cerebellar level of BDNF was measured using ELISA. Results: Impairments were observed in the motor function test of the VPA group compared to the control rats. In contrast, GA-treated groups have a significant improvement in speed on beam and balance in beam walking test as well as an increase time spent in rotarodas well. A significant increase of BDNF was seen in GA-treated rats compared to VPA group. Conclusion: GA can alleviate the adverse effects of VPA on motor learning and balance in a rat model of autism.}, Keywords = {Gallic Acid, Valproic Acid, Motor Disorders, Autistic Disorder, Rats}, volume = {6}, Number = {4}, pages = {5-13}, publisher = {Shefa Neuroscience Research Center}, title_fa = {اثر گالیک اسید بر یادگیری حرکتی و سطح فاکتور نوروتروفیک مشتق از مغز در مخچه موش‌های صحرایی مدل اوتیسم}, abstract_fa ={مقدمه: قرار گرفتن در معرض والپروئیک اسید طی بارداری در موش‌های صحرایی باعث استرس اکسیداتیو، آسیب‌های مغزی و رفتارهای شبه اوتیستیک در فرزندان می‌شود. به عبارتی دیگر گالیک اسید در درمان اختلالات سیستم عصبی ناشی از رادیکال‌های آزاد می‌تواند مؤثر واقع شود. هدف از پژوهش حاضر ارزیابی اثر گالیک اسید بر یادگیری حرکتی و سطح مخچه‌ای فاکتور نوروتروفیک مشتق از مغز در موش‌های صحرایی مواجه شده با والپروئیک اسید در دوران جنینی می‌باشد. مواد و روش‌ها: نوزادان حاصل از 30 سرموش صحرایی باردار به طور تصادفی در 5 گروه: کنترل، VPAر(500 میلی‌گرم بر کیلوگرم والپروئیک اسید) در روز 12/5 بارداری و همچنین 3 گروه VPA+GA100 ،VPA+GA50 و VPA+ GA200 (به ترتیب گالیک اسید 50، 100 و 200 میلی‌گرم بر کیلوگرم دریافت نمودند) تقسیم شدند. تجویز دهانی گالیک اسید از روز 12 تا 19 بارداری انجام شد. سپس به‌منظور بررسی اختلالات حرکتی آزمون‌های راه رفتن شعاعی و روتارود در 30 روزگی انجام شد. سرانجام سطح مخچه‌ای فاکتور نوروتروفیک مشتق از مغز به روش الایزا مورد سنجش قرار گرفت. یافته‌ها: اختلال در آزمون‌های حرکتی در گروه والپروئیک اسید در مقایسه با موش‌های صحرایی گروه کنترل مشاهده شد. در مقابل گروه‌های درمان شده با گالیک اسید بهبود معنی‌داری در سرعت پیمایش مسیر و تعادل طی آزمون راه رفتن شعاعی و همچنین افزایش مدت زمان باقی ماندن بر روی روتارود نشان دادند. افزایش معنی‌دار فاکتور نوروتروفیک مشتق از مغز در موش‌های صحرایی درمان شده با گالیک اسید در مقایسه با گروه والپروئیک اسید دیده شد. نتیجه‌گیری: گالیک اسید می‌تواند سبب کاهش عوارض والپروئیک اسید بر یادگیری حرکتی و تعادل در مدل موش‌های صحرایی اوتیسم شود.}, keywords_fa = {گالیک اسید, والپروئیک اسید, اختلالات حرکتی, اختلال اوتیسم, موش‌های صحرایی}, doi = {10.29252/shefa.6.4.5}, url = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1761-en.html}, eprint = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1761-en.pdf}, journal = {The Neuroscience Journal of Shefaye Khatam}, issn = {2322-1887}, eissn = {2345-4814}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {Afshari, Amir Reza and KarimiRoshan, Mostafa and Soukhtanloo, Mohammad and Askari, Vahid Reza and Mollazadeh, Hamid and JaliliNik, Mohammad and JahaniYazdi, Amir Ali and AriaKia, Fatemeh and Mousavi, Seyed Hadi}, title = {Investigation of Cytotoxic and Apoptogenic Effects of Terminalia Chebula Hydro-Alcoholic Extract on Glioblastoma Cell Line}, abstract ={Introduction: Glioblastoma multiforme is the most prevalent group of primary brain tumors. Terminalia chebula has traditionally been used for its anti-cancer, laxative, diuretic, and anti-oxidant properties. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of alcoholic extract of Terminalia Chebula (TCAE) on the glioblastoma multiforme (U87) cell line. Materials and Methods: Cellular cytotoxicity was measured by MTT assay and intracellular active oxygen species were measured using DCFDA (2 'and 7'-dichloro fluorescein diacetate) assay kit. In addition, apoptotic cells were detected with an Annexin V-FITC early apoptosis staining. Results: TCAE reduced the proliferation of U87 cells in a concentration- dependent manner. IC50 was 145.3 and 192.3 μg/mL after 24 and 48 hours, respectively. Activated reactive species decreased significantly at 2 and 6 hours after treatment compared to the control group. Furthermore, induction of apoptosis occurred in the first 24 hours. Conclusion: TCAE caused the destruction of cancer cells enhance the free radical species of oxygen and induce apoptosis on glioblastoma cell line. It seems that TCAE has the potential to use as an adjuvant drug for treatment of glioblastoma.}, Keywords = {Neoplasms, Brain Neoplasms, Glioblastoma, Apoptosis}, volume = {6}, Number = {4}, pages = {14-23}, publisher = {Shefa Neuroscience Research Center}, title_fa = {بررسی اثرات سایتوتوکسیک و آپوپتوژنیک عصاره هیدروالکلی هلیله کابلی بر روی رده سلولی گلیوبلاستوما}, abstract_fa ={مقدمه: گلیوبلاستوما مولتی‌فرم شایع‌ترین گروه از تومورهای مغزی اولیه است. هلیله کابلی به طور سنتی برای خواص ضد سرطانی، ملین، دیورتیک و آنتی اکسیدانی استفاده شده است. هدف از این مطالعه بررسی اثرات عصاره الکلی هلیله کابلی بر روی رده سلولی گلیوبلاستوما مولتی‌فرم بود. مواد و روش‌ها: سمّیت سلولی به روش زنده‌مانی سلولی و گونه‌های فعال اکسیژن درون سلولی با استفاده از رنگ 2' و 7'- دی کلرو فلورسئین دی استات اندازه‌گیری شد. به علاوه سلول‌های آپوپتوزی با رنگ‌آمیزی آپوپتوز اولیه Annexin V-FITC تشخیص داده شدند. یافته‌ها: عصاره الکلی هلیله کابلی زنده‌مانی سلول‌های گلیوبلاستوما مولتی‌فرم را به صورت وابسته به غلظت کاهش داد. کمترین غلظت مهاری به ترتیب 145/3 و 192/3 میکروگرم بر میلی‌لیتر برای 24 و 48 ساعت بود. گونه‌های فعال اکسیژنی در 2 و 6 ساعت پس از درمان در مقایسه با گروه کنترل کاهش معنی‌داری داشت. همچنین القای آپوپتوز در 24 ساعت اول رخ داد. نتیجه‌گیری: عصاره الکلی هلیله کابلی با افزایش گونه‌های رادیکال آزاد اکسیژن باعث از بین رفتن سلول‌های سرطانی و القای آپوپتوز در رده سلول گلیوبلاستوما می‌شود. به نظر می‌رسد که عصاره الکلی هلیله کابلی دارای پتانسیل استفاده به‌عنوان داروی کمکی برای درمان گلیوبلاستوما است.}, keywords_fa = {نئوپلاسم‌ها, نئوپلاسم‌های مغزی, گلیوبلاستوما, آپوپتوز}, doi = {10.29252/shefa.6.4.14}, url = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1824-en.html}, eprint = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1824-en.pdf}, journal = {The Neuroscience Journal of Shefaye Khatam}, issn = {2322-1887}, eissn = {2345-4814}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {MohammadiAbisofla, Somaye and BehnamRassouli, Morteza and MousavinezhadMoghaddam, Maryam and MahdaviShahri, Naser}, title = {Effects of Iron on the Neuronal Degeneration of the L4 Dorsal Root Ganglion in an Animal Model of Sciatic Nerve Transection}, abstract ={Introduction: Iron is an essential and potentially toxic metal in the mammalian body. In the present study,  the effects of Ferrous Sulphate as an exogenous iron on the neuronal degeneration induced by unilateral sciatic nerve transection (SNT) in L4 dorsal root ganglion (L4-DRG) have been investigated in rats. Materials and Methods: Twenty-four male Wistar rat were divided into 4 groups (n=6); control (intact), SNT+ Salin, SNT+ iron (5.6 mg/kg; i.p), and sham. Treatment was started 1 hour after injury and continued for 7 days following the injury. The L4-DRG were dissected out, fixed (formalin 10%) and then processed for paraffin embedding 3 weeks after injury. Serial sections of L4-DRGs were prepared, stained (H&E and Toluidine blue) and examined microscopically. The mean volume of L4-DRG was estimated using Cavalieri principle and neuron count was done by a stereological approach (Disector method). Results: The mean number of neurons in SNT and SNT+ iron groups were significantly decreased compared to the control group. In addition, the mean DRG volume in SNT+iron group was significantly lower than control group. Conclusion: Treatment with iron seems to exacerbate the neuronal death induced by SNT in rats.}, Keywords = {Iron, Sciatic Nerve, Rats}, volume = {6}, Number = {4}, pages = {24-33}, publisher = {Shefa Neuroscience Research Center}, title_fa = {اثرات آهن بر دژنراسیون نورونی گانگلیون ریشۀ خلفی L4 در مدل حیوانی قطع عصب سیاتیک}, abstract_fa ={مقدمه: آهن یک ماده ضروری و به طور بالقوه سمی در بدن پستانداران است. در مطالعه حاضر اثرات سولفات فرو به‌عنوان آهن اگزوژن بر دژنراسیون نورونی ناشی از قطع عصب سیاتیک در گانگلیون ریشه خلفی L4 نخاع در موش‌های صحرایی مورد بررسی قرار گرفته است. مواد و روش‌ها: 24 سر موش صحرایی نر نژاد ویستار به 4 گروه: (6=n) کنترل سالم (بدون مداخله)، قطع عصب سیاتیک + تجویز نرمال سالین، قطع عصب سیاتیک + آهن (تجویز درون صفاقی mg/kgر5/6) و شم تقسیم شدند. درمان یک ساعت پس از قطع عصب آغاز شد و برای 7 روز متوالی پس از آسیب ادامه یافت. پس از 3 هفته از آسیب گانگلیون ریشه خلفی L4 نخاع قطع گردید و پس از تثبیت در فرمالین 10 درصد، برای قالب‌گیری در پارافین آماده شدند. برش‌های سریالی از گانگلیون ریشه خلفی L4 نخاع تهیه گردید و با هماتوکسیلین –ائوزین و ‌تولوئیدین بلو رنگ‌آمیزی شدند و به صورت میکروسکوپی مورد بررسی قرار گرفتند. میانگین حجم گانگلیون ریشه خلفی L4 نخاع با استفاده از روش کاوالیه برآورد شد و تعداد نورون‌ها با روش استریولوژیک محاسبه گردید (روش دایسکتور). یافته‌ها: میانگین تعداد نورون‌ها در گروه‌های قطع عصب سیاتیک و قطع عصب سیاتیک + آهن به طور معنی‌داری در مقایسه با گروه کنترل کاهش یافت. علاوه بر این میانگین حجم گانگلیون ریشه خلفی L4 نخاع در گروه قطع عصب سیاتیک + آهن به طور معنی‌داری از گروه کنترل سالم کمتر بود. نتیجه‌گیری: به نظر می‌رسد درمان با آهن موجب تشدید مرگ نورونی ناشی از قطع عصب سیاتیک در موش‌های صحرایی می‌گردد.}, keywords_fa = {آهن, عصب سیاتیک, موش‌های صحرایی}, doi = {10.29252/shefa.6.4.24}, url = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1762-en.html}, eprint = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1762-en.pdf}, journal = {The Neuroscience Journal of Shefaye Khatam}, issn = {2322-1887}, eissn = {2345-4814}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {Moradi, Hadi and ShayanNooshabadi, Abolfazl}, title = {The Effects of Two Different Physical Activity Organizing Methods on the Executive Functions of the Children with Developmental Coordination Disorder}, abstract ={Introduction: Since the people with developmental coordination disorder are weak in executive functions, the present study was aimed to investigate the effect of two different physical activity organizing methods on the executive functions of children with developmental coordination disorder. Materials and Methods: Among the children with developmental coordination disorder that were eligible to enter the study, 45 subjects were randomly selected and after completing Conner’s Executive Functioning Scale as pretest, randomly divided into three groups; random practice group (15 subjects), blocked practice group (15 subjects), and control group (15 subjects). Then, the two interventional groups performed physical practices with different underlying interactions for 8 weeks, with three 45-minute sessions each week. At the end, all the subjects underwent a posttest by executive functioning scale. Results: After the interventions, the results showed a significant improvement in the executive functions of the two intervention groups. However, no significant improvement was observed in the executive functions of the control group. In addition, a significant difference between random and blocked practice groups was observed. However, the random practice group had a greater improvement in the sensory-motor functions. Conclusion: According to our data, random physical practices can be considered as an ideal method to improve executive functions of the children with developmental coordination disorder.  }, Keywords = {Executive Function, Exercise, Child}, volume = {6}, Number = {4}, pages = {34-44}, publisher = {Shefa Neuroscience Research Center}, title_fa = {تأثیر دو شیوۀ مختلف سازماندهی تمرین جسمانی بر کارکردهای اجرایی در کودکان مبتلا به اختلال هماهنگی رشدی}, abstract_fa ={مقدمه: از آنجایی که افراد مبتلا به اختلال هماهنگی رشدی در کارکردهای اجرایی دچار ضعف می‌باشند، هدف از مطالعۀ حاضر بررسی تأثیر دو شیوۀ مختلف سازماندهی تمرین جسمانی بر کارکردهای اجرایی کودکان مبتلا به اختلال هماهنگی رشدی است. مواد و روش‌ها: از بین کودکان مبتلا به اختلال هماهنگی رشدی که واجد شرایط ورود به مطالعه بودند، 45 نفر به صورت تصادفی انتخاب شدند و پس از تکمیل کردن مقیاس کارکردهای اجرایی آزمون کانرز به‌عنوان پیش‌آزمون، به صورت تصادفی به 3 گروه: گروه تمرینات تصادفی (15 نفر)، گروه تمرینات مسدود (15 نفر) و گروه شاهد (15 نفر) تقسیم شدند. سپس دو گروه مداخله‌ای، تمرینات جسمانی با تداخل زمینه‌ای متفاوت را برای 8 هفته و هر هفته 3 جلسۀ 45 دقیقه‌ایی انجام دادند. در انتها از همۀ افراد توسط مقیاس کارکردهای اجرایی، پس‌آزمون به عمل آمد. یافته‌ها: نتایج نشان داد پس از انجام مداخلات، کارکردهای اجرایی در دو گروه مداخله‌ای به صورت معنی‌داری بهبود یافت. با این حال هیچ‌گونه بهبود معنی‌داری در کارکردهای اجرایی گروه شاهد مشاهده نشد. علاوه بر این بین گروه‌های تمرینات تصادفی و مسدود تفاوت معنی‌داری مشاهده شد. با این حال گروه تمرین تصادفی بهبود بیشتری در کارکردهای حسی –حرکتی به همراه داشت. نتیجه‌گیری: بر اساس نتایج ما تمرینات جسمانی به صورت تصادفی می‌تواند یک روش ایده‌آل به‌منظور بهبود عملکرد اجرایی در کودکان مبتلا به اختلال هماهنگی رشدی در نظر گرفته شود.}, keywords_fa = {کارکردهای اجرایی, تمرین, کودک}, doi = {10.29252/shefa.6.4.34}, url = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1775-en.html}, eprint = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1775-en.pdf}, journal = {The Neuroscience Journal of Shefaye Khatam}, issn = {2322-1887}, eissn = {2345-4814}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {Yazdian, Mohammad Reza and Khalaj, Azam and Kalhor, Naser}, title = {The Effect of Caloric Restriction and Treadmill Exercise on Reserpine-Induced Catalepsy in a Rat Model of Parkinson\'s Disease}, abstract ={Introduction: Parkinson's disease (PD), a degenerative disorder commonly affects the extrapyramidal system, is the second most common neurodegenerative disorder after Alzheimer's disease. It has been shown that caloric restriction increases life expectancy, decreases the incidence of several age-related diseases, and preserves youth activities in a large scale of laboratory animals. Several studies have revealed that exercise may have neuroprotective effects and increase neurogenesis and angiogenesis. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of caloric restriction diet on reserpine-induced catalepsy in a rat model of PD. Materials and Methods: 54 Wistar male rats were divided into 9 groups (control, exercise, PD, caloric restriction, PD + exercise, caloric restriction + exercise, PD + caloric restriction, caloric restriction+ PD II, and PD + exercise +caloric restriction). PD was induced by administration of reserpine (1 mg/kg, i.p). The bar- test was used to measure cataleptic symptoms. All animals in the Exercise group were forced to run on a motorized treadmill (24 m/min for 20 min, 5 days/week) for 3weeks. Animals in the caloric restriction groups were under 30% caloric restriction diets. Results: Catalepsy was significantly lower in the caloric restriction + PD and PD + exercise groups than in the PD group. Furthermore, there was a significant decrease in catalepsy was observed in the PD + exercise +caloric restriction group compared to the PD. Conclusion: Caloric restriction of 30 percent and treadmill exercise can improve reserpine-induced catalepsy in an animal model of PD. In addition, application of caloric restriction before induction of PD may reduce the severity of complications in PD, including catalepsy.}, Keywords = {Caloric Restriction, Catalepsy, Exercise, Parkinson Disease, Rats}, volume = {6}, Number = {4}, pages = {45-52}, publisher = {Shefa Neuroscience Research Center}, title_fa = {اثر محدودیت کالری و ورزش تردمیل بر کاتالپسی ناشی از رزرپین در مدل موش صحرایی بیماری پارکینسون}, abstract_fa ={مقدمه: بیماری پارکینسون یک اختلال تحلیل برنده معمولاً بر دستگاه خارج هرمی اثر می‌گذارد که بعد از بیماری آلزایمر دومین و شایع‌ترین اختلال تحلیل برنده عصبی است. نشان داده شده است که محدودیت کالری موجب افزایش امید به زندگی، کاهش بروز چندین بیماری وابسته به سن و حفظ عملکردهای جوانی در طیف گسترده‌ای از حیوانات آزمایشگاهی می‌شود. چندین گزارش روشن کرده است که ورزش ممکن است اثرات محافظت نورونی، افزایش نورون‌زایی و رگ‌زایی داشته باشد. بنابراین هدف از این پژوهش بررسی اثر رژیم غذایی محدودیت کالری بر کاتالپسی ناشی از رزرپین در مدل موش صحرایی بیماری پارکینسون می‌باشد. مواد و روش‌ها: 54 سر موش صحرایی نر نژاد ویستار به 9 گروه (کنترل، ورزش، پارکینسون،محدودیت کالری،پارکینسون + ورزش، محدودیت کالری + ورزش، بیماری پارکینسون + محدودیت کالری، محدودیت کالری + بیماری پارکینسون دو و محدودیت کالری + بیماری پارکینسون + ورزش) تقسیم شدند. بیماری پارکینسون به وسیله تزریق رزرپین (1 میلی‌گرم بر کیلوگرم وزن بدن) ایجاد شد. برای سنجش علائم کاتالپسی از تست میله استفاده شد. همه حیوانات در گروه ورزش مجبور به دویدن روی تردمیل موتور دار (با سرعت 24 متر بر دقیقه به مدت 20 دقیقه، 5 روز در هفته) در طول 3 هفته شدند. حیوانات در گروه‌های محدودیت کالری تحت رژیم غذایی محدودیت کالری 30 درصدی قرار گرفتند. یافته‌ها: کاتالپسی به طور معنی‌داری در گروه‌های محدودیت کالری + بیماری پارکینسون و بیماری پارکینسون + ورزش نسبت به گروه پارکینسون کمتر بود. علاوه بر این کاهش معنی‌داری در گروه‌های بیماری پارکینسون + ورزش + محدودیت کالری در مقایسه با گروه پارکینسون  در کاتالپسی مشاهده شد. نتیجه‌گیری: محدودیت کالری 30 درصدی و ورزش تردمیل می‌تواند کاتالپسی ناشی از رزرپین را در مدل حیوانی بیماری پارکینسون بهبود بخشد. علاوه بر این اعمال محدودیت کالری قبل از القای بیماری پارکینسون ممکن است از شدت عوارض جانبی بیماری پارکینسون از جمله کاتالپسی بکاهد.}, keywords_fa = {محدودیت کالری,کاتالپسی, ورزش, بیماری پارکینسون, موش‌های صحرایی}, doi = {10.29252/shefa.6.4.45}, url = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1827-en.html}, eprint = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1827-en.pdf}, journal = {The Neuroscience Journal of Shefaye Khatam}, issn = {2322-1887}, eissn = {2345-4814}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {Tarahomi, Fatemeh and Khadem, Saman and Farajpour, Arezou and Beizaie, Hame}, title = {Validity and Reliability Examination of the Persian Version of the Iowa Satisfaction with Anesthesia Scale: The Result of Patient Satisfaction with Pain}, abstract ={Introduction: Patient satisfaction is one of the important indicators in the quality of health care. Iowa Satisfaction with Anesthesia Scale (ISAS) questionnaire is one of the robust questionnaires measuring patient satisfaction in anesthesia care. However, the Persian version of this questionnaire is not available. Therefore, this study examines the validity and reliability of the Persian version of the ISAS questionnaire. This questionnaire has 11 questions (3 questions about pain, 6 questions about patient experiences during the surgery, and 2 questions about satisfaction of patient). Patient pain is one of the most important factors that modulate the patient satisfaction in anesthetic care. Materials and Methods: In this clinical trial, 230 candidates for eye surgery with topical anesthesia entered the study. After obtaining informed consent, the Persian version of the ISAS questionnaire was completed during and one hour after the operation. Reliability, face, content, concurrent and criterion validity was evaluated. Results: The questionnaire was completed for 205 patients. The mean age was 68.26 ± 10.61, including 98 (47.8%) men and 107 (52.2%) women. The average ISAS scores of patients are 1.02± 0.65 and its range was -1.55-2.00. Cronbach's alpha coefficient was 0.71 and there was a positive and significant correlation between test-retest scores. Facial and content validity was approved. In addition, a significant correlation with the satisfaction of the surgeon and visual analog scale (VAS) scores was observed, which suggests concurrent and criterion validity. In this study the satisfaction of pain extensively was considered and compared with VAS. There was significant correlation between the ISAS questionnaire and VAS (r= -0.524, p=0.0001). Conclusion: The findings of this study confirm the validity and reliability of the Persian version of the ISAS in outpatient satisfaction of anesthesia cares. Furthermore, our data suggest that this questionnaire is completely useful for considering the patient satisfaction of anesthesia and pain.}, Keywords = {Anesthesia, Patient Satisfaction, Pain}, volume = {6}, Number = {4}, pages = {53-60}, publisher = {Shefa Neuroscience Research Center}, title_fa = {بررسی روایی و پایایی نسخه فارسی سنجش رضایتمندی بیماران از مراقبت های بیهوشی Iowa: نتیجه رضایتمندی بیماران با درد}, abstract_fa ={مقدمه: رضایتمندی بیمار یکی از شاخص‌های مهم کیفیت مراقبت‌های بهداشتی است. پرسشنامۀ Iowa سنجش رضایتمندی بیماران از مراقبت های بیهوشی یکی از قوی‌ترین پرسشنامه‌های اندازه‌گیری رضایت بیمار در مراقبت‌های بیهوشی است. با این حال نسخه فارسی این پرسشنامه در دسترس نیست. از این رو این مطالعه به بررسی روایی و پایایی نسخه فارسی پرسشنامه ISAS می‌پردازد. این پرسشنامه شامل 11 سؤال (3 سؤال در ارتباط با درد بیمار، 6 سؤال در ارتباط با تجربه‌های بیمار حین عمل و 2 سؤال در ارتباط با رضایتمندی بیمار) است. درد بیمار یکی از مهم‌ترین عواملی است که رضایتمندی بیمار از مراقبت بیهوشی را تعدیل می‌کند. مواد و روش‌ها: در این مطالعه بالینی، 230 بیمار کاندید جراحی چشم با بی‌حسی توپیکال وارد مطالعه شدند. پس از کسب رضایت آگاهانه، نسخه فارسی پرسشنامه ISAS در حین و یک ساعت پس از عمل برای آن‌ها تکمیل شد. پایایی، روایی صوری، محتوا، همزمان و اعتبار معیار مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. یافته‌ها: پرسشنامه برای 205 بیمار تکمیل شد. میانگین سنی 26/61±68/10، شامل 98 (47/8 درصد) مرد و 107 (52/2 درصد) زن بود. میانگین نمرات ISAS بیماران 0/65±1/02 با دامنه 1/55- تا 2/00 بود. ضریب الفای کرونباخ 0/71 بود و همبستگی مثبت و معنی‌دار بین نمرات آزمون ری تست وجود داشت. روایی صوری و محتوایی مورد تأیید قرار گرفت. همچنین همبستگی معنی‌دار با رضایتمندی جراح و نمرات آنالوگ بصری مشاهده شد که مبین روایی همزمان و معیار است. در این مطالعه رضایتمندی درد به طور گسترده در نظر گرفته شد و با VAS مقایسه شد. همبستگی معنی‌داری بین پرسشنامه ISAS و VAS (رr=-0/524،رP=0/0001) وجود داشت. نتیجه‌گیری: یافته‌های این مطالعه روایی و پایایی نسخه فارسی پرسشنامۀ سنجش رضایت از مراقبت‌های بیهوشی ISAS را تایید می‌نماید. علاوه بر این داده‌های ما نشان می‌دهد که این پرسشنامه به طور کامل برای رضایت بیمار از بی‌حسی و درد مفید است.}, keywords_fa = {بیهوشی, رضایتمندی بیمار, درد}, doi = {10.29252/shefa.6.4.53}, url = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1830-en.html}, eprint = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1830-en.pdf}, journal = {The Neuroscience Journal of Shefaye Khatam}, issn = {2322-1887}, eissn = {2345-4814}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {Hajali, Vahid and Moradi, Hamid Reza and SahabNegah, Saj}, title = {Neurotransmitters Play as a Key Role in Adult Neurogenesis}, abstract ={Introduction: New neurons are constantly created in specific areas of the adult brain and functionally integrated into neuronal networks. Neural stem cells exist in specific microenvironments in the brain called the stem cell niches. It has been shown that neurotransmitters provide vital components of the niche signals and modulate several aspects of neurogenesis. It has been demonstrated that changes in neurotransmitter signaling may influence adult neurogenesis. Further works are required to clarify how neurotransmitter signaling pathways control neurogenesis. Conclusion: In this review, we discuss how neurotransmitter signaling regulates the development of new functional neurons. We also review the potential roles of neurotransmitters for cell therapy.}, Keywords = {Neurogenesis, Neurotransmitter Agents, Cell- and Tissue-Based Therapy}, volume = {6}, Number = {4}, pages = {61-74}, publisher = {Shefa Neuroscience Research Center}, title_fa = {نوروترانسمیترها نقشی کلیدی در نورون‌زایی بالغین ایفاء می‌کنند}, abstract_fa ={مقدمه: نورون‌های جدید به صورت دائم در مناطق خاصی از مغز بزرگسالان تولید می‌شوند و به صورت عملکردی به شبکه‌های نورونی متصل می‌شوند. سلول‌های بنیادی عصبی در محیط‌های اختصاصی در مغز کنام سلول‌های بنیادی نامیده می‌شوند. نشان داده شده است که نوروترانسمیترها اجزای حیاتی سیگنال‌های کنام را فراهم می‌کنند و از چند جنبه مختلف نورون‌زایی را تحریک می‌کنند. ثابت شده است که تغییر در سیگنال‌های نوروترانسمیتر ممکن است بر روی نورون‌زایی بزرگسالان تأثیر بگذارد. برای مشخص کردن اینکه چگونه مسیرهای پیام‌دهی نوروترانسمیترها، نورون‌زایی را کنترل می‌کنند، کارهای بیشتری لازم است. نتیجه‌گیری: در این مقاله مروری ما در مورد اینکه چگونه پیام‌دهی نوروترانسمیتر تکامل نورون‌های جدید کاربردی را تنظیم می‌کند، بحث می‌کنیم. ما همچنین نقش بالقوه نوروترانسمیترها برای سلول درمانی را بررسی می‌کنیم.}, keywords_fa = {نورون‌زایی, عوامل نوروترانسمیتر, درمان بر پایه سلول و بافت}, doi = {10.29252/shefa.6.4.61}, url = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1753-en.html}, eprint = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1753-en.pdf}, journal = {The Neuroscience Journal of Shefaye Khatam}, issn = {2322-1887}, eissn = {2345-4814}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {Lotfi, Ramin and Yari, Kheirollah}, title = {The Role of Semaphorins and their Receptors in the Immune System and their Relation to Multiple Sclerosis}, abstract ={Introduction: Semaphorins are large family of secretory and membrane-bound proteins that first were recognized in the nervous system as axon guidance molecules. Semaphorins family has more than 30 members and has been classified into eight subclasses. Different classes of these molecules involved in various phases of immune responses are considered as immune semaphorins. Main receptors for semaphorins are plexins and neuropilins. Moreover, other types of molecules can act as receptor for semaphorins, such as TIM-2 (T cell, immunoglobulin, and mucin domain protein 2), CD72 that bind to Sema 4A (Semaphorin 4A), and Sema 4D. Both forms of semaphorins, namely secretory and membrane-bound semaphorins, play important roles in the immune system. Multiple sclerosis (MS), a chronic inflammatory autoimmune disease, is characterized by infiltration of lymphocytes into the central nervous system and demyelination. Recent investigations have shown that increased serum level or increased expression of some immune semaphorins is associated with severity of MS disease. Moreover, immune semaphorins-deficient mice are resistant to experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis, which is attributed to impaired production of myelin basic protein-specific T cells. Conclusion: Identification of specific expression patterns of semaphorins and their receptors in the nervous system and a comprehensive understanding of their function in autoimmune brain disorders could provide a novel biomarker and therapeutic target for these disorders. The present study reviews the role of semaphorins and their receptors in the development and differentiation of immune cells and their relation to MS.}, Keywords = {Semaphorins, Immune System, Inflammation, Autoimmune Diseases, Multiple Sclerosis}, volume = {6}, Number = {4}, pages = {75-92}, publisher = {Shefa Neuroscience Research Center}, title_fa = {نقش سمافورین‌ها و گیرنده‌هایشان در سیستم ایمنی و ارتباط آن‌ها با بیماری مالتیپل اسکلروز}, abstract_fa ={مقدمه: سمافورین‌ها خانواده‌ای بزرگ از پروتئین‌های ترشحی و متصل به غشاء هستند که ابتدا در سیستم عصبی به‌عنوان مولکول‌های هدایت‌ کننده آکسون شناخته شدند. خانواده سمافورین‌ها بیش از 30 عضو دارد و به 8 زیر کلاس تقسیم‌بندی شده‌اند. کلاس‌های متفاوت این مولکول‌ها که در فازهای گوناگون پاسخ‌های ایمنی نقش ایفاء می‌کنند، به‌عنوان سمافورین‌های ایمنی در نظر گرفته می‌شوند. گیرنده‌های اصلی سمافورین‌ها، پلکسین‌ها و نوروپیلین‌ها هستند. به‌علاوه انواع دیگری از مولکول‌ها می‌توانند به‌عنوان گیرنده برای سمافورین‌ها عمل کنند از قبیل TIM-2رT(T cell, immunoglobulin, and mucin)n،رdomain protein 2 و CD72 که به سمافورین 4A و سمافورین 4D متصل می‌شوند. هر دو فرم سمافورین‌ها یعنی سمافورین‌های ترشحی و متصل به غشاء نقش‌های مهمی در سیستم ایمنی ایفاء می‌کنند. مالتیپل اسکلروز یک بیماری خودایمن التهابی مزمن است که با نفوذ لنفوسیت‌ها به سیستم عصبی مرکزی و دِمیلینه شدن آن مشخص می‌شود. تحقیقات اخیر نشان داده‌اند که افزایش سطح سرمی یا افزایش بیان تعدادی از سمافورین‌های ایمنی با شدت بیماری مالتیپل اسکلروز مرتبط است. به‌علاوه موش‌های با کمبود سمافورین‌های ایمنی نسبت به اِنسفالومیلیت خودایمن تجربی مقاوم هستند که به تولید مختل‌شده سلول‌های T اختصاصی پروتئین‌های پایه میلین نسبت داده می‌شود. نتیجه‌گیری: شناسایی الگوهای خاص بیان سمافورین‌ها و گیرنده‌های آن‌ها در سیستم ایمنی و درک جامع از عملکرد آن‌ها در اختلالات خودایمنی مغز می‌تواند نشانگرهای زیستی جدید و اهداف درمانی جدید برای این اختلالات پیشنهاد کند. مطالعه حاضر نقش سمافورین‌ها و گیرنده‌های آن‌ها در تکامل و تمایز سلول‌های ایمنی و ارتباط آن‌ها با بیماری مالتیپل اسکلروز را مرور می‌کند.}, keywords_fa = {سمافورین‌ها, سیستم ایمنی, التهاب, بیماری خودایمن, مالتیپل اسکلروز}, doi = {10.29252/shefa.6.4.75}, url = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1759-en.html}, eprint = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1759-en.pdf}, journal = {The Neuroscience Journal of Shefaye Khatam}, issn = {2322-1887}, eissn = {2345-4814}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {AkbariBayatiani, Zahr}, title = {Autism Spectrum Disorder from Diagnosis to Treatment}, abstract ={Introduction: Autism spectrum disorder is one of the serious developmental disorders that usually diagnosed before the age of three years. Although the symptoms and severity vary in different individuals, all types of autism affect the ability to communicate with others. Poor maturation-related changes of the brain are effective in the development of autism. The number of children with autism is on the rise. Although there is no definite treatment for autism, acute and timely treatment of autism creates great changes in the lives of children with this disease. Autism causes impairment of social behaviors and communication skills. Children and adults with autism have difficulties in verbal and non-verbal communication, as well as in fun activities. Conclusion: In this review, we describe the importance of the issue of autism, definition, symptoms and diagnosis as well as its evolution and provide a comprehensive plan of therapeutic intervention strategies.}, Keywords = {Autism Spectrum Disorder, Communication, Therapeutics}, volume = {6}, Number = {4}, pages = {93-101}, publisher = {Shefa Neuroscience Research Center}, title_fa = {اختلال طیف اتیسم از تشخیص تا درمان}, abstract_fa ={مقدمه: اختلال طیف اتیسم یکی از اختلالات جدی در زمینه رشد است که معمولاً قبل از سه سالگی تشخیص داده شده است. هرچند علایم و شدت آن در افراد مختلف، متفاوت است، همه انواع اتیسم بر توانایی برقراری ارتباط با دیگران تأثیر می‌گذارد. تغییرات مرتبط با بلوغ ناچیز مغز در رشد اتیسم مؤثر هستند. تعداد کودکان مبتلا به اتیسم در حال رشد است. هرچند درمان قطعی برای اتیسم وجود ندارد، اما درمان جدی و به‌موقع اتیسم تغییرات بزرگی در زندگی کودکان مبتلا به این بیماری ایجاد می‌کند. اتیسم موجب اختلال در رفتارهای اجتماعی و مهارت‌های ارتباطی می‌شود. کودکان و بزرگسالان مبتلا به اتیسم در ارتباطات کلامی و غیرکلامی و همچنین در فعالیت‌های سرگرم کننده دارای مشکل هستند. نتیجه‌گیری: در این مقاله مروری به اهمیت مسئله اتیسم، تعریف، علایم و تشخیص و نیز سیر تحولی آن می‌پردازیم و برنامه جامع راهبردهای مداخله درمانی ارائه می‌شود.}, keywords_fa = {اختلال طیف اتیسم, ارتباطات, درمان}, doi = {10.29252/shefa.6.4.93}, url = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1758-en.html}, eprint = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1758-en.pdf}, journal = {The Neuroscience Journal of Shefaye Khatam}, issn = {2322-1887}, eissn = {2345-4814}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {Sadoughi, Damoon and Khayatzadeh, Ji}, title = {Effect of Curcumin on Hippocampal Levels of Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor and Serum Levels of Inflammatory Cytokines in Rat Model for Alzheimer\'s Disease}, abstract ={Introduction: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease of the central nervous system. Neuronal injury and oxidative stress in AD increases the level of inflammatory cytokines. Curcumin has antioxidant and neuroprotective properties. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of curcumin on hippocampal levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and serum levels of inflammatory cytokines in an experimental model of AD. Materials and Methods: 28 male rats divided into 4  groups: Control group (30 days, intraperitoneal injection of DMSO), AD control group (30 days, intraperitoneal injection of DMSO, after induction of AD) and two AD treatment groups with application of 50 and 100 mg/kg of curcumin (30 days, intraperitoneal injection of curcumin, after induction of AD). AD was induced by intraperitoneal injection of 8 mg/kg trimethyltin chloride. At the end of the treatment period, the hippocampal levels of BDNF and serum levels of different cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6) were measured by ELISA method. Results: Compared to AD control group, administration of curcumin with dose of 100 mg/kg significantly increased the hippocampal levels of BDNF (P=0.002) and decreased the serum levels of TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6 (P=0.001). Conclusion: Administration of curcumin may decrease the serum levels of inflammatory cytokines in AD, possibly via enhancement of the hippocampal levels of BDNF.  This study suggests the protective effect of curcumin against neuronal damages and oxidative stress in AD.}, Keywords = {Curcumin, Rats, Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor}, volume = {6}, Number = {1}, pages = {1-9}, publisher = {Shefa Neuroscience Research Center}, title_fa = {اثر کورکومین بر سطح هیپوکامپی فاکتور نوروتروفیک مشتق از مغز و سطح سرمی سایتوکین‌های التهابی در مدل موش صحرایی در بیماری آلزایمر}, abstract_fa ={مقدمه: بیماری آلزایمر یک بیماری تحلیل برنده پیش‌رونده سیستم اعصاب مرکزی است. آسیب نورونی و استرس اکسیداتیو در بیماری آلزایمر سطح سایتوکین‌های التهابی را افزایش می‌دهد. کورکومین خواص آنتی‌اکسیدانی و حفاظت عصبی دارد. هدف از این مطالعه تعیین اثر کورکومین بر سطح هیپوکامپی فاکتور نوروتروفیک مشتق از مغز و سطح سرمی سایتوکین‌های التهابی در مدل آزمایشگاهی بیماری آلزایمر بود. مواد و روش‌ها: 28 موش صحرایی نر به 4 گروه: شاهد (30 روز، تزریق داخل صفاقی DMSO)، گروه شاهد آلزایمری (30 روز، تزریق داخل صفاقی DMSO، پس از القاء آلزایمر) و دو گروه آلزایمری تحت تیمار با دوز 50 و 100 میلی‌گرم بر کیلوگرم کورکومین (30 روز، تزریق داخل صفاقی کورکومین، پس از القاء آلزایمر) تقسیم شدند. بیماری آلزایمر توسط تزریق داخل صفاقی 8 میلی‌گرم بر کیلوگرم تری‌متیل‌تین کلراید القاء شد. در پایان دوره درمان، سطح هیپوکامپی فاکتور نوروتروفیک مشتق از مغز و سطح سرمی سایتوکین‌های مختلف (IL-6 ,IL-1β ,TNF-α) توسط روش الایزا سنجش شد. یافته‌ها: در مقایسه با گروه شاهد آلزایمری، تجویز کورکومین با دوز 100 میلی‌گرم بر کیلوگرم افزایش معنی‌داری در سطح هیپوکامپی فاکتور نوروتروفیک مشتق از مغز (0/002=P) و کاهش سطح سرمی TNF-αو، IL-1β و IL-6و(P=0/001) داشت. نتیجه‌گیری: تجویز کورکومین ممکن است با کاهش سطح سرمی سایتوکین‌های التهابی در بیماری آلزایمر، موجب افزایش سطح هیپوکامپی فاکتور نوروتروفیک مشتق از مغز شود. این مطالعه اثر محافظتی کورکومین علیه آسیب‌های نورونی و استرس اکسیداتیو در بیماری آلزایمر را پیشنهاد می‌دهد.}, keywords_fa = {کورکومین, موش صحرایی, فاکتور نوروتروفیک مشتق از مغز}, doi = {10.29252/shefa.6.1.1}, url = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1438-en.html}, eprint = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1438-en.pdf}, journal = {The Neuroscience Journal of Shefaye Khatam}, issn = {2322-1887}, eissn = {2345-4814}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {SadatGhafourian, Mandana and BashizadeFakhar, Minoochehr and Noori, Ami}, title = {Stress Detection and Control According to the Skin Signal of Electrical Resistance and Heart Rate Using Reinforcement Learning}, abstract ={Introduction: The anxiety disorders are the most common mental health condition. Through modulation of stress responses, the anxiety can be controlled. Stress clearly affects the autonomic nervous system and leads to excessive sweating and tachycardia. New methods to identify and manage stress are still needed. Materials and Methods: In this paper, anxiety is controlled by reinforcement learning (RL). For stress level measurement, galvanic skin resistance (GSR) and heart rate were measured. Skin electrical resistance and heart rates are measured in 15 subjects (8 females and 7 males), ages between 22 to 30 years, during exposure to melodies and pictures. By connecting bioelectric sensors to the hand, GSR signal can be tested. Anxiety level was measured by biological signals (biofeedback) through playing melodies and showing pictures. First, GSR and heart rate signals were measured (states of RL). Then, the application plays a melody (agent) and shows a picture (actions). After a period of time, GSR and heart rate were measured again. Based on the differences between initial and secondary values, the reward, indicating stress variations were calculated. Based on the received reward, the agent learns to control the stress level. Results: The intelligent agent of RL, learns which picture to show and what melody to play in order to manage the stress. For each person, different melodies and pictures reduce the stress. This learning procedure should be repeated for each subject. Conclusion: A novel method is proposed and investigated based on RL for anxiety control. The accuracy of diagnosis is improved in a simple, rapid, and low-cost way.}, Keywords = {Anxiety, Skin, Heart Rate}, volume = {6}, Number = {1}, pages = {10-18}, publisher = {Shefa Neuroscience Research Center}, title_fa = {تشخیص و کنترل استرس برمبنای سیگنال‌های مقاومت الکتریکی پوست و ضربان قلب با استفاده از یادگیری تقویتی}, abstract_fa ={مقدمه: اختلالات اضطرابی شایع‌ترین وضعیت سلامت روانی است. از طریق تنظیم پاسخ به استرس می‌توان اضطراب را کنترل کرد. استرس به طور واضح بر سیستم اعصاب خودمختار اثر می‌گذارد و منجر به تعریق شدید و افزایش ضربان قلب می‌شود. روش‌های نوینی جهت شناسایی و کنترل استرس هنوز مورد نیاز است. مواد و روش‌ها: در این مقاله اضطراب از طریق یادگیری تقویتی کنترل شده است. برای اندازه‌گیری سطح استرس، مقاومت الکتریکی پوست و ضربان قلب اندازه‌گیری شد. مقاومت الکتریکی پوست و ضربان قلب در 15 نفر (8 زن و 7 مرد)، رنج سنی بین 22 تا 30 سال، در طی پخش آهنگ و عکس اندازه‌گیری شد. با وصل‌کردن سنسورهای الکتریکی به دست، سیگنال‌های مقاومت الکتریکی پوست را می‌توان آزمایش کرد. سطح اضطراب از طریق سیگنال‌های زیستی (بیوفیدبک) از طریق پخش آهنگ و نشان دادن تصاویر اندازه‌گیری شد. اول، مقاومت الکتریکی پوست و سیگنال‌های ضربان قلب اندازه‌گیری شد (حالت‌های یادگیری تقویتی). سپس پخش آهنگ (عامل) و نمایش عکس (اقدامات) استفاده شد. پس از یک دوره زمانی، مقاومت الکتریکی پوست و ضربان قلب دوباره اندازه‌گیری شد. بر اساس تفاوت‌های میان مقادیر اولیه و ثانویه پاداش، تغییرات استرس محاسبه شد. بر اساس دریافت پاداش، عامل یاد گرفت سطح استرس را کنترل کند. یافته‌ها: عامل باهوش یادگیری تقویتی یاد گرفت چه عکسی برای نمایش و چه آهنگی برای پخش کردن به‌منظور مدیریت استرس مناسب است. برای هر شخصی آهنگ‌ها و عکس‌های متفاوت استرس را کاهش می‌دهد. این روش یادگیری باید برای هر موضوع دیگری تکرار شود. نتیجه‌گیری: یک روش جدید بر اساس یادگیری تقویتی برای کنترل اضطراب مطرح شد و مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. دقت تشخیص در یک روش ساده، سریع و کم هزینه بهبود یافت.}, keywords_fa = {اضطراب, پوست, ضربان قلب}, doi = {10.29252/shefa.6.1.10}, url = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1435-en.html}, eprint = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1435-en.pdf}, journal = {The Neuroscience Journal of Shefaye Khatam}, issn = {2322-1887}, eissn = {2345-4814}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {EisanezhadBoshehri, Soolmaz and DashtBozorgi, Zahr}, title = {Effectiveness of Behavioral Activation Treatment in Reduction of Anxiety and Depression of Premenopausal Women}, abstract ={Introduction: Anxiety and depression are the main psychological problems during premenopause. The present study was aimed to investigate the effectiveness of behavioral activation treatment in reduction of anxiety and depression during premenopausal state. Materials and Methods: This research was a queasy-experimental with a pre-test and post-test design in experimental and control groups. The statistical population were selected among women in Ahvaz city during premenopausal period. From them, 30 women were selected by voluntary sampling method and randomly assigned to two equal groups. The experimental group was received 8 sessions of 90 minutes training with behavioral activation treatment. The groups completed the questionnaire of anxiety (Beck & et al, 1988) and depression (Beck & Clarck, 1988). Results: The results showed that behavioral activation treatment significantly reduced anxiety and depression during premenopausal state. Conclusion: These study indicates that behavioral activation treatment as an effective method for alleviation of anxiety and depression in premenopausal women.}, Keywords = {Anxiety, Depression, Women}, volume = {6}, Number = {1}, pages = {19-26}, publisher = {Shefa Neuroscience Research Center}, title_fa = {اثربخشی درمان فعال‌سازی رفتاری در کاهش اضطراب و افسردگی زنان در دوران پیش‌یائسگی}, abstract_fa ={مقدمه: اضطراب و افسردگی مشکلات روانی اصلی در دوران پیش‌یائسگی هستند. هدف پژوهش حاضر بررسی اثربخشی درمان فعالسازی رفتاری در کاهش اضطراب و افسردگی در دوران پیش‌یائسگی بود. مواد و روش‌ها: این پژوهش نیمه آزمایشی با طرح پیش‌آزمون و پس‌آزمون با گروه‌های آزمایش و کنترل بود. جامعه آماری از میان زنان شهر اهواز در دوران پیش‌یائسگی انتخاب شدند. از میان آنان 30 زن با روش نمونه‌گیری داوطلبانه انتخاب و به طور تصادفی در دو گروه مساوی قرار گرفتند. گروه آزمایش 8 جلسه آموزشی 90 دقیقه‌ای با روش درمان فعالسازی رفتاری دریافت کرد. گروه‌ها پرسشنامه‌های اضطراب (بک و همکاران، 1988) و افسردگی (بک و کلارک، 1988) را تکمیل کردند. یافته‌ها: نتایج نشان داد که درمان فعالسازی رفتاری به طور معنی‌داری اضطراب و افسردگی را در دوران پیش‌یائسگی کاهش داد. نتیجه‌گیری: این مطالعه نشان داد که درمان فعالسازی رفتاری به‌عنوان یک روش مؤثر برای تسکین اضطراب و افسردگی در زنان در دوران پیش‌یائسگی است.}, keywords_fa = {اضطراب, افسردگی, زنان}, doi = {10.29252/shefa.6.1.19}, url = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1439-en.html}, eprint = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1439-en.pdf}, journal = {The Neuroscience Journal of Shefaye Khatam}, issn = {2322-1887}, eissn = {2345-4814}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {KhodabakhshiKoolaee, Anahita and Salami, Firoozeh and Mohamadi, Farim}, title = {A Comparison of Visual Memory and Space Intelligence of Two Female Athletes Practicing Karate Committee and Kata in a Case-Control Study in Tehran}, abstract ={Introduction: Visual memory and space intelligence are the most important talents for karate athletes. Therefore, the present study investigated the visual memory and space intelligence of female Karate students who practiced Kata and Kumite. Materials and Methods: The method of this research was Ex post facto design. One hundred seventy selected female athletes who were practicing in Karate under the supervision of Iran Karate Federation were selected. Ninety of athletes practiced in Kata, and eighty of them practiced Kumite. The sample was selected by targeting method. The instruments of this study were two questionnaires included; John Luis Selier visual memory test, and Minnesota space visualization test. Results: The results showed that female athletes who practiced Kata had significantly higher visual memory than Kumite group. However, there was no differences between space intelligence in these two groups. Conclusion: Our data revealed that the visual memory and space intelligence are very vital and play a key role in karate. To achieve a better result in karate competitions, practice and reinforcement of these skills seems to be crucial.}, Keywords = {Memory, Intelligence, Athletes}, volume = {6}, Number = {1}, pages = {27-33}, publisher = {Shefa Neuroscience Research Center}, title_fa = {مقایسه حافظه بینایی و هوش فضایی در بانوان ورزشکار کاراته‌کار کومیته و کاتا در یک مطالعه مورد –شاهدی در تهران}, abstract_fa ={مقدمه: حافظه بینایی و هوش فضایی مهم‌ترین استعدادهای ورزشکاران کاراته است. از این رو پژوهش حاضر حافظه بینایی و هوش فضایی دختران کاراته‌کار که با کاتا و کومیته تمرین می‌کردند را مورد بررسی قرار داد. مواد و روش‌ها: روش این پژوهش علّی –پس رویدادی بود. 170 ورزشکار دختر که کاراته تمرین می‌کردند زیر نظر فدراسیون کاراته ایران انتخاب شدند. 90 ورزشکار کاتا تمرین می‌کردند و 80 نفر از آن‌ها کومیته تمرین می‌کردند. نمونه‌ها با روش نمونه‌گیری در دسترس انتخاب شدند. ابزارهای این پژوهش شامل دو پرسشنامه حافظه بینایی ژان لوییی سلیه و پرسشنامه تجسم فضایی مینه سوتا بود. یافته‌ها: نتایج نشان داد که دختران ورزشکاری که کاتا تمرین کردند به طور معنی‌داری حافظه بینایی بالاتری نسبت به گروه کومیته‌ داشتند. با این حال در این دو گروه بین هوش فضایی تفاوتی وجود نداشت. نتیجه‌گیری: داده‌های ما نشان داد که حافظه بینایی و هوش فضایی خیلی ضروری هستند و در کاراته نقش کلیدی را ایفاء می‌کنند. برای رسیدن به نتایج بهتر در رقابت‌های کاراته، به نظر می‌رسد تمرین و تقویت این مهارت‌ها بسیار مهم است.}, keywords_fa = {حافظه, هوش, ورزشکاران}, doi = {10.29252/shefa.6.1.27}, url = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1434-en.html}, eprint = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1434-en.pdf}, journal = {The Neuroscience Journal of Shefaye Khatam}, issn = {2322-1887}, eissn = {2345-4814}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {Sahraeian, Samira and Edalatmanesh, Mohammad Ami}, title = {The Neuroprotective Effect of Sodium Butyrate on Short-Term Memory and Serum Level of B-cell lymphoma 2 in a Rat Model of Cerebral Hypoxic-Ischemia}, abstract ={Introduction: Cerebral ischemic stroke is the third cause of death worldwide and is one of the main causes of long-term disabilities. Histone deacetylase inhibitors have effects on amelioration of brain disorders. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of sodium butyrate (SB) as a histone deacetylase inhibitor on short-term working memory and serum level of B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl2) protein in a rat cerebral hypoxic ischemia (HI) model. Materials and Methods: The animals were divided into 5 groups; control, HI+Saline, HI+SB 0.1, HI+SB 0.3, and HI+SB 0.6. Ischemia was induced by left carotid artery occlusion and then rats were placed in the hypoxic chamber containing 8% oxygen for 5 minute. SB was injected at doses of 0.1, 0.3 and 0.6 (mg/kg/day) intra-peritonealy for 14 consecutive days in three treatment groups. Short-term working memory in these groups was analyzed by Y-maze test. After performing the test, serum value of Bcl2 protein were measured by ELISA. Results: The percent of behavior alteration was higher in treatment groups than HI+Saline group in a dose dependent manner. In addition, SB administration reduced serum levels of Bcl2 in treatment groups. Conclusion: SB may cause amelioration of short-term memory and reduction of Bcl2 level, as an apoptosis marker, in cerebral hypoxic ischemia.}, Keywords = {Brain Ischemia, Memory, Short-Term, Rats}, volume = {6}, Number = {1}, pages = {34-40}, publisher = {Shefa Neuroscience Research Center}, title_fa = {اثر حفاظت کننده عصبی سدیم بوتیرات بر حافظه کوتاه‌مدت و بیان سرمی B-cell lymphoma 2 در مدل ایسکمی هایپوکسیک مغزی موش صحرایی}, abstract_fa ={مقدمه: سکته مغزی ایسکمیک سومین علت مرگ و میر در سراسر جهان و یکی از علل اصلی معلولیت‌های درازمدت می‌باشد. مهارکننده‌های هیستون داستیلازی در بهبود اختلالات مغزی تأثیر دارند. هدف از این مطالعه بررسی اثر سدیم بوتیرات به‌عنوان یک مهارکننده هیستون داستیلازی بر حافظه کوتاه‌مدت کاری و بیان سرمی پروتئین Bcl2 در مدل ایسکمی هایپوکسیک مغزی موش صحرایی بود. مواد و روش‌ها: حیوانات به 5 گروه: کنترل، HI+Saline ،HI+SB 0/1 ،HI+SB 0/3 و HI+SB 0/6 تقسیم شدند. ایسکمی توسط انسداد شریان کاروتید چپ القاء شد و سپس موش‌های صحرایی در محفظه هایپوکسی حاوی 8 درصد اکسیژن به مدت 5 دقیقه قرار گرفتند. سدیم بوتیرات در دوزهای 0/1، 0/3 و 0/6 میلی‌گرم بر کیلوگرم وزن بدن حیوان در هر روز به صورت داخل صفاقی به مدت 14 روز متوالی در سه گروه درمان تزریق شد. حافظه کوتاه‌مدت کاری در 3 گروه توسط آزمون ماز Y تجزیه و تحلیل شد. پس از انجام آزمون، سطح سرمی پروتئین Bcl2 توسط الایزا اندازه‌گیری شد. یافته‌ها: روش وابسته به دوز، درصد تناوب حرکتی در گروه‌های درمان را نسبت به گروه HI+Saline افزایش داد. به علاوه، به کارگیری سدیم بوتیرات، سطوح سرمی Bcl2 در گروه‌های درمان را کاهش داد. نتیجه‌گیری: سدیم بوتیرات سبب بهبود حافظه کوتاه‌مدت و کاهش سطح Bcl2 به‌عنوان یک نشانگر آپوپتوز در ایسکمی هایپوکسیک مغزی می‌گردد.  }, keywords_fa = {ایسکمی مغزی, حافظه کوتاه‌مدت, موش‌های صحرایی}, doi = {10.29252/shefa.6.1.34}, url = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1442-en.html}, eprint = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1442-en.pdf}, journal = {The Neuroscience Journal of Shefaye Khatam}, issn = {2322-1887}, eissn = {2345-4814}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {Eslami, Mansoureh and Alizade, Leila and Sayyah, Mohamm}, title = {The Effect of Lipopolysaccharide Pretreatment on Trauma-Induced Dark Neurons in the Hippocampus}, abstract ={Introduction: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a serious medical condition that affects annually year more than 2 million people worldwide. This study was aimed to evaluate the effect of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) on the number of dark neurons induced by TBI in the parieto-temporal cortex. Materials and Methods:  LPS (0.1 and 0.5 mg/kg) was injected i.p. to rats 5 days before induction of TBI in the parieto-temporal cortex. Using toluidine blue staining, we evaluated the number of dark neurons in the hippocampus in sham and LPS preconditioned rats 4 and 12 hours after the trauma. Results: The increase in dark neurons was significantly higher after 4 h of trauma compared to 12 h after TBI. LPS preconditioning significantly decreased the mean number of dark neurons in the hippocampus. In LPS preconditioned rats the mean number of dark neurons was also significantly higher 4 hours after trauma compared to 12 h after TBI. Conclusion: These data indicate that hippocampal cellular damage produced during the first hours after induction of TBI. This cellular damage could be prevented by administration of LPS.}, Keywords = {Neurons, Hippocampus, Rats}, volume = {6}, Number = {1}, pages = {41-48}, publisher = {Shefa Neuroscience Research Center}, title_fa = {اثر پیش درمانی با لیپوپلی ساکارید بر نورون‌های تیره ناشی از تروما در هیپوکامپ}, abstract_fa ={مقدمه: آسیب مغزی پس از ضربه یک وضعیت جدی پزشکی است که سالانه بیش از 2 میلیون نفر در جهان را تحت تأثیر قرار می‌دهد. هدف این مطالعه بررسی اثر لیپو پلی‌ساکارید بر تعداد نورون‌های تیره ناشی از آسیب مغزی پس از ضربه در قشر آهیانه‌ای –گیجگاهی بود. مواد و روش‌ها: لیپو پلی‌ساکارید (0/1 و 0/5 میلی‌گرم بر کیلوگرم) 5 روز قبل از اعمال به موش‌های صحرایی تزریق شد. با استفاده از رنگ‌آمیزی تولوئیدن بلو تعداد نورون‌های تیره در هیپوکامپ در موش‌های صحرایی گروه شاهد و پیش ‌درمانی شده با لیپو پلی‌ساکارید 4 و 12 ساعت بعد از تروما مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. یافته‌ها: نورون‌های تیره 4 ساعت بعد از تروما در مقایسه با 12 ساعت بعد از آسیب مغزی پس از ضربه به طور معنی‌داری بیشتر بود. تعداد نورون‌های تیره در هیپوکامپ در گروه پیش ‌درمانی شده با لیپو پلی‌ساکارید به طور معنی‌داری کاهش یافت. در موش‌های صحرایی پیش‌ درمانی شده با لیپو پلی‌ساکارید تعداد نورون‌های تیره 4 ساعت پس از تروما در مقایسه با 12 ساعت بعد از آسیب مغزی پس از ضربه به طور معنی‌داری بیشتر بود. نتیجه‌گیری: داده‌ها نشان داد که آسیب سلولی هیپوکامپ در ساعات اولیه بعد از اعمال آسیب مغزی پس از ضربه ایجاد می‌شود. به کارگیری لیپو پلی‌ساکارید می‌تواند از آسیب سلولی جلوگیری کند.}, keywords_fa = {نورون‌ها, هیپوکامپ, موش‌های صحرایی}, doi = {10.29252/shefa.6.1.41}, url = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1441-en.html}, eprint = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1441-en.pdf}, journal = {The Neuroscience Journal of Shefaye Khatam}, issn = {2322-1887}, eissn = {2345-4814}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {Shahini, Ali and Khaksar, Zabihollah and SahabNegah, Saj}, title = {The Role of Micro-RNAs in Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder}, abstract ={Introduction: Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a form of anxiety disorders. PTSD typically follows an exposure to severe stress. It is characterized by a particular clinical syndrome, including re-experiencing symptoms and alterations in arousal, avoidance, cognition, and mood conditions. Recent evidences propose that micro-RNAs are crucial epigenetic players in mental disorders. It has been demonstrated that micro-RNAs are promising non-invasive biomarkers for different mental health disorders. It has been reported that the levels of micro-RNAs have been changed in psychotic diseases, including Alzheimer's disease and PTSD. Conclusion: Micro-RNAs seem to play a role in pathophysiology of psychological diseases. In this article, we discussed the new findings suggesting a relationship between micro-RNAs and PTSD as well as the possible roles of micro-RNAs in diagnosis and treatment of this mental disorder.}, Keywords = {Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic, Amygdala, Hippocampus, Prefrontal Cortex}, volume = {6}, Number = {1}, pages = {49-60}, publisher = {Shefa Neuroscience Research Center}, title_fa = {نقش micro-RNA ها در اختلال اضطرابی پس از ضربه}, abstract_fa ={مقدمه: اختلال اضطرابی پس از ضربه یک نوع از اختلالات اضطرابی است. اختلال اضطرابی پس از ضربه معمولاً به دنبال مواجه با یک استرس شدید ایجاد می‌شود. این اختلال با علایم بالینی خاصی از جمله تجربه مجدد علایم و تغییرات در تحریک، اجتناب، شناخت و شرایط خلقی مشخص می‌گردد. شواهد اخیر پیشنهاد می‌دهد که  micro-RNAها نقش مهمی در اپی‌ژنتیک اختلالات روانی دارند. نشان داده شده است که micro-RNA ها به‌عنوان نشانگرهای زیستی غیر تهاجمی برای اختلالات سلامت روانی متعدد نویدبخش هستند. گزارش شده است که سطوح micro-RNA ها در بیماری‌های روانی از قبیل بیماری آلزایمر و اختلال اضطرابی پس از ضربه تغییراتی داشته است. نتیجه‌گیری: به نظر می‌رسد micro-RNA ها در پاتوفیزیولوژی بیماری‌های روانی نقش دارند. در این مطالعه ما در مورد یافته‌های جدید ارتباط بین micro-RNA ها و اختلال اضطرابی پس از ضربه و همچنین نقش احتمالی micro-RNA ها در تشخیص و درمان اختلالات روانی بحث می‌کنیم.  }, keywords_fa = {اختلالات اضطرابی پس از ضربه, آمیگدالا, هیپوکامپ, قشر پیش‌پیشانی}, doi = {10.29252/shefa.6.1.49}, url = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1437-en.html}, eprint = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1437-en.pdf}, journal = {The Neuroscience Journal of Shefaye Khatam}, issn = {2322-1887}, eissn = {2345-4814}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {Azimi, Maryam and BaratiDowom, Parastoo and Abdal, Khadijeh and Darvishi, Marzieh}, title = {Role of the Cannabinoid System in the Limbic System}, abstract ={Introduction: The limbic system plays an important role in neural mechanisms related to emotion and memory. Hallucinogenic drugs are a factor affecting the functioning of this system and interfering with its nervous system regulation. Recent studies on adolescent users of hallucinogenic drugs, such as marijuana, have shown some degree of behavioral and emotional disorders. Cannabinoids, compounds forming marijuana, acting via its receptors throughout the brain. Conclusion: These ligands bind to their receptors in parts of the limbic system (the amygdala, prefrontal cortex, hippocampus, thalamus and hypothalamus) and lead to changes in the expression of neurotransmitters and neural pathways in the brain. These alterations influence emotional behavior.}, Keywords = {Prefrontal Cortex, Hippocampus, Thalamus}, volume = {6}, Number = {1}, pages = {61-72}, publisher = {Shefa Neuroscience Research Center}, title_fa = {نقش کانابینوئید سیستم در سیستم لیمبیک}, abstract_fa ={مقدمه: سیستم لیمبیک نقش مهمی در مکانیسم‌های عصبی وابسته به احساسات و حافظه بازی می‌کند. داروهای توهم‌زا یکی از عوامل مؤثر بر این سیستم و تداخل در تنظیم سیستم عصبی آن است. مطالعات اخیر در نوجوانان مصرف‌کننده داروهای توهم‌زا همچون ماری جوانا درجاتی از اختلالات رفتاری و عاطفی را نشان داده است. ترکیبات تشکیل‌دهنده ماری جوانا کانابینوئیدها می‌باشند که از طریق گیرنده‌هایشان در سراسر مغز عمل می‌کنند. نتیجه‌گیری: این لیگاندها به گیرنده‌های خود در بخش‌هایی از سیستم لیمبیک (آمیگدال، قشر جلوی مغز، هیپوکامپ، تالاموس و هیپوتالاموس) متصل می‌شوند و منجر به تغییرات در بیان انتقال‌دهنده‌های عصبی و مسیرهای عصبی در مغز می‌شوند. این تغییرات بر رفتارهای عاطفی تأثیر می‌گذارد.}, keywords_fa = {قشر جلوی مغز, هیپوکامپ, تالاموس}, doi = {10.29252/shefa.6.1.61}, url = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1436-en.html}, eprint = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1436-en.pdf}, journal = {The Neuroscience Journal of Shefaye Khatam}, issn = {2322-1887}, eissn = {2345-4814}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {RezanejadAsl, Amin and Issazadegan, Ali and ChehelAmirani, Mehdi and Bagherzadeh, Jamshi}, title = {The Effect of Midbrain Phasic Dopamine Signal Manipulation on Cognitive Control Deficit}, abstract ={Introduction: Cognitive control deficits are seen in many psychological and brain disorders. The dual mechanism of control (DMC) theory assumes two proactive (PC) and reactive control (RC) modes for cognitive control and uses the AX version of continuous performance test (AX-CPT) as the main research paradigm. This test determines deficits in cognitive control modes in various disorders. Midbrain dopamine signal plays an important role in the pathophysiology of various disorders with cognitive control deficits and plays a key role in DMC theory. Materials and Methods: The present study was a computer simulation to investigate the effect of midbrain dopamine signal manipulation on cognitive control deficits. Simulation is based on LEABRA cognitive architecture and using the PBWM model as a model of working memory and PVLV model as a model of midbrain dopaminergic system. This investigation has been implemented in the emergent computer simulation software where the AX-CPT is presented to the model and the model performance was measured. Simulation results are calculated in three proactive control behavioral index (PCB), PC, and RC indices. Results: With increasing gain of phasic dopamine signal from 0 to 100 percent, a 15 to 45 percent changes occurred in the trend of curves. Increasing up to 15 percent, the error indices sharply decreased, PC was reduced, RC is increased, and PCB tends from PC to RC. Increasing from 15 to 45 percent, PC was increased, RC was reduced, and PCB tends from RC to PC. These trends were damped between 45 to 100 percent enhancement. Indices related to the average reaction time showed a reversed pattern of error indices. Conclusion: The results of the error indices by decreasing phasic dopamine level indicate an increase in PC deficit and RC improvement as well as a greater tendency toward RC. These results are consistent with the hypodopaminergic pattern and DMC mechanism deficits in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, depression, negative symptoms of schizophrenia as well as chronic addiction of cocaine and alcohol and Parkinson's disease.}, Keywords = {Executive Function, Dopamine, Computer Simulation, Cognitive Dysfunction}, volume = {6}, Number = {2}, pages = {1-14}, publisher = {Shefa Neuroscience Research Center}, title_fa = {تأثیر دستکاری سیگنال دوپامین فازیک میان مغز روی نقص کنترل شناختی}, abstract_fa ={مقدمه: نقص کنترل شناختی در بسیاری از اختلالات روانشناختی و مغزی دیده می‌شود. نظریه مکانیسم دوگانه کنترل (DMC)، دو مد کنترل فعال (PC) و انفعالی (RC) را برای کنترل شناختی و از نسخه AX آزمون عملکرد مداوم (AX-CPT) به‌عنوان پارادایم پژوهشی اصلی بهره‌ می‌برد. این آزمون نقص‌هایی را در مدهای کنترل شناختی در اختلالات مختلف نشان می‌دهد. سیگنال دوپامین میان‌مغز نقش مهمی در پاتوفیزیولوژی اختلالات مختلف در رابطه با نقص کنترل شناختی دارد و یک نقش کلیدی در نظریه DMC دارد. مواد و روش‌ها: پژوهش حاضر یک شبیه‌سازی رایانه‌ای به‌منظور بررسی تأثیر دستکاری سیگنال دوپامین میان‌مغز روی نقص کنترل شناختی بود. شبیه‌سازی بر اساس معماری شناختی LEABRA و با استفاده از مدل PBWM به‌عنوان یک مدل حافظه کاری و مدل PVLV به‌عنوان مدل سیستم دوپامینرژیک میان‌مغز است. این پژوهش در نرم‌افزار شبیه‌سازی رایانه‌ای Emergent که در آن AX-CPT به مدل ارائه شده و عملکرد مدل در آن سنجیده می‌شود، انجام شده است. نتایج شبیه‌سازی در سه شاخص کنترل فعال، انفعالی و شاخص رفتاری کنترل فعال (PCB) محاسبه می‌شوند. یافته‌ها: با افزایش گین سیگنال دوپامین فازیک از صفر تا صد درصد، تغییرات 15 تا 45 درصدی در روند منحنی‌ها رخ داده است. با افزایش تا 15 درصد، شاخص‌های خطا به‌شدت کاهش یافته، کنترل فعال کاهش یافته، کنترل انفعالی افزایش یافته و شاخص رفتاری کنترل فعال از کنترل فعال به کنترل انفعالی گرایش پیدا می‌کند. افزایش 15 تا 45 درصد، کنترل فعال افزایش یافته، کنترل انفعالی کاهش یافته و شاخص رفتاری کنترل فعال از کنترل انفعالی به کنترل فعال تمایل دارد. این روندها در ناحیه 45 تا 100 درصد میرا می‌شوند. شاخص‌های مربوط به میانگین زمان واکنش، الگوی عکسی از شاخص‌های خطا را نشان داد. نتیجه‌گیری: نتایج شاخص‌های خطا با کاهش سطح دوپامین فازیک، افزایش نقص کنترل فعال و بهبود کنترل انفعالی و همچنین گرایش بیشتر به کنترل انفعالی را نشان می‌دهند. این نتایج با الگوی هیپودوپامینرژیک و نقص‌های مکانیسم دوگانه کنترل در اختلال کمبود توجه –بیش‌فعالی، افسردگی، نشانه‌های منفی اسکیزوفرنی و همچنین اعتیاد مزمن به کوکائین و الکل و بیماری پارکینسون همسویی دارد.}, keywords_fa = {کارکرد اجرایی, دوپامین, شبیه‌سازی رایانه‌ای, اختلال شناختی}, doi = {10.29252/shefa.6.2.1}, url = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1475-en.html}, eprint = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1475-en.pdf}, journal = {The Neuroscience Journal of Shefaye Khatam}, issn = {2322-1887}, eissn = {2345-4814}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {Sarabzadeh, Mostafa and Helalizadeh, Masoumeh}, title = {Investigation of Motor Electroneuromyography Parameters in Patients with Short- and Long-Term Diabetes}, abstract ={Introduction: One of the common complications of diabetic patients is peripheral neuropathy. The aim of the present study was to evaluation of the changes of parameters of peripheral nerves in patients with short- and long-term diabetes. Materials and Methods: 48 subjects were selected and classified into three groups: i) patients with diabetic peripheral neuropathy for 1-7 years (n=16), ii) patients with diabetic peripheral neuropathy for 10-17 years (n=16), and iii) 16 healthy subjects. All groups were evaluated by electroneurogram and electromyogram investigations. Results: Data analysis showed a significant difference between short-term diabetes and control groups in peroneal nerve and median nerve conductions. In addition, significant differences were observed between long-term diabetes and control groups in peroneal nerve and median nerve conductions as well as in biceps electrical activation and gastrocnemius electrical activation. Among these findings, the most important differences were observed between short and long-term diabetes groups in gastrocnemius and biceps electrical activation. Conclusion: Our data indicate that peripheral nerves deficits are early complications in patients with diabetes. A longer duration of diabetes leads to muscle functional changes and disorders of motor unit recruitment.}, Keywords = {Electromyography, Neural Conduction, Patients}, volume = {6}, Number = {2}, pages = {15-24}, publisher = {Shefa Neuroscience Research Center}, title_fa = {بررسی شاخص‌های الکترونورومیوگرافی حرکتی در بیماران مبتلا به دیابت کوتاه‌مدت و بلندمدت}, abstract_fa ={مقدمه: یکی از مشکلات رایج بیماران دیابتی، نوروپاتی محیطی است. هدف از مطالعه حاضر ارزیابی تغییرات شاخص‌های اعصاب محیطی در بیماران مبتلا به دیابت کوتاه‌مدت و بلندمدت بود. مواد و روش‌ها: 48 نفر انتخاب شدند و به سه گروه: 1- بیماران دیابتی نوروپاتی محیطی با 1 تا 7 سال سابقه بیماری (16 نفر)، 2- بیماران دیابتی نوروپاتی محیطی با 10 تا 17 سال سابقه بیماری (16 نفر) و 3- 16 فرد سالم تقسیم شدند. همه گروه‌ها با دستگاه الکترونوروگرام و الکترومیوگرام مورد ارزیابی قرار گرفتند. یافته‌ها: تجزیه و تحلیل داده‌ها اختلاف معنی‌داری بین گروه‌های دیابت کوتاه‌مدت و کنترل در هدایت عصبی پرونئال و مدین را نشان داد. همینطور اختلاف معنی‌داری بین گروه‌های دیابت بلندمدت و کنترل در هدایت عصبی پرونئال و مدین و همچنین در فعالیت الکتریکی عضلات دوسر بازو و فعالیت الکتریکی عضلات دوقلو مشاهده شد. در میان این یافته‌ها مهم‌‎ترین اختلاف معنی‌دار در فعالیت الکتریکی عضلات دوسر بازو و عضلات دوقلو بین گروه دیابتی کوتاه‌مدت و بلندمدت مشاهده شد. نتیجه‌گیری: داده‌ها نشان داد که نقص اعصاب محیطی از عوارض زودرس در بیماران مبتلا به دیابت است. دیابت بلندمدت منجر به تغییرات عملکرد عضلانی و اختلالات واحدهای حرکتی می‌شود.}, keywords_fa = {الکترومیوگرافی, هدایت عصبی, بیماران}, doi = {10.29252/shefa.6.2.15}, url = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1478-en.html}, eprint = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1478-en.pdf}, journal = {The Neuroscience Journal of Shefaye Khatam}, issn = {2322-1887}, eissn = {2345-4814}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {Ebrahimi, Fariba and NajmiVarzaneh, Fatemeh and Mohammadi, Younes and RazaghiJahromi, Soodeh and NajmiVarzaneh, Farnaz and Togha, Mansoureh}, title = {Migraine and Tension Type Headaches among the Medical Staffs in Sina Hospital, Tehran, Iran}, abstract ={Introduction: Headache is one of the most common pain syndromes in humans, which can lead to social and occupational dysfunctions. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of migraine and tension type headache (TTH) among the staffs of Sina Hospital, Tehran, Iran and its relationship with socio-demographic variables as well as psychological factors. Materials and Methods: This analytical observational study was conducted in 590 employees of Sina Hospital in Tehran, Iran using a randomized sampling method. The prevalence of migraine and TTH was evaluated in relation to psychological and socio-demographic variables. Required information was collected through a questionnaire and the diagnosis of the type of headache was confirmed by a neurologist. Results: The total prevalence of headaches within our study population was 129 cases among 590 subjects (21.8%), of which 58 (9.8%) subjects were migraineurs, 67 (11.3%) subjects had TTH, and 4 (0.67%) people had both TTH and migraine. These headaches were significantly higher in nurses, staffs with a bachelor's degree or above, staffs with an average daily working hours of more than 8 hours, and staffs working in the morning shift. TTH had also a significant relationship with psychological characteristics, such as depression, fatigue, and job dissatisfaction. Job absenteeism, referral to physicians, and inability to do routine works during their headache periods were significantly higher in staffs with migraine headaches compared to TTH. Conclusion: TTH and migraine headaches had a significant relationship with the type of job, educational levels, and type of work shifts. In addition, migraine headaches had more negative effects on the quality of work compared to TTH.}, Keywords = {Tension-Type Headache, Migraine Disorders, Nurses}, volume = {6}, Number = {2}, pages = {25-30}, publisher = {Shefa Neuroscience Research Center}, title_fa = {انواع سردردهای تنشی و میگرنی میان کارکنان پزشکی در بیمارستان سینا، تهران، ایران}, abstract_fa ={مقدمه: سردرد یکی از شایع‌ترین سندرم‌های درد در انسان است که می‌تواند منجر به اختلال عملکرد اجتماعی و شغلی شود. هدف از این مطالعه بررسی شیوع انواع سردردهای تنشی و میگرنی میان کارکنان بیمارستان سینا، تهران، ایران و ارتباط آن با متغیرهای جمعیت‌شناختی اجتماعی و عوامل روانشناختی بود. مواد و روش‌ها: این مطالعه مشاهده‌ای تحلیلی بر روی 590 نفر از کارکنان بیمارستان سینا در تهران، ایران توسط یک روش نمونه‌گیری تصادفی انجام شد. شیوع سردردهای تنشی و میگرن در ارتباط با متغیرهای روانشناختی و جمعیت‌شناختی اجتماعی ارزیابی شد. اطلاعات مورد نیاز با استفاده از یک پرسشنامه جمع‌آوری شد و تشخیص نوع سردرد توسط متخصص داخلی مغز و اعصاب تأیید گردید. یافته‌ها: شیوع سردرد در جمعیت مطالعه ما 129 مورد در میان 590 نفر (21/8 درصد) که 58 نفر (9/8 درصد) میگرن، 67 نفر (11/3 درصد) سردرد تنشی و 4 نفر (0/67 درصد) سردرد تنشی –میگرنی بود. این سردردها در پرستاران، کارکنان با درجه لیسانس یا بالاتر، پرسنل با ساعت کاری بیشتر از 8 ساعت و پرسنل با شیفت ثابت صبح به طور معنی‌داری بالاتر بود. سردرد تنشی همچنین یک ارتباط معنی‌داری با خصوصیات روانشناختی از قبیل افسردگی، خستگی و نارضایتی شغلی داشت. در کارکنان با سردرد میگرنی، غیبت شغلی، مراجعه به پزشک و ناتوانی در انجام کارهای روزمره در طی سردرد آن‌ها در مقایسه با سردرد تنشی به طور معنی‌داری بالاتر بود. نتیجه‌گیری: سردردهای میگرنی و تنشی ارتباط معنی‌داری با نوع شغل، سطح تحصیلات و نوع شیفت کاری داشت. از طرف دیگر سردردهای میگرنی اثرات منفی بیشتری بر روی کیفیت کار در مقایسه با سردردهای تنشی داشتند.}, keywords_fa = {سردرد تنشی, اختلالات میگرنی, پرستاران}, doi = {10.29252/shefa.6.2.25}, url = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1472-en.html}, eprint = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1472-en.pdf}, journal = {The Neuroscience Journal of Shefaye Khatam}, issn = {2322-1887}, eissn = {2345-4814}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {Eskandarnejad, Mahta and Rezaei, Fahimeh}, title = {The Effect of Aerobic Exercise on Neural Networks of Attention and Working Memory}, abstract ={Introduction: Exercise and physical activity have positive impacts on the physical and mental functions. However, their impact on cognitive functions needs to be elucidated in further details. Therefore, the present study was performed to determine the effect of aerobic exercise on neural network of attention and working memory. Materials and Methods: In this semi- experimental study, 20 inactive women with mean age of 22.65±2.03 years were selected by available sampling and equally divided into experimental and control groups. The experimental group participated in 16 sessions of aerobic exercise. Before and after the completion of training intervention, participant’s performance was assessed using attention network test and N-back task test. Data were analyzed by the multivariable analysis of covariance method. Results: Our results showed that working memory in the experimental group was significantly increased compared to the control group. However, there were no significant differences in orienting network of attention. Conclusion: Our data are in line with the use of aerobic exercise to reinforce working memory. In addition, it seems that the impact of aerobic exercise on cognition is selective and depends on the nature of the targeted cognitive function as well as their brain substrates.}, Keywords = {Consciousness, Psychological Phenomena, Music, Cognition, Brain}, volume = {6}, Number = {2}, pages = {31-40}, publisher = {Shefa Neuroscience Research Center}, title_fa = {تأثیر ورزش هوازی بر شبکه‌های عصبی توجه و حافظۀ کاری}, abstract_fa ={مقدمه: ورزش و فعالیت جسمانی اثرات مثبتی بر عملکردهای جسمی و روانی دارند. اما نیاز است تأثیر آن‌ها بر عملکردهای شناختی با جزئیات بیشتری توضیح داده شود. بنابراین مطالعه حاضر به‌منظور بررسی اثر ورزش هوازی بر شبکه‌های عصبی توجه و حافظه کاری انجام شد. مواد و روش‌ها: در این مطالعه نیمه تجربی، 20 زن غیر فعال با میانگین سنی 2/03 ± 22/65 سال به روش نمونه‌گیری در دسترس انتخاب شدند و به طور مساوی به گروه‌های تجربی و کنترل تقسیم شدند. گروه تجربی در 16 جلسه ورزش هوازی شرکت کردند. پیش و پس از اتمام مداخلۀ تمرینی، عملکرد شرکت‌کنندگان با استفاده از آزمون شبکه‌های توجه و تکلیف ان‌بک مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. داده‌ها با استفاده از روش تحلیل کوواریانس چند متغیره مورد تجزیه و تحلیل قرار گرفتند. یافته‌ها: نتایج ما نشان داد که حافظه کاری در گروه تجربی در مقایسه با گروه کنترل به طور معنی‌داری افزایش داشت. با این حال تفاوت معنی‌داری در شبکه موقعیت‌یابی توجه وجود نداشت. نتیجه‌گیری: داده‌های ما در راستای استفاده از ورزش هوازی به‌منظور بهبود حافظه کاری است. علاوه بر این به نظر می‌رسد که تأثیر ورزش هوازی بر شناخت انتخابی بوده و به ماهیت عملکرد شناختی هدفمند و همچنین بسترهای مغزی آن‌ها بستگی دارد.}, keywords_fa = {آثار روانشناسی, حافظه کوتاه‌مدت, ورزش, فیزیولوژی روانشناسی, توجه}, doi = {10.29252/shefa.6.2.31}, url = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1471-en.html}, eprint = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1471-en.pdf}, journal = {The Neuroscience Journal of Shefaye Khatam}, issn = {2322-1887}, eissn = {2345-4814}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {Fallah, Fatemeh and Ebrahimpour, Rez}, title = {The Time Course of Visual Processing on Different Levels of Object Categorization with the Same Stimulus: A Behavioral Study}, abstract ={Introduction: Human visual system is able to recognize the objects relevant information in natural images rapidly and efficiently. In the recognition process, an object can belong to different levels of abs traction (superordinate, basic, and subordinate) in a hierarchical s tructure. However, it remains unclear whether different ques tions at levels of object categorization for identical s timulus create different activation responses in the brain or not. Materials and Methods: In order to inves tigate the relation between brain function and human behavior, three behavioral experimental s tudies have been designed with help of psychophysics’ toolbox in MATLAB R2015a. During these experiments, the participants asked to record animate, face, and animal face images as target images respect to the superordinate, basic, and subordinate levels, respectively. The experiments include seven blocks of 96 trials in superordinate (four blocks), basic (two blocks), and subordinate (one block) levels. Totally each subject has done 672 trials. Results: We observed that subjects’ reaction time were task dependent for the same images in contras t to previous s tudies. That is, images in the superordinate level were observed in the early component of reaction time whereas basic and subordinate levels emerged relatively late. In all levels, only a set of 48 target images (animal face) was analyzed. These target images were randomly mixed with other ones. Conclusion: The results showed that superordinate level is well separated from the other two levels. In other words, this level needs more general information for object recognition process than other levels. These findings sugges t that categorization of objects at different levels has done by three dis tinct neuronal circuits. Moreover, these results indicate that there are some top-down signals which change the information processing path respect to the ques tions.}, Keywords = {Psychophysics, Neurosciences, Reaction Time}, volume = {6}, Number = {2}, pages = {41-50}, publisher = {Shefa Neuroscience Research Center}, title_fa = {بررسی زمان پردازش بینایی در سطوح مختلف دسته‌بندی اشیاء با محرک‌های یکسان: یک مطالعه رفتاری}, abstract_fa ={مقدمه: دستگاه بینایی انسان قادر است اطلاعات مربوط به اشیایی که در تصاویر طبیعی وجود دارند را با سرعت و کارایی بازشناسی کند. در این فرایند بازشناسی، یک شی قابلیت قرار گرفتن در سطوح مختلف انتزاع (مافوق، بنیادی و مادون) در یک ساختار سلسله مراتبی را دارا می‌باشد. اگرچه مشخص نیست که آیا سؤال‌های مختلف در سطوح دسته‌بندی اشیاء برای محرک‌های یکسان، پاسخ‌های فعالسازی مختلفی را در مغز ایجاد می‌کنند یا خیر. مواد و روش‌ها: به‌منظور بررسی رابطه بین عملکرد مغز و رفتار انسان، سه مطالعه آزمایشی رفتاری به کمک جعبه ابزار روان –فیزیک متلب R2015a طراحی شده است. در طی این آزمایشات، از افراد شرکت کننده خواسته شد تصاویر جاندار، چهره و چهره حیوان را به ترتیب به‌عنوان تصاویر هدف با توجه به سطوح مافوق، بنیادی و مادون گزارش کنند. آزمایش‌ها شامل 7 بلوک 96 مرحله‌ای در سطح مافوق (4 بلوک)، بنیادی (2 بلوک) و مادون (1 بلوک) است. در مجموع هر شرکت‌کننده 672 مرحله را انجام داد. یافته‌ها: ما مشاهده کردیم که مدت زمان پاسخ افراد شرکت‌کننده به ازای تصاویر یکسان بر خلاف مطالعات قبلی در سطوح مختلف با هم متمایز شده است. به این معنی که تصاویر در سطح مافوق در بخش‌های اولیه زمان پاسخ مشاهده می‌شوند در حالی که در سطوح بنیادی و مادون زمان واکنش نسبتاً دیرتر خواهد بود. در تمام سطوح، تنها 48 تصویر از مجموعه تصاویر هدف (چهره حیوان) مورد ارزیابی قرار گرفتند. این تصاویر به صورت تصادفی با تصاویر دیگر هدف مخلوط شدند. نتیجه‌گیری: نتایج نشان داد که سطح مافوق از دو سطح دیگر به خوبی تفکیک شده است. به عبارت دیگر این سطح برای فرایند بازشناسی اشیاء به اطلاعات کلی‌تری نسبت به سطوح دیگر نیاز دارد. این یافته‌ها پیشنهاد می‌دهد که دسته‌بندی اشیاء در سطوح مختلف در سه مدار نورونی مجزا انجام می‌شوند. علاوه بر این، این نتایج نشان می‌دهند که برخی سیگنال‌های بالا به پایینی وجود دارند که مسیر پردازش اطلاعات را متناسب با سؤالات تغییر می‌دهند.  }, keywords_fa = {روان- فیزیک, علوم اعصاب, زمان پاسخ}, doi = {10.29252/shefa.6.2.41}, url = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1477-en.html}, eprint = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1477-en.pdf}, journal = {The Neuroscience Journal of Shefaye Khatam}, issn = {2322-1887}, eissn = {2345-4814}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {Peyvastegar, Mehrangiz}, title = {Borderline Personality and Alexithymia among Female College Students with Interpersonal Problems}, abstract ={Introduction: Studies have shown that borderline personality and alexithymia could affect the course of interpersonal problems. The aim of this study was to evaluate borderline personality characteristics and alexithymia among female college students with interpersonal problems. Materials and Methods: Research population included 150 female students in AL Zahra University who were received above cutoff scores in the inventory of interpersonal problems. The instruments used in this study were the inventory of interpersonal problems, the Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS-20), and the Personality Assessment Inventory Borderline Scale (PAI-BOR). Results: The results showed that difficulty identifying feelings and impulsive behaviors were predictors of interpersonal problems. Conclusion: These findings indicate the role of borderline personality and alexithymia in interpersonal problems. These results can be useful in intervention programs in treatments of interpersonal problems.}, Keywords = {Behavior, Therapeutics, Female}, volume = {6}, Number = {2}, pages = {51-59}, publisher = {Shefa Neuroscience Research Center}, title_fa = {اختلال شخصیت مرزی و ناگویی هیجانی در میان دختران دانشجوی دارای مشکلات بین فردی}, abstract_fa ={مقدمه: مطالعات نشان داده‌اند که ویژگی‌های اختلال شخصیت مرزی و ناگویی هیجانی می‌تواند بر روند مشکلات بین فردی تأثیر بگذارند. هدف از این مطالعه بررسی ویژگی‌های اختلال شخصیت مرزی و ناگویی هیجانی میان دختران دانشجوی دارای مشکلات بین فردی بود. مواد و روش‌ها: جامعه آماری پژوهش شامل 150 دانشجوی دختر در دانشگاه الزهرا بود که در پرسشنامه مشکلات بین فردی نمره بالاتر از خط برش داشتند. ابزار مورد استفاده در این مطالعه پرسشنامه مشکلات بین فردی، پرسشنامه ناگویی هیجانی ـ20 و مقیاس اختلال شخصیت مرزی بود. یافته‌ها: یافته‌ها نشان داد که دشواری در شناسایی احساس و رفتارهای تکانشی توانایی پیش‌بینی مشکلات بین فردی را دارند. نتیجه‌گیری: این یافته‌ها نقش اختلال شخصیت مرزی و ناگویی هیجانی در مشکلات بین فردی را نشان دادند. این یافته‌ها می‌توانند در برنامه‌های مداخله‌ای در درمان مشکلات بین فردی مفید باشند.}, keywords_fa = {رفتار, درمان, دختران}, doi = {10.29252/shefa.6.2.51}, url = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1470-en.html}, eprint = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1470-en.pdf}, journal = {The Neuroscience Journal of Shefaye Khatam}, issn = {2322-1887}, eissn = {2345-4814}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {Madanifard, Mehdi and Mazaheri, Mehrdad and Janatpoor, Nadi}, title = {Evaluation of the Neurocognitive Executive Functioning in the Musicians and Non-Musicians}, abstract ={Introduction: Playing a musical instrument requires a high motor coordination, sensory integration, and cooperation among different areas of the brain, which affects the cognitive functions. The aims of this study were to evaluate the neurocognitive executive functioning in musicians and non-musician individuals. Materials and Methods: This is a descriptive and causal-comparative (ex post facto) study. 120 people were selected through purposeful sampling method and were divided into two groups; musicians (n = 60) and non-musicians (n = 60). All subjects completed the Barkley Deficits in executive functioning scale test (BDEFS) and cognitive flexibility (CFI). Results: Our results revealed that non-musicians had poorer flexibility and executive functioning compared to musicians. In addition, the musicians who practiced for a longer period and began their training at early ages had higher scores in cognitive flexibility and executive functioning. Conclusion: These data suggest that music education and training can play an important role in promoting the levels of neurological functions.}, Keywords = {Consciousness, Psychological Phenomena, Music, Cognition, Brain}, volume = {6}, Number = {2}, pages = {60-68}, publisher = {Shefa Neuroscience Research Center}, title_fa = {ارزیابی کارکردهای عصب شناختی اجرایی در افراد نوازنده و غیر نوازنده}, abstract_fa ={مقدمه: نواختن ابزار موسیقی مستلزم هماهنگی حرکتی بالا، یکپارچگی حسی و همکاری میان مناطق مختلف مغز است که بر عملکردهای شناختی اثرگذار است. هدف از این مطالعه ارزیابی کارکردهای عصب شناختی اجرایی در افراد نوازنده و غیر نوازنده بود. مواد و روش‌ها: این یک مطالعه توصیفی و علّی –مقایسه‌ای می‌باشد. 120 نفر از طریق روش نمونه‌گیری هدفمند انتخاب شدند و به دو گروه نوازنده (60 نفر) و غیر نوازنده (60 نفر) تقسیم شدند. همه افراد پرسشنامه نارسایی کنش‌ وری اجرایی بارکلی و انعطاف‌پذیری شناختی را تکمیل نمودند. یافته‌ها: نتایج ما نشان داد که افراد غیر نوازنده انعطاف‌پذیری و کارکردهای اجرایی ضعیف‌تری در مقایسه با افراد نوازنده داشتند. همچنین نوازندگانی که برای مدت طولانی‌تری تمرین داشتند و در سنین پایین‌تر آموزش خود را شروع کردند نمرات بالاتری در انعطاف‌پذیری شناختی و کارکردهای اجرایی داشتند. نتیجه‌گیری: این داده‌ها نشان می‌دهد که آموزش و تمرینات موسیقی می‌تواند نقش مهمی در ارتقاء سطوح کارکردهای عصب شناختی داشته باشد.}, keywords_fa = {آگاهی, آثار روانشناسی, موسیقی, شناخت, مغز}, doi = {10.29252/shefa.6.2.60}, url = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1469-en.html}, eprint = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1469-en.pdf}, journal = {The Neuroscience Journal of Shefaye Khatam}, issn = {2322-1887}, eissn = {2345-4814}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {MajidzadehArdabili, Keivan and Rostami, Reza and Kazemi, Rez}, title = {Electrophysiological Correlates of Listening to the Recitation of Quran}, abstract ={Introduction: Spirituality and religion have an important role in human health and behavior. Referring to religious sources are one of the solutions that people seek during experience of life stress. Listening to the recitation of Quran has been suggested to alleviate the life stress. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of listening to the recitation of the holy Quran on the brain functions in healthy people. Materials and Methods: 52 healthy subjects were recruited based on convenience sampling and were randomly placed into two groups. Quantitative Electroencephalography (qEEG) was recorded while the experimental group were listening to surah Al-Insan (experimental group), control group were listening to an Arabic text (control group). Brain activities were recorded and analyzed. Results: There were differences between the brain waves of the experimental and control groups. In the experimental group, all EEG frequency bands were decreased and the most of frequency bands changes observed in fronto-temporal pathway. In the control group, decrease in beta, high beta, gamma, gamma 1, gamma 2 and high gamma was evident in the central regions. In comparison to the control group, beta and gamma frequency bands increased in the experimental group. Conclusion: Changes in the EEG frequency bands of fronto-temporal pathway of listening to the recitation of Quran suggest the potential use of that in alleviation of psychological disorders.}, Keywords = {Neurosciences, Spirituality, Brain waves}, volume = {6}, Number = {2}, pages = {69-81}, publisher = {Shefa Neuroscience Research Center}, title_fa = {همبسته‌های الکتروفیزیولوژیک شنیدن تلاوت قرآن کریم}, abstract_fa ={مقدمه: معنویت و مذهب نقش مهمی در سلامت و رفتار انسان دارند. مراجعه به منابع مذهبی یکی از راهکارهایی است که مردم در طول تجربه استرس زندگی به دنبال آن هستند. شنیدن تلاوت قرآن کریم برای کاهش استرس زندگی پیشنهاد شده است. هدف از این مطالعه تعیین اثرات شنیدن تلاوت قرآن کریم بر عملکردهای مغز در افراد سالم بود. مواد و روش‌ها: 52 نفر از افراد سالم بر اساس نمونه‌گیری در دسترس انتخاب شدند و به صورت تصادفی به دو گروه تقسیم شدند. الکتروآنسفالوگرافی کمّی زمانی که گروه آزمایش سوره انسان را شنیدند (گروه آزمایش)، گروه کنترل به یک متن عربی گوش دادند (گروه کنترل) ثبت شد. فعالیت‌های مغز ثبت و تجزیه و تحلیل شد. یافته‌ها: بین امواج مغزی گروه آزمایش و کنترل تفاوت‌هایی وجود داشت. در گروه آزمایش تمامی باندهای فرکانسی الکتروآنسفالوگرافی کاهش یافته و اکثر تغییرات باندهای فرکانسی در مسیر پیشانی –گیجگاهی مشاهده شد. در گروه کنترل کاهش در بتا، بتا بالا، گاما، گاما 1، گاما 2 و گاما بالا در نواحی مرکزی مشهود بود. باندهای فرکانسی بتا و گاما در گروه آزمایش در مقایسه با گروه کنترل افزایش یافت. نتیجه‌گیری: تغییرات در باندهای فرکانسی الکتروآنسفالوگرافی مدار پیشانی –گیجگاهی شنیدن تلاوت قرآن کریم، استفاده کاربردی از آن را در کاهش استرس زندگی پیشنهاد می‌دهد.}, keywords_fa = {علوم اعصاب, معنویت, امواج مغزی}, doi = {10.29252/shefa.6.2.69}, url = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1468-en.html}, eprint = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1468-en.pdf}, journal = {The Neuroscience Journal of Shefaye Khatam}, issn = {2322-1887}, eissn = {2345-4814}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {Saeedi, Chim}, title = {Investigation of Dysfunction in the Neural Systems Underlying Social Perception, Action Observation and Theory of Mind in Autism Spectrum Disorders}, abstract ={Introduction: Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) are neurodevelopmental disorders that are characterized by difficulties in social communication and social interaction as well as by restricted and repetitive behaviors, interests or activities. Researches within the field of social neuroscience demonstrate that social functioning deficits in ASD may arise from dysfunctions in the neural systems that implicate in social information processing. In this study, existing research related to the neural basis of three key neural systems underlying social information processing (social perception, action observation, and theory of mind and malfunction of neural systems) in ASD have been reviewed. The results indicate that there is atypical activation in brain regions involved in social perception (the posterior superior temporal sulcus (PSTS), the amygdala, the orbitofrontal cortex, and the fusiform gyrus), in regions associated with action observation consist of mirror neurons system and its three interconnected areas (PSTS, the inferior frontal gyrus, and the inferior parietal lobule), and in regions assign to theory of mind (the medial prefrontal cortex, the tempro-parietal junction, PSTS, the posterior cingulate cortex/precuneus, and the anterior temporal lobes). Conclusion: These results indicate aberrant social information processing in ASD and define it as deficits in the neural systems involved in social perception, action understanding, and theory of mind. These findings provide a foundation for understanding the neural mechanisms underlying social deficits in ASD and highlight the role of PSTS as a common region in all three systems. }, Keywords = {Autism Spectrum Disorder, Social Perception, Theory of Mind}, volume = {6}, Number = {2}, pages = {82-93}, publisher = {Shefa Neuroscience Research Center}, title_fa = {بررسی اختلال در سیستم‌های عصبی اساسی ادراک اجتماعی، مشاهده عمل و نظریه ذهن در اختلالات طیف اوتیسم}, abstract_fa ={مقدمه: اختلالات طیف اوتیسم، اختلالات رشدی عصبی هستند که با مشکلاتی در ارتباطات اجتماعی و تعاملات اجتماعی و همچنین رفتارها، علایق و فعالیت‌های محدود و تکراری مشخص می‌شوند. پژوهش‌ها در حوزه علوم اعصاب اجتماعی نشان می‌دهد که کاستی‌های عملکرد اجتماعی در اختلالات طیف اوتیسم ممکن است از اختلالات در سیستم‌های عصبی حاصل شود که در پردازش اطلاعات اجتماعی دخیل هستند. در این مطالعه پژوهش‌های مرتبط با مبانی عصبی سه سیستم عصبی کلیدی پردازش اطلاعات اجتماعی اساسی (ادراک اجتماعی، مشاهده عمل و نظریه ذهن و سوء عمل سیستم‌های عصبی) در اختلالات طیف اوتیسم مرور گردید. نتایج نشان داد که فعالیت ناهنجار در نواحی مغزی دخیل در ادراک اجتماعی (شیار گیجگاهی فوقانی خلفی، آمیگدال، قشر اوربیتوفرونتال و شکنج فوزیفرم) در مناطق مرتبط با مشاهده عمل اعم از نظام اعصاب آیینه‌ای و سه ناحیه بهم پیوسته آن (شیار گیجگاهی فوقانی خلفی، شکنج پیشانی تحتانی و لوبول آهیانه‌ای تحتانی) و در مناطق اختصاص یافته به نظریه ذهن (قشر پری فرونتال میانی، پیوندگاه گیجگاهی –آهیانه‌ای، شیار گیجگاهی فوقانی خلفی، قشر کمربندی خلفی/پری کانئوس و لوب گیجگاهی قدامی) است. نتیجه‌گیری: این نتایج حاکی از پردازش ناهنجار اطلاعات اجتماعی در اختلالات طیف اوتیسم است و به‌عنوان نقص‌های سیستم‌های عصبی درگیر در ادراک اجتماعی، فهم عمل و نظریه ذهن تعریف گردد. این یافته‌ها چارچوبی برای درک مکانیسم‌های عصبی زیربنای کاستی‌های اجتماعی در اختلالات طیف اوتیسم فراهم ساخته و نقش شیار گیجگاهی فوقانی خلفی به‌عنوان یک ناحیه مشترک در هر سه سیستم برجسته می‌سازد.}, keywords_fa = {اختلالات طیف اوتیسم, ادراک اجتماعی, نظریه ذهن}, doi = {10.29252/shefa.6.2.82}, url = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1476-en.html}, eprint = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1476-en.pdf}, journal = {The Neuroscience Journal of Shefaye Khatam}, issn = {2322-1887}, eissn = {2345-4814}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {Behroozi, Zahra and Atefimanesh, Pezhman and Karimzadeh, Farib}, title = {Structural and Metabolic Biomarkers in Multiple Sclerosis}, abstract ={Introduction: Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is a chronic progressive course of illness that leads to the widespread pathological processes of neurodegeneration, including neuroaxonal damage, apoptosis and gliosis. Due to complex mechanisms involve in the pathophysiology of MS, finding valid biomarkers is very difficult. However, finding the effective biomarkers that are more sensitive and be able to determine the level of activity and course of the disease is necessary. Today, several biomarkers with high efficacy have been introduced to design the initial therapy, to evaluate the response to drug treatments, and to identify early diagnosis and different stages of the disease. This study was aimed to review different known biomarkers to diagnose the MS. Conclusion: The complicity of MS and the important role of biomarkers in the diagnosis of MS focus lead to several studies to evaluate the most effective biomarkers. The findings indicate that the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers are more valid compared to plasma biomarkers. CSF biomarkers are not influenced by the circadian rhythm and circulate in the subarachnoid space, which is in close proximity to sites of neuroinflammatory lesions in MS. Among structural biomarkers, magnetic resonance imaging is the most practicable methods for MS diagnosis.}, Keywords = {Multiple Sclerosis, Biomarkers, Spinal cord}, volume = {6}, Number = {2}, pages = {94-108}, publisher = {Shefa Neuroscience Research Center}, title_fa = {نشانگرهای زیستی ساختاری و متابولیتی در مالتیپل اسکلروز}, abstract_fa ={مقدمه: مالتیپل اسکلروز یک دوره مزمن پیشرونده بیماری است که باعث گسترش مسیرهای پاتولوژیکی تخریب نورونی مانند آسیب نوروآکسونی، آپوپتوز و گلیوز می‌شود. به علت پیچیدگی مکانیسم‌های دخیل در پاتوفیزیولوژی بیماری مالتیپل اسکلروز یافتن نشانگرهای زیستی معتبر بسیار دشوار است. با این حال یافتن نشانگرهای زیستی مؤثر که از حساسیت بالایی برخوردار هستند و قادر به تعیین سطح فعالیت و دوره بیماری باشد ضروری است. امروزه چندین نشانگر زیستی با تأثیر بالا در طراحی درمان اولیه، ارزیابی پاسخ به درمان‌های دارویی و تشخیص زودرس و تشخیص مراحل مختلف بیماری معرفی شده‌اند. هدف از این مطالعه مرور نشانگرهای زیستی مختلف شناخته شده در تشخیص مالتیپل اسکلروز است. نتیجه‌گیری: پیچیدگی بیماری مالتیپل اسکلروز و نقش مهم نشانگرهای زیستی در تشخیص بیماری مالتیپل اسکلروز منجر به تمرکز مطالعات مختلفی برای ارزیابی مؤثرترین نشانگرهای زیستی شده است. یافته‌ها حاکی از آنند که نشانگرهای زیستی مایع مغزی –نخاعی نسبت به نشانگرهای زیستی پلاسما معتبرترند. نشانگرهای زیستی مایع مغزی –نخاعی تحت تأثیر ریتم سیرکاردین قرار نمی‌گیرند و در فضای زیر عنکبوتیه در گردش هستند که در تماس نزدیک با آسیب‌های سیستم عصبی و التهابی در بیماری مالتیپل اسکلروز هستند. در میان نشانگرهای زیستی ساختاری، تصویربرداری رزونانس مغناطیسی پرکاربردترین روش‌ها در تشخیص بیماری مالتیپل اسکلروز می‌باشد.}, keywords_fa = {مالتیپل اسکلروز, نشانگرهای زیستی, طناب نخاعی}, doi = {10.29252/shefa.6.2.94}, url = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1467-en.html}, eprint = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1467-en.pdf}, journal = {The Neuroscience Journal of Shefaye Khatam}, issn = {2322-1887}, eissn = {2345-4814}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {}, title = {Abstract Book of the Third Conference on Talent Management in the Third Millennium}, abstract ={The Supplement of the Neuroscience Journal of Shefaye Khatam.}, Keywords = {}, volume = {6}, Number = {1}, pages = {0-0}, publisher = {Shefa Neuroscience Research Center}, title_fa = {Abstract Book of the Third Conference on Talent Management in the Third Millennium}, abstract_fa ={.The Supplement of the Neuroscience Journal of Shefaye Khatam}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1487-en.html}, eprint = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1487-en.pdf}, journal = {The Neuroscience Journal of Shefaye Khatam}, issn = {2322-1887}, eissn = {2345-4814}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {Peñano-Ho, Letici}, title = {O1- Giftedness: Paradigm for National Development}, abstract ={Ang Pilipinong Pantas Para Sa Sambayanang Pilipinas (The Filipino Gifted for The Philippines) is the hash tag of the Philippine Center for Gifted Education (PCGE). With its trifocal core values of Equity- Divergence-Excellence, it has established a paradigm for giftedness which can serve as a blueprint for developing countries. The world’s giftedness map is differentiated by local culture based on social, economic, and natural environment demands. Cultural and social correlates determine what a people, country considers to be important as it national goals and, therefore, should provide opportunities for development. It is a country’s loss if it does not create opportunities for gifted people who eventually migrate to another site to achieve their potential. Research has shown the development of new variables included in the definition of giftedness. Giftedness is in search of a definition which can aptly define what a culture demands and, consequently, how it identifies the gifted, nurture it and ensure its end product.  Gifted persons inspire awe from people because of their speed in learning and innovative ideas. But this awe needs to be supported by pillars which are FUNDS for national development:                 Finding the gifted                 Understanding the gifted                 Nurturing the gifted                 Developing the gifted for}, Keywords = {Giftedness, Cultural, Education}, volume = {6}, Number = {1}, pages = {1-1}, publisher = {Shefa Neuroscience Research Center}, title_fa = {O1- Giftedness: Paradigm for National Development}, abstract_fa ={لطفاً به چکیده انگلیسی مراجعه شود.}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1488-en.html}, eprint = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1488-en.pdf}, journal = {The Neuroscience Journal of Shefaye Khatam}, issn = {2322-1887}, eissn = {2345-4814}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {Ziegler, Albert}, title = {O2- Gifted Identification in the 21st Century}, abstract ={Traditionally gifted identification tries to identify persons with specific traits which presumably indicate extraordinary learning potentials. A modern alternative is to try to identify the persons with the most promising learning pathways. Thus, the modern approach of identification is not only directed at the presence, but it is rather future-oriented and its focus is the dynamics of the process of successful talent development. In this contribution talent development is treated under the aspects of adaptation and regulation. First, several identifying characteristics of talent development are given. It is proposed that it can best be interpreted as a process of adaptation to specific learning environments. Its result is functional action repertoires in talent domains. Two types of regulation are distinguished: homeostatic and Homeorhesis. This is followed by replies to two central questions: Who regulates and what is regulated during talent development? Here endogenous and exogenous resources are discussed and the concepts ‘educational capital’ and ‘learning capital’ are introduced. To conclude, a thorough re-orientation of gifted identification is advocated. In support of the regulation processes necessary during the development of excellence, attention to four principles is recommended: 1) The principle of the co-evolution of the components of the actiotope, 2) the principle of dynamic-interactive regulation, 3) the principle of capital orientation, and 4) the constructivist, or learning pathway principle.}, Keywords = {Talent, Dynamic-Interactive Regulation, Constructivist}, volume = {6}, Number = {1}, pages = {2-2}, publisher = {Shefa Neuroscience Research Center}, title_fa = {O2- Gifted Identification in the 21st Century}, abstract_fa ={لطفاً به چکیده انگلیسی مراجعه شود.}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1489-en.html}, eprint = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1489-en.pdf}, journal = {The Neuroscience Journal of Shefaye Khatam}, issn = {2322-1887}, eissn = {2345-4814}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {Stoeger, Heidru}, title = {O3- Presentation: Talent Development for Women}, abstract ={The presentation will start with research findings and statistics pertaining to the career paths taken by gifted women. A discussion will then follow of key findings of longitudinal studies on the career paths of girls who had been identified as being gifted. Consideration will also be given to the participation rates of girls and women in various talent domains as well as within educational and corporate hierarchies. While the talent-development trajectories of gifted women have improved somewhat in recent years, inequitable gender differences on talent-development outcomes persist. I will interpret findings on why this is so, looking at both individual-level explanatory variables (e.g., motivation, interest, confidence in one’s own abilities, and attributions) and context-based explanatory models (e.g., stereotyping, expectations, third-party opinions, opportunity structures, and social norms with respect to employment and family activities). The presentation will conclude with a description of possible interventions for reducing gender differences and helping women to make the most out of their talents—especially in domains in which they remain underrepresented.}, Keywords = {Women, talent, development}, volume = {6}, Number = {1}, pages = {3-3}, publisher = {Shefa Neuroscience Research Center}, title_fa = {O3- Presentation: Talent Development for Women}, abstract_fa ={لطفاً به چکیده انگلیسی مراجعه شود.}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1490-en.html}, eprint = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1490-en.pdf}, journal = {The Neuroscience Journal of Shefaye Khatam}, issn = {2322-1887}, eissn = {2345-4814}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {Sak, Ugur}, title = {O4- Multipliers of Talent Development}, abstract ={This talk will include a discussion of the influence of multipliers on the transformation of early childhood proclivities into adult competencies. The interaction between innate skills and competence and person and environment usually is initiated by early developed skills and produces a type of multiplier over time on the development of intellectual abilities (Dickens & Flynn, 2001). Each increase in innate skill causes a slight increase in competence and the increase in competence initiates better designs in environment. In turn, the better environment further increases competence. This reciprocal causation between skills-competence and person-environment produces faster rates of subsequent development. The effect of multipliers was investigated in children’s reading skills. Children who were better in reading in their early years compared to those children who were poor readers got much better readers later in their life. It is hypothesized that early advantages can bring about reciprocal causation between the development of reading skills and reading itself. Such effects also were partly proven by the author’s research in mathematics besides reading. Gifted students who had better skills in reading and mathematics at first grade did indeed better in later grades. In terms of person-environment relationships, a wider social change slightly rises the average competence of the society. This slight enhancement in the competence of the society slightly increases its individuals’ performances because of the high demand in the society. In turn, the small increase in individual performance further improves the quality of group environment. This interaction process produces significant ability differences between generations. For example, men’s 100-meter world record was 10.60 seconds in 1912 and 9.58 in 2009. That is, social changes, “such as invention of tv, increase in interest in sport and increase in Olympiads” multiplied the development of talent in sport. This presentation will include a critics of well-known effect models such as Matthew effect, social multipliers and dynamical systems and their influences on talent development and on the development of society as a whole.}, Keywords = {Children, Talent, Skills, Grades}, volume = {6}, Number = {1}, pages = {4-4}, publisher = {Shefa Neuroscience Research Center}, title_fa = {O4- Multipliers of Talent Development}, abstract_fa ={لطفاً به چکیده انگلیسی مراجعه شود.}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1491-en.html}, eprint = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1491-en.pdf}, journal = {The Neuroscience Journal of Shefaye Khatam}, issn = {2322-1887}, eissn = {2345-4814}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {Klingner, Roy}, title = {O5- The Best Practice in Supporting Gifted and Talented Children in 21st Century}, abstract ={Who is Gifted? What is Talent? It is sometimes a challenge to identify Gifted and Talented Children with different cultural backgrounds. Even though it is very important to understand the hidden potential in a child as soon as possible. In this presentation, I will share my experiences that I made after years working with gifted children from all around the world. There are many factors that we should analyze first when we want to support them in 21st century.}, Keywords = {Children, Talent, challenge}, volume = {6}, Number = {1}, pages = {5-5}, publisher = {Shefa Neuroscience Research Center}, title_fa = {O5- The Best Practice in Supporting Gifted and Talented Children in 21st Century}, abstract_fa ={لطفاً به چکیده انگلیسی مراجعه شود.}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1492-en.html}, eprint = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1492-en.pdf}, journal = {The Neuroscience Journal of Shefaye Khatam}, issn = {2322-1887}, eissn = {2345-4814}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {Rahmati, Robabe and RezaMohsenPour, Mohse}, title = {P1- Pathology of Talent Management in Research Sector of Brilliant Talent Schools}, abstract ={Nowadays, the necessity of using talent management to increase the productivity of organizations, such as organization of education, is being felt more than ever. This research was carried out to evaluate the current challenges in the implementation and management of projects and inventions in the brilliant talents schools in Alborz city. This research is a field survey type of study and the research population included all female students, supervisors, and research authorities in Farzaneghan schools of Karaj in the academic year of 2016-2017. The researcher-developed open-ended questionnaire was used as tool in this research. From professors’ perspective, 13 factors were proposed as main barriers and challenges of talent management in the research sector of talented students, which the most important of them was paying attention to memorizing rather than thinking in the education system factor with 87%. From the students’ perspective, 10 factors were proposed in this regard, which the most important of them was the great barrier of university entrance exam with 89%. As a result, planning and eliminating these barriers is considered as necessities of talent management in the Iran’s education system.}, Keywords = {Talent Management, Brilliant Talents, Sampad School, Research}, volume = {6}, Number = {1}, pages = {6-6}, publisher = {Shefa Neuroscience Research Center}, title_fa = {P1- Pathology of Talent Management in Research Sector of Brilliant Talent Schools}, abstract_fa ={لطفاً به چکیده انگلیسی مراجعه شود.}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1495-en.html}, eprint = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1495-en.pdf}, journal = {The Neuroscience Journal of Shefaye Khatam}, issn = {2322-1887}, eissn = {2345-4814}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {Bararpour, Golrokh and Rahimi, Zahr}, title = {P2- A Study on Academic Performance and Social Development of Students Who Do Grade-Skipping}, abstract ={The main purpose of this research is to study the effects of academic acceleration on gifted students. This study examines the different perspectives of student`s academic performance such as science, mathematics and reading. In addition to socio-emotional skills and home learning environment of these students have compared with non-accelerated students. This study is part of a longitudinal study, with 364 students from four provinces of Iran that are Tehran, Hamedan, Gilan and Hormozgan. Some of these students have skipped from the second grade to the fourth grade in 2012-2013. They have been matched with two peer groups by considering the gender, intelligence, and economic-social status (R.B. Cattle test was used to match the intelligence). acceleration students (R.B. Cattle test was used to match the intelligence). The results of this study do not show any significant difference between accelerated and non-accelerated students in any of the above domains, and it seems that one grade skipping does not cause a significant difference in performance of accelerated students.}, Keywords = {Academic Acceleration, Grade- Skipping, Mathematics, Science, Reading, Social Skills, Home Learning Environment}, volume = {6}, Number = {1}, pages = {7-7}, publisher = {Shefa Neuroscience Research Center}, title_fa = {P2- A Study on Academic Performance and Social Development of Students Who Do Grade-Skipping}, abstract_fa ={لطفاً به چکیده انگلیسی مراجعه شود.}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1496-en.html}, eprint = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1496-en.pdf}, journal = {The Neuroscience Journal of Shefaye Khatam}, issn = {2322-1887}, eissn = {2345-4814}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {Rahimnia, Fariborz and Ghaderi, Farsh}, title = {P3- Investigating the Role of Talent Management Mediator in the Relationship between Global Mentality and Foreign Knowledge Management with Organizational Performance}, abstract ={The fact that human resources today are the most important competitive factor among organizations is very evident. Meanwhile, identification and management of the talents of this manpower is an important factor in gaining competitive advantage in the organization's human resources. Talent management is defined as a tool for identifying, hiring, nurturing, upholding and maintaining prone individuals with the goal of optimizing the organization's ability to realize business outcomes. Given the fundamental role of human resources in all parts of the organization, the whole operation of the organization is influenced by human resources, but for the benefit of the organization, the organization must be under the influence of talent management to achieve productivity. So, firstly, the talents related to talent management are fully explained, and then the productivity of human resources and related factors is important, and it is important to note that the role of employee mentality is also largely due to the shift in productivity that is associated with This topic has also been discussed. Subsequently, with the presentation of the integrated model, the role of talent management has been shown in promoting business performance. Using the results of this research, it is possible to manage the human resources of the organization in such a way that the existing talent can lead to more and better performance.}, Keywords = {Talent Management, Global Mindset, External Knowledge Management, Organizational Performance}, volume = {6}, Number = {1}, pages = {8-8}, publisher = {Shefa Neuroscience Research Center}, title_fa = {P3- Investigating the Role of Talent Management Mediator in the Relationship between Global Mentality and Foreign Knowledge Management with Organizational Performance}, abstract_fa ={لطفاً به چکیده انگلیسی مراجعه شود.}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1497-en.html}, eprint = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1497-en.pdf}, journal = {The Neuroscience Journal of Shefaye Khatam}, issn = {2322-1887}, eissn = {2345-4814}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {Jamed, Hourieh}, title = {P4- Study on Characteristics and Environmental Features of Female Entrepreneur Managers in Iran}, abstract ={The century is the beginning in the field of the exploration and promotion of human talents, and this important thing will not be achieved except by reviewing and treating the hidden reserves of human beings. white a careful look around the world we will find people who have discovered talents and presented new ideas that have led to the dynamism and creation of productive organizations. This leading force in the world is now entrepreneurs. this research has been devoted to the impact of personality and environmental characteristics on the level of entrepreneurship among female managers in the country. According to the women's selection criteria for entrepreneurship, which should be effective in gross domestic product and lead to a large number of people, 50 people were selected from all over the Iran. The sample was selected by the community due to the limited statistical population. The data were collected and analyzed using six social entrepreneurship self-assessment questionnaires, personality traits, creativity, emotional intelligence and organizational support. Findings of this study showed that there is a significant relation between personality characteristics, emotional intelligence, creativity, organizational support and entrepreneurship. In the meanwhile, the creativity variable with the correlation coefficient (0.425) has the highest correlation with entrepreneurship. Also, among personality traits (A+, C+, E+, O+, N-), Neuroticism has a reverse effect on female entrepreneurship as the only factor. Higher levels of extraversion, openness to experience, responsibility, creativity, and emotional intelligence show the impact of personality on the incidence of female entrepreneurship.}, Keywords = {Entrepreneurship, Personality Traits, Environmental Features, Organizational Support}, volume = {6}, Number = {1}, pages = {9-9}, publisher = {Shefa Neuroscience Research Center}, title_fa = {P4- Study on Characteristics and Environmental Features of Female Entrepreneur Managers in Iran}, abstract_fa ={لطفاً به چکیده انگلیسی مراجعه شود.}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1498-en.html}, eprint = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1498-en.pdf}, journal = {The Neuroscience Journal of Shefaye Khatam}, issn = {2322-1887}, eissn = {2345-4814}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {Rezaei, Rez}, title = {P5- Review of Problems in Sport Lesson in Schools from the Viewpoint of Sports Teachers}, abstract ={Aims of Education in schools by offering various courses to students realized Yabd.trbyt physical education programs that are part of other courses as well as a significant share Drtrbyt Vtndrsty young generation. Research is trying to deal with problems existing physical education in schools in the province in high school physical education from the perspective of the authorities, principals, teachers, PE and non-PE men and women, students, athletes and non-athletes, girls and boys can show a picture of the current reality and also provide59 persons), directors of secondary schools (973 students), teachers of physical education (433 students), teachers, non-PE (8106 people), students, athletes and non-athletes (269 142 people), sample clustering, classification with respect to the sample ( 100% physical education officials, school principals 14/5 per cent, physical education teachers 29/11 percent, non-physical education teachers 62 / tenths of a percent, and students athletes and non-athletes 04 / hundredths of a percent of the important results of this study are: 1. all groups studied (all groups) first priority problems of physical education and sport have considered impossible. 2. Physical Education authorities (09/93%) and school administrators (58/75%) in place of physical education in the school system Vmtqdnd Rakhyly well have evaluated the physical education in its real position was.}, Keywords = {Physical Education, Sports, Spirituality, Education}, volume = {6}, Number = {1}, pages = {10-10}, publisher = {Shefa Neuroscience Research Center}, title_fa = {P5- Review of Problems in Sport Lesson in Schools from the Viewpoint of Sports Teachers}, abstract_fa ={لطفاً به چکیده انگلیسی مراجعه شود.}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1499-en.html}, eprint = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1499-en.pdf}, journal = {The Neuroscience Journal of Shefaye Khatam}, issn = {2322-1887}, eissn = {2345-4814}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {Rahimiaghdam, Sam}, title = {P6- Talent Management Strategy and Create Sustainable Competitive Advantage in Insurance Industry}, abstract ={The aim of this research is to explain the scientific foundation and offer practical strategy for creating sustainable competitive advantage in insurance industry based on talent management. The research is applied from goal perspective and descriptive from data collection type and it is casual according to relationship among variables .The data were collected by talent management questionnaire and sustainable competitive advantage questionnaire. The research statistical population consisted of managers and experts of the 11 superior insurance firms in east Azerbaijan province. The statistical volume was determined 305 individuals by using Cochran formula in confidence level of %95 that they were selected by simple random and cluster sampling method. The results of structural equations modeling showed that talent management by recognition coefficient of 0/85 is the strong predictor of sustainable competitive advantage. According to the role of talent management in creation of the sustainable competitive advantage, this research can solve the problems of the chief mangers in talent management aligned with creation of sustainable competitive advantage in this industry.  }, Keywords = {Talent Management, Sustainable Competitive Advantage, Resource Based View, Insurance Industry}, volume = {6}, Number = {1}, pages = {11-11}, publisher = {Shefa Neuroscience Research Center}, title_fa = {P6- Talent Management Strategy and Create Sustainable Competitive Advantage in Insurance Industry}, abstract_fa ={لطفاً به چکیده انگلیسی مراجعه شود.}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1500-en.html}, eprint = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1500-en.pdf}, journal = {The Neuroscience Journal of Shefaye Khatam}, issn = {2322-1887}, eissn = {2345-4814}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {Hamzeh’i, Alirez}, title = {P7- Manage the Talent Development of Future-Generation with a Multidimensional Talent Model}, abstract ={The nature of economic, social, cultural and managerial issues is changing. We should not look at human beings with the view of a tool, but today human wealth, in particular with the view of human dignity, is the main focus of the knowledge economy. Human not only create development, but it is development goal, not developmental tools. Families, organizations and governments must change in the paradigm of dealing with humans. Man is not the modern slave of the capitalist system and liberalism, but his dignity must be preserved and his abilities and talent for the creation of the world should flourish. The concept of talent management, which has been developed since 1981, is more of a concept for human resource professionals who talk about how to attract, develop and maintain talent and motivate employees in companies. But the concept that is mentioned in this study is based on theoretical foundations and Philosophical vision that are referred to the "development of future generation talents". This concept emanates from a functional concept in business management, in a broader sense of education, and the creation of value from "human capabilities" and special respect for human dignity. In this research, we have tried to explain the views of the thinkers first and then explain the theoretical foundations of the research based on the new attitude to man and explain the author's view by exploring comprehensive literature on the subject with ontological and epistemological perception. Then, with a review of extracted models, a special model should be designed.}, Keywords = {Human, Intelligence, Personality, Management, Talent Development}, volume = {6}, Number = {1}, pages = {12-12}, publisher = {Shefa Neuroscience Research Center}, title_fa = {P7- Manage the Talent Development of Future-Generation with a Multidimensional Talent Model}, abstract_fa ={لطفاً به چکیده انگلیسی مراجعه شود.}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1501-en.html}, eprint = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1501-en.pdf}, journal = {The Neuroscience Journal of Shefaye Khatam}, issn = {2322-1887}, eissn = {2345-4814}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {Moeini, Maryam}, title = {P8- Talent Management Strategies by Attitude of Cognitive Semantics of Growth in the Quran}, abstract ={This paper deals with the descriptive analytic approach to the importance of managing talents and its solutions from the point of view of the Quran. Educational fundamentals in the Qur'an address the talents, possibilities and necessities of man as well as talent management practices. Educational foundations are divided into three categories: scientific, philosophical and religious, in which only religious principles are discussed in this article. Principles of Education Each vision of its educational foundations will be followed by its own methods and techniques. The achievement of true welfare is not possible without the "safe life for the growth and development of human talents". What we need today is to know the importance of investment and cultural planning accurately to achieve talent management. To achieve this, we need to understand the principles and practices proposed by the human creator. Principles and methods of education have been proposed in the Holy Qur'an, which can regulate persons, family and social arenas and solve these problems. The key question is whether all human abilities are arranged linearly and consecutively? Is there a pivotal talent helping to grow all talent?}, Keywords = {Human, Quran, Growth, Semantics, Talent Management}, volume = {6}, Number = {1}, pages = {13-13}, publisher = {Shefa Neuroscience Research Center}, title_fa = {P8- Talent Management Strategies by Attitude of Cognitive Semantics of Growth in the Quran}, abstract_fa ={لطفاً به چکیده انگلیسی مراجعه شود.}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1502-en.html}, eprint = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1502-en.pdf}, journal = {The Neuroscience Journal of Shefaye Khatam}, issn = {2322-1887}, eissn = {2345-4814}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {Ardeshiri, Bahareh}, title = {P9- Talent Management and Dynamic View of Talent in Small and Medium Enterprises}, abstract ={Talent Management (TM) has become one of the key strategic issues for leaders in global organizations and the majority of research on TM focuses on the large multinational enterprise (MNE) context. Despite the importance of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), research in the area of talent management in this context is scare, particularly conceptual research. This paper tries to address this gap by a) providing a theoretical rationale for the difference between large and SME firms in their talent management and human resource practice; b) exploring the applicability of the notion of talent management conceptualized in large firms to the SME context. c)  proposing a framework that helps identify the characteristics of talent in SMEs. We are critical of the best practices approach and we argue that the notion of talent management is likely to be different in SMEs compared with large firms mainly due to distinct institutional and structural factors.}, Keywords = {Talent Management, Structural Factor, Multinational Enterprise}, volume = {6}, Number = {1}, pages = {14-14}, publisher = {Shefa Neuroscience Research Center}, title_fa = {P9- Talent Management and Dynamic View of Talent in Small and Medium Enterprises}, abstract_fa ={لطفاً به چکیده انگلیسی مراجعه شود.}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1503-en.html}, eprint = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1503-en.pdf}, journal = {The Neuroscience Journal of Shefaye Khatam}, issn = {2322-1887}, eissn = {2345-4814}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {Mohammadi, Ali}, title = {P10- The Role of Social Media in Managing the Talent of Educational and Organizational Systems}, abstract ={Modern technology, especially ICT and its relationship with education is the subject, which education system and any organization faces it in the 21st century, and what is arisen here as a new issue is the use of modern information and communication technology in the teaching -learning and keeping talent process. This study was carried out using library method with the aim of investigating the role of social media in talent management. By reviewing the theoretical and research literature on the subject, we can conclude that the use of communication technology in education means that we should bring this technology into classroom and use it in the learning process so that students will get a constructive attitude toward this technology. Also, one of the important motivations for attracting and keeping talents in the organizational system is to provide the opportunity to learn. In the age of technology, the attraction of organizations is that they can provide learning opportunity for employees. For these people, access to opportunities for learning, growth and work in challenging plans is more important than salary and benefits. Undoubtedly, the media plays a very effective and facilitating role in this field.}, Keywords = {Social Media, Talent Management, Educational System, Organizational System}, volume = {6}, Number = {1}, pages = {15-15}, publisher = {Shefa Neuroscience Research Center}, title_fa = {P10- The Role of Social Media in Managing the Talent of Educational and Organizational Systems}, abstract_fa ={لطفاً به چکیده انگلیسی مراجعه شود.}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1504-en.html}, eprint = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1504-en.pdf}, journal = {The Neuroscience Journal of Shefaye Khatam}, issn = {2322-1887}, eissn = {2345-4814}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {DehghanTezerjani, Mahnaz and Banshi, Ali Rez}, title = {P11-Why Cannot We Assess Aptitude in Iran?}, abstract ={In Iran, there has not yet been a specialist course at university for aptitude assessment, so definitions of intelligence, talent, aptitude and talent management have been used in the same manner. Based on this attitude, the work in this area has been in career development and guidance, not aptitude assessment; intelligence tests were often used and talents were not considered. For this reason, the purpose of this review article is to describe concepts and methods for aptitude assessment (pencil-paper tests, brain waves in neuroscience and genetics) and the problems of these methods in Iran. In the end, considering the prevalence of tests in measuring talent and aptitude, the problems of existing tests, that have no norms in Iran, have been addressed.}, Keywords = {Aptitude, Multidimensional Aptitude Battery, Intelligence, Genius, Talent Management}, volume = {6}, Number = {1}, pages = {16-16}, publisher = {Shefa Neuroscience Research Center}, title_fa = {P11-Why Cannot We Assess Aptitude in Iran}, abstract_fa ={لطفاً به چکیده انگلیسی مراجعه شود.}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1505-en.html}, eprint = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1505-en.pdf}, journal = {The Neuroscience Journal of Shefaye Khatam}, issn = {2322-1887}, eissn = {2345-4814}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {Eizadifard, Razieh}, title = {P12- Tradition and Modernity Contrast, Challenge Ahead Talent Nurture}, abstract ={Societies that are transitioning from traditional to modern society will feel the generation gap, because in these societies, traditional values and patterns have rapidly dimmed, and on the other hand, norms of modernity in society not institutionalized. This issue appears in education system and then the talent development of students. The point that is disturbing is the consequences of this educational culture of society and families are child trouble and inadequacy in their education. According to what is prevalent in society, this proposition becomes objective, that we are only modernized in appearance, but we do not know the depth of these appearances, and it caused root problems. Providing a precise definition of many items, especially traditions, has created challenges that we were not able to overcome. Education in Iran have distance from its modern functions, and most of the energy and resources spend on the common level of education, namely, knowledge (memorization), and its ultimate goal is acceptance at the university, neglecting the cultivation of knowledgeable, capable, socially responsible citizens. The contrast between tradition and modernity affects students' ability and talent from two aspects. On one hand, families may prohibit their children from following the paths they are interested in, by imposing their traditional intellectual roots. On the other hand education system can Challenge the process of developing student talent by traditional educational methods that are not yet updated, such as homework based, dictation based, score based, Entrance Exam based, document based and lack of facilities and educational spaces. Part of the problems and issues of education system are rooted in the views and attitudes of the families. The family is more concerned with their children job prospects, and therefore, it has Material view for education and fostering talent. But parents are not even guilty of this issue because they are not trained and shadowed by incorrect educational culture all their spheres of life. The complexities of today's life and the confrontation between tradition and modernity have doubled the need to teach life skills. Unfortunately, there is no place in our education system. Part of our educational system problems are rooted in formal and compulsory education. Official and compulsory education is in contrast to the nature and spirit of children. Children are forced to go to school in accordance with the home and school curriculum and they have almost no power and role in choosing a course, class, school, teacher, book, homework, grade, and exam. In this space, the talent and creativity and joy of the kids are ignored and tension and agitation, anxiety and frustration are easily generated. If we want education, burden both of modern science and technology and tradition, we need a thorough and effective theory. In addition to the challenges of tradition and modernity, the issues of globalization and the rapid pace of scientific, intellectual and cultural developments, especially in the field of communication and media, have become a challenging issue for our educational institutions. The rapid pace of those developments has led to a generation gap, a gap between parents and children, a gap between teachers and educators with students, and finally a gap between the clergy and the younger generation.}, Keywords = {Tradition, Modernity, Challenge, Talent, Education}, volume = {6}, Number = {1}, pages = {17-17}, publisher = {Shefa Neuroscience Research Center}, title_fa = {P12- Tradition and Modernity Contrast, Challenge Ahead Talent Nurture}, abstract_fa ={لطفاً به چکیده انگلیسی مراجعه شود.}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1506-en.html}, eprint = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1506-en.pdf}, journal = {The Neuroscience Journal of Shefaye Khatam}, issn = {2322-1887}, eissn = {2345-4814}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {Hajkazemian, Mohsen and Kamali, Somayeh}, title = {P13- The Importance of Talent Management in Education}, abstract ={Among the most important tasks of social institutions in addition to the production and distribution of vital necessities of the people, is education of people in the community; this task is dominated by formal education non formal education, and hidden curriculum by educational institutions. The purpose of this research is to explain the role of teacher in Student talent management as future human capital for the development of society. Research method is analysis of theoretical foundations in the field of students' talent management and talent management of employees in organizations. Findings of the research show that teacher talent management is effective in enhancing student's talent.}, Keywords = {Talent, Talent Management, Teacher Talent Management, Student Talent Management}, volume = {6}, Number = {1}, pages = {18-18}, publisher = {Shefa Neuroscience Research Center}, title_fa = {P13- The Importance of Talent Management in Education}, abstract_fa ={لطفاً به چکیده انگلیسی مراجعه شود.}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1507-en.html}, eprint = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1507-en.pdf}, journal = {The Neuroscience Journal of Shefaye Khatam}, issn = {2322-1887}, eissn = {2345-4814}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {Haddadi, Mozhdeh}, title = {P14- The Position of Elitism and Promoting The Support of The Elite in Preventing their Migration from University Education}, abstract ={Elite migration is one of the phenomena faced by the country for several years and if there are no ways to counteract it, we will see this phenomenon as well. And this is a kind of loss of a large capital called elite and educated manpower. The brain drain has been trapped by young people for many years, as a social disaster, especially in Third World countries. This dilemma, which, according to the pathologists, is known to have been exploited by Third World countries by developed countries, And one of the most devastating social crises. Some scholars also believe that the government should provide a state for creativity, innovation and elite products bringing them to the market with a comfortable imagination in this case, the elites can also meet market needs. Social science experts believe that in the case of phenomenon (brain drain), society must be provided with a suitable platform for the elites to be used in every respect. So that the elites do not get out of the country and the phenomenon of brain drain does not take place. If the elite are motivated and targeted, and the conditions and facilities for their research activities are provided, they can take effective steps in the direction of excellence, progress and development of the country.}, Keywords = {Elitism, Brain Drain, Immigration Prevention, Economic and Political Factors}, volume = {6}, Number = {1}, pages = {19-19}, publisher = {Shefa Neuroscience Research Center}, title_fa = {P14- The Position of Elitism and Promoting The Support of The Elite in Preventing their Migration from University Education}, abstract_fa ={لطفاً به چکیده انگلیسی مراجعه شود.}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1508-en.html}, eprint = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1508-en.pdf}, journal = {The Neuroscience Journal of Shefaye Khatam}, issn = {2322-1887}, eissn = {2345-4814}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {}, title = {Abstract Book of the 2st International Neuroinflammation Congress and2st Student Festival of Neurosience}, abstract ={.The Supplement of the Neuroscience Journal of Shefaye Khatam}, Keywords = {}, volume = {6}, Number = {2}, pages = {0-0}, publisher = {Shefa Neuroscience Research Center}, title_fa = {Abstract Book of the 2st International Neuroinflammation Congress and 2st Student Festival of Neurosience}, abstract_fa ={.The Supplement of the Neuroscience Journal of Shefaye Khatam}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1512-en.html}, eprint = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1512-en.pdf}, journal = {The Neuroscience Journal of Shefaye Khatam}, issn = {2322-1887}, eissn = {2345-4814}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {Pourmasoumi, Parvin and Jameie, Behnamoddi}, title = {O1: Modeling of Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Magnetite Nanoparticles for The Rehabilitation of Immune System Function and Reducing Inflammation and Promoting Myelination in the Treatment of MS Disease}, abstract ={By Using the modeling of the mesenchymal (bone marrow) stem cell nanoparticles, the reinstatement of the immune system leads to the treatment of MS, result in the formation of a new immune system for the body by stem cell. The presence of stem cells promotes and strengthens myelination, and that, using simulation and 3D modeling, stem cells can be transmitted correctly to the target and place of injury and the location of inflammation. Using mathematical modeling and magnetic resonance images and 3D simulation of magnetite nanoparticles that carry stem cells and direct its guidance and modeling the new immune system to improve the function of immune cells and protect myelin in nerve cells and reduce inflammation from the modeling model provides a predetermined data that makes the pathway that the stem cell passes through in a patient that results in higher accuracy and ease of work. Modeling shows that stem cell infiltration can be better controlled by nanoparticles, and the presence of mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) plays a major role in rebuilding the immune system and reducing inflammation, and the presence of stem cells to generate signals with surrounding cells Being nervous and restoring the immune system reduces inflammation and thus restores myelin in the central nervous system and the spinal cord. Modeling the pathway in which the nano-particle carrying a stem cell that needs to travel to the site of a damaged lesion in the brain and spinal cord has a pre-designed and planned map that provides better controlled transmission in inflammation. It reduces inflammation and rebuilds the myelin, and its pathway can be seen in MRI images and can be captured at a molecular cellsurface.}, Keywords = {Magnetite Nanoparticles, Mesenchymal Stem Cells, MS, Modeling}, volume = {6}, Number = {2}, pages = {1-1}, publisher = {Shefa Neuroscience Research Center}, title_fa = {O1: Modeling of Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Magnetite Nanoparticles for The Rehabilitation of Immune System Function and Reducing Inflammation and Promoting Myelination in the Treatment of MS Disease}, abstract_fa ={لطفاً به چکیده انگلیسی مراجعه شود.}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1514-en.html}, eprint = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1514-en.pdf}, journal = {The Neuroscience Journal of Shefaye Khatam}, issn = {2322-1887}, eissn = {2345-4814}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {Gholaminejhad, Morteza and Hassanzadeh, Gholamreza and Akbari, Mohamm}, title = {O2: Flaxseed Reduces Proinflammatory Factors IL-1β, IL-18 and TNF-α in Injured Spinal Cord Rat Model}, abstract ={The pathophysiology of acute spinal cord injury (SCI) involves primary and secondary mechanisms of injury. Secondary injury mechanisms include inflammation, oxidative stress. The secondary inflammation of spinal cord tissue after SCI was critical for the survival of motor neuron and functional recovery. Flaxseed is a rich source of lignan phytoestrogen, α-linolenic acid. Flaxseed has remarkable anti-inflammatory effect. Adult male wistar rats (n=24) were assigned to four groups: control, laminectomy, SCI and SCI+Flaxseed groups. The SCI model was exerted by placing a 50 g weight for 5 min by a platform applied at the T10 vertebral level. After 4 weeks the blood serum of all rats were collected and the effect of flaxseed on proinflammatory factors level, locomotion score and histologic alterations were assessed. The use of flaxseed significantly decreased the level of proinflammatory factors IL-1β, IL-18 and TNF-α compared to SCI group and improved the motion of the animals in the SCI+Flaxseed group and decreased the demolition of spinal cord tissue after injury. Our study for the first time showed the anti-inflammatory effect of flaxseed on spinal cord injury model in rat, further studies can be done to assess the intake of flaxseed as an effective therapeutic agent for the relative recovery of patients with SCI.}, Keywords = {Spinal Cord Injury, Neuroinflammation, Flaxseed}, volume = {6}, Number = {2}, pages = {2-2}, publisher = {Shefa Neuroscience Research Center}, title_fa = {O2: Flaxseed Reduces Proinflammatory Factors IL-1β, IL-18 and TNF-α in Injured Spinal Cord Rat Model}, abstract_fa ={لطفاً به چکیده انگلیسی مراجعه شود.}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1515-en.html}, eprint = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1515-en.pdf}, journal = {The Neuroscience Journal of Shefaye Khatam}, issn = {2322-1887}, eissn = {2345-4814}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {Fazio, Luca and Cerina, Manuela and Meuth, Sven G}, title = {O3: Pharmacological Modulation of Thalamic KCNQ-Potassium Channels: Insight from Knock-out Mice}, abstract ={The channels belonging to the KCNQ gene family consist of 5 different subtypes, which assemble as pentameric channels. The KCNQ2-5 subunits are highly expressed in the ventrobasal thalamus (VB) where they function primarily as KCNQ2/3 heteromers. They underlie an outward potassium (K+)-current, called M-current (IM), which provides a hyperpolarizing drive, thus regulating neuronal excitability. In order to understand the contribution of the KCNQ3 channel subunits to the regulation of the firing patterns and the generation of IM in VB neurons, we performed electrophysiological recordings using a mouse line lacking this subunit (KCNQ3 KO). Application of the specific channel activator Retigabine (Ret) induced hyperpolarization of the resting membrane potential, and significantly reduced the number of action potentials elicited in response to a given current step in control animals. In a similar manner, voltage-clamp experiments showed an increased IM following Ret application, while administration of the specific channel inhibitor XE991 reversed this effect. Preliminary recordings performed in KCNQ3 KO mice indicated a smaller IM amplitude in the same experimental conditions. However, increasing the group size and using other specific modulators will help us understanding better the role of KCNQ3 in VB and indentify potential compensatory mechanisms exerted by other subunits. The channels belonging to the KCNQ gene family consist of 5 different subtypes, which assemble as pentameric channels. The KCNQ2-5 subunits are highly expressed in the ventrobasal thalamus (VB) where they function primarily as KCNQ2/3 heteromers. They underlie an outward potassium (K+)-current, called M-current (IM), which provides a hyperpolarizing drive, thus regulating neuronal excitability. In order to understand the contribution of the KCNQ3 channel subunits to the regulation of the firing patterns and the generation of IM in VB neurons, we performed electrophysiological recordings using a mouse line lacking this subunit (KCNQ3 KO). Application of the specific channel activator Retigabine (Ret) induced hyperpolarization of the resting membrane potential, and significantly reduced the number of action potentials elicited in response to a given current step in control animals. In a similar manner, voltage-clamp experiments showed an increased IM following Ret application, while administration of the specific channel inhibitor XE991 reversed this effect. Preliminary recordings performed in KCNQ3 KO mice indicated a smaller IM amplitude in the same experimental conditions. However, increasing the group size and using other specific modulators will help us understanding better the role of KCNQ3 in VB and indentify potential compensatory mechanisms exerted by other subunits. The channels belonging to the KCNQ gene family consist of 5 different subtypes, which assemble as pentameric channels. The KCNQ2-5 subunits are highly expressed in the ventrobasal thalamus (VB) where they function primarily as KCNQ2/3 heteromers. They underlie an outward potassium (K+)-current, called M-current (IM), which provides a hyperpolarizing drive, thus regulating neuronal excitability. In order to understand the contribution of the KCNQ3 channel subunits to the regulation of the firing patterns and the generation of IM in VB neurons, we performed electrophysiological recordings using a mouse line lacking this subunit (KCNQ3 KO). Application of the specific channel activator Retigabine (Ret) induced hyperpolarization of the resting membrane potential, and significantly reduced the number of action potentials elicited in response to a given current step in control animals. In a similar manner, voltage-clamp experiments showed an increased IM following Ret application, while administration of the specific channel inhibitor XE991 reversed this effect. Preliminary recordings performed in KCNQ3 KO mice indicated a smaller IM amplitude in the same experimental conditions. However, increasing the group size and using other specific modulators will help us understanding better the role of KCNQ3 in VB and indentify potential compensatory mechanisms exerted by other subunits.  }, Keywords = {Mice, Potassium Channels, Thalamus}, volume = {6}, Number = {2}, pages = {3-3}, publisher = {Shefa Neuroscience Research Center}, title_fa = {O3: Pharmacological Modulation of Thalamic KCNQ-Potassium Channels: Insight from Knock-out Mice}, abstract_fa ={لطفاً به چکیده انگلیسی مراجعه شود.}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1516-en.html}, eprint = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1516-en.pdf}, journal = {The Neuroscience Journal of Shefaye Khatam}, issn = {2322-1887}, eissn = {2345-4814}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {Asadi, Ehsan and Farhadi, Ahmad and Rahimi, Ahmad and Aghalar, Matin and Jamali, Akram and Mohtasham, Elahe}, title = {O4: Central Nervous System Involvement in Rheumatoid Arthritis: Possible Role of Chronic Inflammation and TNF Blocker Therapy}, abstract ={Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic disease, the etiology of which has yet to be clarified, which causes activation of proinflammatory pathways that bring about joint and systemic inflammation. In recent years, the pathophysiology of CNS involvement that can occur in RA has attracted a great deal of attention. Emphasis has focused on the possibility that CNS involvement occurs due to blood-brain barrier (BBB) damage associated with chronic inflammation. The present study was performed to investigate the possible effects of BBB dysfunction and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) blocker therapy on BBB function, which may cause CNS damage in patients with RA. 90 RA patients [65 females, 25 males] and 40 healthy controls [25 females, 15 males] were included in the study. All RA patients were on synthetic DMARD therapy at the beginning. 55 patients continued DMARD therapy, and 35 patients with high disease activity were started on TNF blocker therapy. All demographic characteristics of the patients were recorded. Disease activity was evaluated using the Disease Activity Score 35-joint count C reactive protein. The Mini-Mental State Examination was used to evaluate cognitive function, and the Fazekas scale was used to assess cranial lesions visualized by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Patients' peripheral blood S100β, glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), claudin, interleukin (IL)-17, and IL-1β levels were measured at the beginning of the study and after 6 months. Demographic characteristics (including sex, age, and body mass index) were similar in the RA and control groups. S100β and GFAP levels were significantly higher in the patient group than in the control group. In the group that was started on TNF blocker therapy, S100β and GFAP levels were significantly decreased 6 months after commencement of treatment. No difference was observed between the RA and control groups in terms of hyperintense lesions seen on cranial MRI. The S100β levels increased with lesions in the deep white matter seen on cranial MRI in patients with RA. next to decreasing disease activity and joint erosions by suppressing inflammation, anti-TNF therapy in RA can also suppress potential CNS involvement linked to BBB (blood-brain barrier) dysfunction.   }, Keywords = {Blood-Brain-Barrier, Rheumatoid Arthritis, S100 beta}, volume = {6}, Number = {2}, pages = {4-4}, publisher = {Shefa Neuroscience Research Center}, title_fa = {O4: Central Nervous System Involvement in Rheumatoid Arthritis: Possible Role of Chronic Inflammation and TNF Blocker Therapy}, abstract_fa ={لطفاً به چکیده انگلیسی مراجعه شود.}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1517-en.html}, eprint = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1517-en.pdf}, journal = {The Neuroscience Journal of Shefaye Khatam}, issn = {2322-1887}, eissn = {2345-4814}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {Naseri, Farzin and Shirzad, Mohammad Moein and Biglari, Ghazale and HasaniDooghabadi, Ali and JahanbaziJahanAbad, Ali and Es'haghabadi, Arezou and Gorji, Ali and SahabNegah, Saj}, title = {O5: A Self-Assembled Nanopeptide Scaffold Combined with Mesenchymal Stem Cells Improved Functional Recovery after Traumatic Brain Injury in Rats}, abstract ={Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) is a major cause of death and disability worldwide. TBI can cause cognitive and memory function impairments which Current medical setting is not able to cure. In this study, we hypothesized that   mesenchymal stem cells derived from Adipose tissue  transplanted with RADA1- GGS IKVAV (GSIKVAV) can rescue cognitive function. An acute model of TBI was carried out in male Wistar rats (n=36). Subjects were divided into 7 groups: Sham (receiving no treatment), PBS, GSIKVAV, Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSCs), GSIKVAV+ MSCs. MSCs were stained with BrdU. To evaluate the MSCs characterization flow cytometery was performed. IHC was done to study the differentiation and viability. Behavioral tests including Open Field (OF), Elevated Plus Maze (EPM) and modified Neurological Severity Score (mNSS) were done to evaluate the sensory- motor function and anxiety. At day 30, animals were sacrificed. In order to detect inflammation toll like receptor3, 4, tumor necrosis factor α and glial fibrillary acidic protein were assessed using western blot. CD markers (CD 105, 34) were reported to be positive for most of MSCs. The mNSS score significantly decreased among MSCs and MSCs + GSIKVAV groups. We observed a significant increase in the number of enteries to the open arm in the EPM test. The total distance was also increased in the OF test. These data suggest that using MSCs with GSIKVAV can be a potential therapy for TBI patients according its neuroprotective and immunomodulatory effects.  }, Keywords = {Tissue Engineering, Neuroinflammation, Functional Recovery}, volume = {6}, Number = {2}, pages = {5-5}, publisher = {Shefa Neuroscience Research Center}, title_fa = {O5: A Self-Assembled Nanopeptide Scaffold Combined with Mesenchymal Stem Cells Improved Functional Recovery after Traumatic Brain Injury in Rats}, abstract_fa ={لطفاً به چکیده انگلیسی مراجعه شود.}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1518-en.html}, eprint = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1518-en.pdf}, journal = {The Neuroscience Journal of Shefaye Khatam}, issn = {2322-1887}, eissn = {2345-4814}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {Mohammadi-Abisofla, Somayye and Behnam-Rassouli, Morteza and Mousavinezhad, Maryam and Mahdavi-Shahri, Naser}, title = {O6: Protective Effect of Alpha-Lipoic Acid on Neuronal Degeneration Due to Sciatic Nerve Transection in Rat}, abstract ={Peripheral nerve injury induces inflammation and oxidative stress, which are the most significant causes of the neuronal death. Alpha Lipoic acid (ɑ-LA) as a potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory agent may counteract the oxidative stress and inflammatory response. This study was designed to investigate the protective effect of ɑ-LA on neuronal cell death in L4 dorsal root ganglion (L4-DRG) induced by unilateral sciatic nerve transection (SNT) in rat. Thirty male Wistar rat were divided into 5 groups (n=6); control (intact), SNT+ Salin, SNT + ɑ-LA (100 mg/kg; i.p), SNT+ vitamin C (150mg/kg: i.p) and sham. Treatment was started 1 hour after injury and continued up to 7th-day post-injury. At 21st day post-injury, the L4-DRG were dissected out, fixed (formalin 10%), processed for paraffin embedding. Serial sections of L4-DRGs were prepared, stained (H&E and Toluidine blue) and then examined microscopically. The mean volume of L4-DRGs was estimated using Cavalieri principle and neurons count was done using a stereological technique (Disector method). Data were analysed with SPSS statistics 16.0 software ANOVA and intergroup comparisons performed using a Tukey-Post how analysis. In comparison with control, the number of neurons in SNT + ɑ-LA and sham groups had no significant differences. The number of neurons in the SNT+Salin and SNT+ vitamin C were significantly reduced (P<0.05). ɑ-LA (100 mg/kg.bw) provides comparable protection of sensory neurons after axotomy unlike vitamin C in rats. It seems that ɑ-LA is a profound neuroprotective and promising anti-inflammatory agent in healing peripheral nerve injury.  }, Keywords = {Alpha Lipoic Acid, Peripheral Nerve Injury, Inflammation, Oxidative Stress}, volume = {6}, Number = {2}, pages = {6-6}, publisher = {Shefa Neuroscience Research Center}, title_fa = {O6: Protective Effect of Alpha-Lipoic Acid on Neuronal Degeneration Due to Sciatic Nerve Transection in Rat}, abstract_fa ={لطفاً به چکیده انگلیسی مراجعه شود.}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1521-en.html}, eprint = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1521-en.pdf}, journal = {The Neuroscience Journal of Shefaye Khatam}, issn = {2322-1887}, eissn = {2345-4814}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {Menke, Amélie and Cerina, Manuela and Dornmair, Klaus and Meuth, Sven G}, title = {O7: Functional Characterization of Human GABAA Autoantibodies in the Context of Limbic Encephalitis}, abstract ={Limbic encephalitis is an adaptive autoimmune disease, induced by different autoantibodies, which target extracellular neuronal epitopes, such as NMDA or GABAB receptors1,2. Recently our group found another human antibody, which binds to the α1 subunit of the GABAA receptor. Since the GABAA receptor is responsible for the majority of fast inhibitory neurotransmission, we investigated changes in GABAergic activity and the excitability in brain regions containing the α1 subunit. Therefore, we performed a functional in-vitro characterization by incubating acute brain slices with the antibody and performing electrophysiological recordings in the somatosensory cortex (S1). The single-cell analysis of pyramidal neurons in S1 showed a significantly reduced frequency of GABAergic events. In contrast examining the excitability by counting the number of action potentials generated in response to a current step, showed no effect of the antibody. By using transgenic GFP-GAD-65 mice we separately explored the antibody’s effects in interneurons only. There, we found a non-significant difference in the amplitude of GABAergic events, but no changes in the frequency. Fluorescence staining confirmed the specificity of the antibody binding in S1 and hippocampal regions. In conclusion, the antibody seems to cause an increased excitability especially in pyramidal cortical neurons mediated by a reduced GABAergic activity.  }, Keywords = {Limbic, Autoimmune Disease, Especially}, volume = {6}, Number = {2}, pages = {7-7}, publisher = {Shefa Neuroscience Research Center}, title_fa = {O7: Functional Characterization of Human GABAA Autoantibodies in the Context of Limbic Encephalitis}, abstract_fa ={لطفاً به چکیده انگلیسی مراجعه شود.}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1523-en.html}, eprint = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1523-en.pdf}, journal = {The Neuroscience Journal of Shefaye Khatam}, issn = {2322-1887}, eissn = {2345-4814}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {Vakilzadeh, Mohammad Moein and Mehri, Ali and Heidari, Amirhossein and PasbanBovanlo, Sara and Gorji, Ali and SahabNegah, Saj}, title = {O8: Evaluating the Impact of Lactobacillus Acidophilus Probiotic Supplement on Sensory-Motor Recovery in a Model of Traumatic Brain Injury}, abstract ={Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a leading cause of death and disability worldwide and many survivors experience a wide range of neurological impairments after TBI. Following the initial mechanical injury at the moment of a TBI event, various cellular and molecular processes are activated as the secondary injury. Neuroinflammation is an important mechanism involved in the secondary injury of TBI. Therefore, Neuroinflammation offers a promising opportunity for therapeutic intervention in order to prevent progressive tissue damage and improve the neurological recovery after TBI. The use of probiotics as a novel therapeutic option for modulating inflammatory response has received great attention, but there are still insufficient data on whether probiotics have the ability to regulate neuroinflammation, and further research needs to be done to elucidate the impact of probiotics on neuroinflammation and neurological recovery. If proven effective, probiotics can be used as a cheap, non-invasive, easy-to-use and safe treatment for modulating post-TBI neuroinflammation. Several studies have reported that probiotic compounds reduce serum inflammatory cytokines and increase the levels of anti-inflammatory cytokines. Hence, we hypothesize that using probiotics after TBI might have the potential to regulate neuroinflammatory response and thus, improve the neurological recovery.}, Keywords = {Neuroinflammation, Probiotics, Traumatic Brain Injury, TBI, Sensory-Motor Recovery}, volume = {6}, Number = {2}, pages = {8-8}, publisher = {Shefa Neuroscience Research Center}, title_fa = {O8: Evaluating the Impact of Lactobacillus Acidophilus Probiotic Supplement on Sensory-Motor Recovery in a Model of Traumatic Brain Injury}, abstract_fa ={لطفاً به چکیده انگلیسی مراجعه شود.}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1525-en.html}, eprint = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1525-en.pdf}, journal = {The Neuroscience Journal of Shefaye Khatam}, issn = {2322-1887}, eissn = {2345-4814}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {Meuth, Sven G}, title = {O9: Mechanisms and Therapeutic Options in Multiple Sclerosis}, abstract ={Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune disease of the central nervous system associated to myelin loss and neurodegeneration. Clinically patients suffer from diverse symptoms and face the risk to become wheelchair-bound. At the moment MS is incurable, thus there is an unmet need for therapeutic options.}, Keywords = {Multiple Sclerosis, Therapeutic, Autoimmune Disease}, volume = {6}, Number = {2}, pages = {9-9}, publisher = {Shefa Neuroscience Research Center}, title_fa = {O9: Mechanisms and Therapeutic Options in Multiple Sclerosis}, abstract_fa ={لطفاً به چکیده انگلیسی مراجعه شود.}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1527-en.html}, eprint = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1527-en.pdf}, journal = {The Neuroscience Journal of Shefaye Khatam}, issn = {2322-1887}, eissn = {2345-4814}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {Kleinschnitz, Christoph}, title = {O10: Thrombo-Inflammation in Acute Ischemic Stroke}, abstract ={Ischemic stroke has been classified as a merely thrombotic disease, so the main goal of its treatment is the recanalization of the occluded vasculature. However, despite fast restoration of blood circulation, progressive stroke still develops in many patients, which has led to the concept of reperfusion injury.  The underlying mechanism is only partly known. Though, it is accepted now, that thrombotic and inflammatory pathways are key contributors to ischemic stroke, leading to the concept of thrombo-inflammation. In the acute phase after stroke, thrombo-inflammation occurs at the site of ischemic vascular injury, where platelets bind to von Willebrand factor and become activated. Downstream cascades lead to the activation of the contact-kinin system, resulting in endothelial cell damage, expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines, recruiting immune cells to the side of damage, and supporting immune cell migration into the brain. Activated platelets, the damaged vasculature and attracted immune cells conspire together inducing secondary thrombotic events. In our stroke studies, we significantly improved the stroke outcome in rodents after blocking members of the thrombo-inflammation system (e. g. platelet receptors (GP1b), blood coagulation proteins (Kinin, F12), or immune cells (T cells)) in the acute phase. Therefore, anti-thrombo-inflammatory strategies could become novel treatment approaches in the future.  }, Keywords = {Ischemic Stroke, Thrombo-Inflammation, Pro-Inflammatory Cytokines}, volume = {6}, Number = {2}, pages = {10-10}, publisher = {Shefa Neuroscience Research Center}, title_fa = {O10: Thrombo-Inflammation in Acute Ischemic Stroke}, abstract_fa ={لطفاً به چکیده انگلیسی مراجعه شود.}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1528-en.html}, eprint = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1528-en.pdf}, journal = {The Neuroscience Journal of Shefaye Khatam}, issn = {2322-1887}, eissn = {2345-4814}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {Eichler, Susann and Huntemann, Niklas and Göbel, Kerstin and Meuth, Sven G}, title = {O11: Novel Approaches to Prevent Neuroinflammation by Targeting the Coagulation System}, abstract ={There is growing appreciation that other factors not traditionally considered components of the immune system foster inflammation in multiple sclerosis (MS) and its animal model, experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). The blood coagulation initiating factor XII was introduced as key mediator of central nervous system (CNS) autoimmunity by modulation of adaptive immune response. Moreover, these findings were indicated to be relevant in MS patients, as further demonstrated: levels of factor X (FX) and prothrombin are increased in treatment-naïve MS patients compared to healthy donors. This concept of a pivotal role of the coagulation system in neuroinflammation was further reinforced by our recent identification of the preventive effect of FX inhibition in EAE on neurological deficits and local inflammation compared to control animals. Platelets have been also recognized to contribute to EAE. Thus, the identification of platelet specific candidates relevant for disease activity is crucial for the understanding of platelet mediated contributions to CNS inflammation currently being addressed by ongoing studies. As the pathophysiology of MS remains poorly understood to date, the addition of novel mechanisms of neuroinflammation can broaden our knowledge about disease development and may even help in establishing novel therapeutic approaches targeting the coagulation system.}, Keywords = {Coagulation System, Neuroinflammation, Multiple Sclerosis}, volume = {6}, Number = {2}, pages = {11-11}, publisher = {Shefa Neuroscience Research Center}, title_fa = {O11: Novel Approaches to Prevent Neuroinflammation by Targeting the Coagulation System}, abstract_fa ={لطفاً به چکیده انگلیسی مراجعه شود.}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1530-en.html}, eprint = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1530-en.pdf}, journal = {The Neuroscience Journal of Shefaye Khatam}, issn = {2322-1887}, eissn = {2345-4814}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {Mencl, Stine}, title = {O12: The Heart and the Brain: Stroke Induced Heart Damage}, abstract ={Cardiac diseases are common post-stroke and are associated with increased morbidity and mortality. One possible mechanism of acute cardiac injury is the neurogenic myocardial damage, where the cerebral injury is disturbing the normal sympathetic and parasympathetic neuronal outflow to the heart leading to cardiac damage including myocardial infarctions. The exact mechanism is not completely understood and the major objective of this project is to characterize the molecular phenotype of the neurogenic myocardial damage post-stroke.  Our data demonstrate acute myocardial damage in wild-type mice after right or left-sided transient middle cerebral artery occlusion or photothrombosis. We analyzed the stroke outcome with a neurologic score and the stroke volume. For the myocardial damage, we measured catecholamines levels, the heart damage marker Troponin, and performed electrocardiograms in mice. Using different inbred wild-type mice strains (C57BL/6 J/N; Balb/c) for purposes of comparison, the stroke induced heart damage evolved highly divers. While some strains were protected against stroke and myocardial damage and had a much better survival and stroke outcome, others showed an increased morbidity and mortality. For our mechanistic analysis of the neurogenic myocardial damage, we compared different strains and stroke methods to get the right model with more heart damage, but without an increased mortality.  }, Keywords = {Stroke, Cardiac Diseases, Neuroinflammation }, volume = {6}, Number = {2}, pages = {12-12}, publisher = {Shefa Neuroscience Research Center}, title_fa = {O12: The Heart and the Brain: Stroke Induced Heart Damage}, abstract_fa ={لطفاً به چکیده انگلیسی مراجعه شود.}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1531-en.html}, eprint = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1531-en.pdf}, journal = {The Neuroscience Journal of Shefaye Khatam}, issn = {2322-1887}, eissn = {2345-4814}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {JahanbaziJahan-Abad, Ali and SahabNegah, Sajad and HosseiniRavandi, Hassan and Ghasemi, Sedigheh and Stummer, Walter and Gorji, Ali and KhaleghiGhadiri, Maryam}, title = {O13: Human Neural Stem/Progenitor Cells Derived from Epileptic Human Brain in A Self-Assembling Peptide Nanoscaffold Attenuates Neuroinlammation in Traumatic Brain Injury in Rats}, abstract ={Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a disruption in the brain functions following a head trauma. Cell therapy may provide a promising treatment for TBI. Human neural stem cells cultured in self-assembling peptide scaffolds have been proposed as a potential novel method for cell replacement treatment after TBI. In the present study, we accessed the effects of human neural stem/progenitor cells (hNS/PCs) derived from epileptic human brain and human adipose-derived stromal/stem cells (hADSCs) cultured in the RADA16 on brain function after TBI. hNS/PCs were isolated from patients with medically intractable epilepsy undergone epilepsy surgery. hNS/PCs and hADSCs have the potential for proliferation and differentiation into both neuronal and glial lineages. Transplantation of hNS/PCs and hADSCs encapsulated in the PM inhibited neuroinflammation, and reduced the reactive gliosis at the injury site of TBI. The data suggest the transplantation of human stem cells encapsulated in the PM as a hopeful treatment option for cell therapy in TBI.  }, Keywords = {Tissue Engineering, Human Neural Stem Cells, Traumatic Brain Injury}, volume = {6}, Number = {2}, pages = {13-13}, publisher = {Shefa Neuroscience Research Center}, title_fa = {O13: Human Neural Stem/Progenitor Cells Derived from Epileptic Human Brain in A Self-Assembling Peptide Nanoscaffold Attenuates Neuroinlammation in Traumatic Brain Injury in Rats}, abstract_fa ={لطفاً به چکیده انگلیسی مراجعه شود.}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1533-en.html}, eprint = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1533-en.pdf}, journal = {The Neuroscience Journal of Shefaye Khatam}, issn = {2322-1887}, eissn = {2345-4814}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {SahabNegah, Sajad and Oliazadeh, Pardis and JahanbaziJahanAbad, Ali and Es'haghabadi, Arezou and Ghasemi, Sedigheh and Gholami, Fatemeh and Gorji, Ali}, title = {O14: Application of Neural Stem Cells Derived from Human Meningioma in Traumatic Brain Injury}, abstract ={Traumatic brain injury is considered as one of the main causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Apart from primary mechanical injury, Secondary injuries due to inflammation and apoptosis result in great neuronal damage. Current treatments are not able to regenerate the damaged part and prevent future sequels. Using human stem cells with self-assembling scaffolds may be promising in treatment of traumatic brain injury. Human meningioma stem cells were isolated, cultured and expanded into in vitro condition. The rat models of TBI were divided into 5 groups: sham, PBS, stem cells, scaffold and stem cell+scaffold. mNSS and EEG were performed to evaluate movement and physical activity. IHC were done to assess cell differentiation. Inflammation and apoptosis markers like toll like receptors, caspase 3,8 and TNF-a were analyzed using western blotting and PCR methods. Results showed that inflammation was significantly reduced in cell group. Tissue engineering as a new therapeutic method can be promising in treating brain damage.}, Keywords = {Neural Tissue Enginnering, Trauamtic Brain Injury, Human Neural Stem Cells}, volume = {6}, Number = {2}, pages = {14-14}, publisher = {Shefa Neuroscience Research Center}, title_fa = {O14: Application of Neural Stem Cells Derived from Human Meningioma in Traumatic Brain Injury}, abstract_fa ={لطفاً به چکیده انگلیسی مراجعه شود.}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1535-en.html}, eprint = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1535-en.pdf}, journal = {The Neuroscience Journal of Shefaye Khatam}, issn = {2322-1887}, eissn = {2345-4814}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {Saberifar, Mohsen and BayatTork, Mohammad Amin and Gorji, Ali and SahabNegah, Saj}, title = {O15: Using Stromal Cell-Derived Factor-I as Bio Active Motif in A Novel Self-Assembly Peptide Nanofiber Scaffold: an Approach to Improve Cell Therapy in Brain Injury}, abstract ={Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is one of the main causes of mortality and morbidity worldwide. Despite extensive investigations over the past few decades, no effective therapies exist to improve the brain function in patients with TBI. Neural tissue engineering is an attractive therapeutic approach to restore the brain structure and function of damaged tissue. Bioactive motif of Stromal cell-derived factor-1 (SDF-1) induces neurogenesis by increasing the migration and proliferation of endogenous neural progenitor cells (NPCs) in the lesion sites. We designed the novel scaffold with SDF1 and RADA16. The Aim of this study is to determine in vitro effects of SDF scaffold on neural stem cells behavior including migration, attachment, and differentiation. Neural stem cells were isolated from the hippocampus and subventricular zone of the lateral ventricle of 17-days rat fetus. In this study, Apoptosis, cytotoxicity, proliferation, neurite outgrowth, and differentiation were assessed. Migration, attachment and differentiation of stem cells significantly increased in the SDF scaffold. Our results showed no significant difference between apoptosis, survival and proliferation of cells in SDF and RADA16-IKVAV scaffolds. Although SDF scaffold increased Migration, and attachment of stem cells in vitro, in vivo studies should be conducted to determine the features of SDF scaffold in the brain tissue.}, Keywords = {Neural Tissue Engineering, Stromal Derived Factor, Neural Stem Cells}, volume = {6}, Number = {2}, pages = {15-15}, publisher = {Shefa Neuroscience Research Center}, title_fa = {O15: Using Stromal Cell-Derived Factor-I as Bio Active Motif in A Novel Self-Assembly Peptide Nanofiber Scaffold: an Approach to Improve Cell Therapy in Brain Injury}, abstract_fa ={لطفاً به چکیده انگلیسی مراجعه شود.}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1536-en.html}, eprint = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1536-en.pdf}, journal = {The Neuroscience Journal of Shefaye Khatam}, issn = {2322-1887}, eissn = {2345-4814}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {Bastany, Zoya and Askari, Shahbaz and Dumont, Guy A}, title = {O16: Long Term Video EEG (AC/DC) Monitoring}, abstract ={Long term video electro-encephalographic (EEG) monitoring (LTM) is defined as the continuous and synchronized recording of EEG and multimedia to analyze brain abnormalities. A conventional LTM system continuously records EEG in the frequency range of 0.5-70Hz. The data synchronization, the high-volume data management, the system reliability as well as noise reduction remain significant challenges in an LTM machine. Moreover, online multi-user access to the data during the recording as well as online EEG control remains another essential point. Beyond conventional LTM systems, recent studies indicate the existence of a potentially clinically-relelvant near-DC field potential (f<0.1Hz) among the EEG data. This DC field potential, although sometimes present in healthy subjects, also appears to be associated with a variety of brain abnormalities such as migraines with auras and some types of epileptic activity. Therefore, the EEG frequency range must be extended to include lower frequencies down to 0.01 Hz. The potential asymmetric changes of the bio-electrodes in ultralow frequencies, effects of the scalp - skull structures and its capacitance features, as well as EEG instrumentation, are significant challenges that need to be addressed to provide DC EEG to a conventional LTM machine. We propose a new technique and system to capture and review the AC/DC LTM data. The proposed system aids in analyzing both high and low-frequencies oscillations of brain electrical activities.}, Keywords = {LTM, EEG, Direct Current}, volume = {6}, Number = {2}, pages = {16-16}, publisher = {Shefa Neuroscience Research Center}, title_fa = {O16: Long Term Video EEG (AC/DC) Monitoring}, abstract_fa ={لطفاً به چکیده انگلیسی مراجعه شود.}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1537-en.html}, eprint = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1537-en.pdf}, journal = {The Neuroscience Journal of Shefaye Khatam}, issn = {2322-1887}, eissn = {2345-4814}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {Nahayati, Mohammadali}, title = {O17: Inflammation in Brain and Spinal Cord}, abstract ={our goal in this paper is to describe and compare basic immunopathologic pattern of common demyelinating disorder, that is very important to choose the best treatment. The most common disorders are multiple sclerosis, neuromyelitis optica,Anti MOG associated disease,ADEM and autoimmune encephalitis. ADEM consists of ‘‘sleeves’’ of demyelination centered on small, engorged venules.Significant inflammatory infiltrates consist of myelin-laden macrophages.Variable T and B lymphocytes,and occasional plasma cells and granulocytes May coexit ,Perivenous demyelinating lesions may coalescence to form larger areas of demyelination,but the MS-characteristic joint areas of demyelination, macrophage infiltration, and reactive astrocytes are not typically seen in ADEM.Multifocal cortical-microglial aggregates scattered throughout the cortex, not associated with cortical demyelination. NMOSD is an autoimmune astrocytopathy that causes secondary demyelination..The presence of vasculocentric pattern of immunoglobulin. and complement activation in active NMO lesions suggested a humoral-mediated injury. The water channel aquaporin-4 (AQP4), expressed on pericapillary foot process of astrocytes, has been identified as the target antigen in NMO. T-helper 17 (Th17) cells is very important and elevated serum and CSF levels of interleukin 6 (IL-6), with elevated IL-17 in CSF were seen. In biopsy, active demyelination with macrophages containing myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG), immunoreactive myelin debris, were seen adjacent to periplaque white matter. AQP4 is lost in the active lesion but retained in the periplaque white matter, unlike MS, that show increased AQP4 expression on astrocytes.We can see  loss of immunoreactivities to astrocytic proteins, glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) matter. ANTI MOG-IgG demyelination with relative axonal preservation and the presence of complement activation markers, which is similar to some histopathological descriptions of MS pattern II demyelination. Distinct from AQP4-IgG-associated NMOSD, no astrocytopathy is seen in these patients. Multiple sclerosis is an inflammatory, demyelinating, and is not only an autoimmune disease in which autoreactive immune cells against myelin, damage axons and nerves in the CNS , but also a neurodegenerative disease of the CNS. CD4+ helper T (TH) cells types 1 and 17 release cytokines and Inflammatory mediators that cause tissue damage, while CD4+ TH2 cells might be involved in modulation of these effects.Macrophages that  containing proteolipid protein-immunoreactive myelin debris, were seen adjacent to periplaque white matter .Confluent demyelNination admixed with reactive astrocytes (Creutzfeldt-Peters cells)are  considerable.Evidence suggests significant humoral immunity involvement in the disease process(Bcell) .Lymphocytic inflammatory infiltrates  are composed mainly of CD8-positive cytotoxic T lymphocytes, and fewer CD4-positive helper T cells.No MS spesicific autoantigen has been identified. Autoimmune Encephalitis envolvement of  cortical and white matter disease cause by antibodies against intra and extracellular  antigen.In biopsy  clusters of mononuclear inflammatory cells  mainly composed of CD3+ , CD4+ , and CD8+ T cells.B cells are scarce and mainly restricted to the perivascular space and meninges .Syndromes are associated with antibodies against intracellular (onconeuronal) antigens, appear to be mediated by cytotoxic T-cell responses,against extra cellular antigen related disease that is prominently Bcell type. we can treat MS and ADEM patients with both Bcell and Tcell type associated treatment against Autoimmune encephalitis and NMOSD and Anti MOG associated disease that must be treated with Bcell associated ones.  }, Keywords = {Multiple Sclerosis, ADEM, Multiple Sclerosis}, volume = {6}, Number = {2}, pages = {17-17}, publisher = {Shefa Neuroscience Research Center}, title_fa = {O17: Inflammation in Brain and Spinal Cord}, abstract_fa ={لطفاً به چکیده انگلیسی مراجعه شود.}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1540-en.html}, eprint = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1540-en.pdf}, journal = {The Neuroscience Journal of Shefaye Khatam}, issn = {2322-1887}, eissn = {2345-4814}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {Sedighi, Behnaz}, title = {O18: Autoimmune Encephalitis (Pathophysiology, Clinical Signs and Diagnos Tic Tests)}, abstract ={Autoimmune encephalitis is a difficult clinical diagnosis due to the similarities in the clini­cal, imaging and laboratory findings of many forms of autoimmune and infectious encephalitis. Autoimmune encephalitis involves several types: The first group includes the classic paraneo­plastic disorders associated with antibodies to intracellular antigens. The second group involves autoantibodies to extracel­lular epitopes of ion channels, receptors and other associated proteins, such as the NMDA receptor. final group includes other forms of autoim­mune encephalitis in which precise antigens are less clearly established, such as lupus cerebritis or ADEM. The classical pre­sentation of encephalitis consists of subacute (days to a few weeks) progressive decrease in the level of consciousness, often with fluctuations, and altered cognition. DIAGNOSTIC APPROACHES Antibody testing Autoantibody testing is extremely important for the proper diagnosis of autoimmune encephalitis. < >EEG < >Cancer screening Treatment Approaches: Treatment for suspected autoimmune encephalitis is often given empirically prior to specific antibody test results. This may include steroids and/or IVIG. If a cell-surface/synaptic antibody disorder is diagnosed, initial treatments may in­clude IVIG, plasmapheresis, and/or steroids. The proper diagnosis and management of autoimmune en­cephalitis requires an organized approach. Evaluation should begin with a detailed history and physical examination to detect clues to specific causes. A diverse range of infections should be considered, and appropriate testing should be done to exclude relevant pathogen.  }, Keywords = {Autoimmune, Encephalitis, Paraneoplastic}, volume = {6}, Number = {2}, pages = {18-18}, publisher = {Shefa Neuroscience Research Center}, title_fa = {O18: Autoimmune Encephalitis (Pathophysiology, Clinical Signs and Diagnos Tic Tests)}, abstract_fa ={لطفاً به چکیده انگلیسی مراجعه شود.}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1541-en.html}, eprint = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1541-en.pdf}, journal = {The Neuroscience Journal of Shefaye Khatam}, issn = {2322-1887}, eissn = {2345-4814}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {Nikkhah, Karim}, title = {O19: Advances in the Treatment and Limitations of Cell Therapy in Neurodegenerative Diseases}, abstract ={Neurodegenerative diseases are the hereditary and sporadic diseases which are characterized by progressive neuronal loss of the nervous system and are emerging as the leading cause of death, disabilities, and a socioeconomic burden due to an increase in life expectancy. There are many neurodegenerative diseases including Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s, disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Huntington’s disease, and multiple sclerosis but There are no effective treatments or cures to halt the progression of any of these diseases. Stem cell-based therapy has become the alternative option to treat neurodegenerative diseases. There are several types of stem cells utilized; 1- Embryonic stem cells, induced pluripotent stem cells, and 2- Adult stem cell (mesenchymal stem cells and neural progenitor cells). In this review, we summarize recent advances in the treatments and the limitations of various stem cell technologies. So, we focus on clinical trials of stem cell therapies for major neurodegenerative diseases especially multiple sclerosis.}, Keywords = {Stem Cells, Neurodegenerative Diseases, Progressive Neuronal Loss}, volume = {6}, Number = {2}, pages = {19-19}, publisher = {Shefa Neuroscience Research Center}, title_fa = {O19: Advances in the Treatment and Limitations of Cell Therapy in Neurodegenerative Diseases}, abstract_fa ={لطفاً به چکیده انگلیسی مراجعه شود.}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1543-en.html}, eprint = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1543-en.pdf}, journal = {The Neuroscience Journal of Shefaye Khatam}, issn = {2322-1887}, eissn = {2345-4814}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {KathrinMausberg, Anne and Heininger, M. K. and ZuHorste, G. Meyer and Cordes, S and Kleinschnitz, C and Kieseier, B. C and Stettner, M}, title = {O20: NK Cells as Surrogate Marker for Predicting Treatment Efficacy in Chronic Inflammatory Demyelinating Polyneuropathy}, abstract ={Natural Killer (NK) cells are part of our innate immune system with regulatory and effector functions. Different studies suggest that treatment with intravenous immunoglobulins (IVIg) has an immunomodulatory effect on NK cells. IVIg is a first-line treatment for various autoimmune diseases in particular in chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (CIDP). The lack of predictive markers for IVIg responsiveness in CIDP avoids the early preservation of non-responding patients. Using semi-quantitative PCR and flow cytometry in the peripheral blood of patients with CIDP, we analysed the effects of IVIg on the NK cells and correlated changes with the IVIg reponsiveness. IVIg administrations induced a reduction in the expression of several typical NK cell genes. Flow cytometry data revealed that IVIg reduced the cytotoxic CD56dim NK cell population, while regulatory CD56bright NK cells remained almost unaffected or were even increased. Interestingly, the observed effects on NK cells almost exclusively occurred in IVIg responding CIDP patients. Correlation between changes in the NK cell population and treatment efficiency suggests a crucial role for NK cells in the immunomodulatory mechanism of IVIg. Further studies will investigate whether differences in the NK cell status of CIDP patients represent a reliable surrogate marker predicting the outcome of IVIg therapy.}, Keywords = {NK Cells, Chronic Inflammatory, Demyelinating Polyneuropathy}, volume = {6}, Number = {2}, pages = {20-20}, publisher = {Shefa Neuroscience Research Center}, title_fa = {O20: NK Cells as Surrogate Marker for Predicting Treatment Efficacy in Chronic Inflammatory Demyelinating Polyneuropathy}, abstract_fa ={لطفاً به چکیده انگلیسی مراجعه شود.}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1545-en.html}, eprint = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1545-en.pdf}, journal = {The Neuroscience Journal of Shefaye Khatam}, issn = {2322-1887}, eissn = {2345-4814}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {EtemadiFar, Masou}, title = {O21: Aquaporinopathy and Cerebral Inflammation}, abstract ={Many mammalian AQPs, including AQP1, AQP2, AQP4, AQP5 and AQP8, function primarily as bidirectional water-selective transporters. Cells expressing AQPs on their plasma membrane have an ~5- to 50-fold higher osmotic water permeability than membranes that do not. Water transport through single-file pores poses a biophysical limitation on the efficiency with which AQPs can transport water, so that AQPs must be present in the membrane at a high density to increase membrane water permeability substantially. Aquaporin-4 (AQP4), the target antigen of NMO-IgG, is a water channel protein highly concentrated in spinal cord gray matter, periaqueductal and periventricular regions, and astrocytic foot processes at the blood-brain barrier. It is now clear that NMO-IgG (anti-AQP4) plays a direct role in the pathogenesis of NMO. In MS lesions, the distribution of AQP4 protein expression depends upon the stage of demyelination, while in NMO lesions, there is a loss of AQP4 expression that is unrelated to the stage of demyelination. The inflammatory processes in NMO primarily targets astrocytes]; the area postrema appears to be a preferential target of NMO-IgG antibodies that bind to astrocyte AQP4 water channels, leading to astrocyte dysfunction and the clinical manifestations of nausea and vomiting. Central nervous system involvement outside of the optic nerves and spinal cord is recognized in patients with NMO and NMOSD. Other suggestive symptoms include episodes of intractable nausea, vomiting, hiccups, excessive daytime somnolence or narcolepsy, reversible posterior leukoencephalopathy syndrome, neuroendocrine disorders, and (in children) seizures. While no clinical features are disease-specific, some are highly characteristic. Manifestations that can develop with NMO and NMOSD include encephalopathy, fulminant cerebral demyelination, hypothalamic dysfunction, and posterior reversible leukoencephalopathy. Symptoms related to bilateral hypothalamic lesions may include symptomatic narcolepsy or excessive daytime sleepiness, obesity, and various autonomic manifestations such as hypotension, bradycardia, and hypothermia. In rare cases, fulminant diffuse vasogenic edema can lead to brain herniation and death.  }, Keywords = {NMO, Aqps, NMODS}, volume = {6}, Number = {2}, pages = {21-21}, publisher = {Shefa Neuroscience Research Center}, title_fa = {O21: Aquaporinopathy and Cerebral Inflammation}, abstract_fa ={لطفاً به چکیده انگلیسی مراجعه شود.}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1546-en.html}, eprint = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1546-en.pdf}, journal = {The Neuroscience Journal of Shefaye Khatam}, issn = {2322-1887}, eissn = {2345-4814}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {Foroughipour, Mohse}, title = {O22: Principles of Treatment in Neuro-Inflammation Disorders}, abstract ={Treating Central Nervous System (CNS) neuro-inflammational disorders is of great importance. A key aspect of this treatment includes regulation of Cell-Mediated and humoral immune systems. Previous treatment mostly consisted of systemic immunosuppressive drugs. In addition to having adverse side effects, these drugs were also inefficient, such as methotrexate- Cyclophosphamide-Azathioprine. Recent advances in medicine introduced more effective methods with less side effects, including: Intravenous Immunoglobulin (IVIG): Using IVIG neutralizes Pro-inflammatory antibodies, thus regulating the inflammation. It is widely used in treating Guillain-Barre syndrome. Plasma Exchange: In this method antibodies are removed; Therefore significantly reducing the inflammation. This method is mainly used in treating central and peripheral nervous system inflammations such as Guillain-Barre syndrome and Neuromyelitis optica. < > The main effect of interferons is the regulation of cell-mediated immunity as in treating Multiple Sclerosis.Monoclonal antibodies: Introduction of new monoclonal antibodies has made treatments far more specific, helping us to target immune cells that have key roles in immunosuppressive disorders such as CD19 and CD20. These drugs act either by preventing sensitized cells from entering CNS like Natalizumab or directly inactivating these cells. In conclusion, these novel methods may pave the way for better and more effective treatments in the future.}, Keywords = {Natalizumab, CD19, T cells}, volume = {6}, Number = {2}, pages = {22-22}, publisher = {Shefa Neuroscience Research Center}, title_fa = {O22: Principles of Treatment in Neuro-Inflammation Disorders}, abstract_fa ={لطفاً به چکیده انگلیسی مراجعه شود.}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1548-en.html}, eprint = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1548-en.pdf}, journal = {The Neuroscience Journal of Shefaye Khatam}, issn = {2322-1887}, eissn = {2345-4814}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {Budde, Thomas}, title = {O23: Modulation of Pacemaker Channels and Rhythmic Thalamic Activity by Demyelination and Inflammatory Cytokines}, abstract ={The thalamus is a central element for the generation of rhythmic oscillatory activity under physiological and pathophysiological conditions. Especially slow oscillations in the delta and theta frequency band which normally occur during slow-wave sleep are associated with a number of neuropsychiatric conditions if they occur during wakefulness and may be the basis for the generation of characteristic symptoms. This type of slow rhythmic activity requires sustained membrane hyperpolarization and the cyclic interaction between the pacemaker current, Ih, and the T-type Ca2+ current, IT, on the cellular level. Only recently a critical role of the thalamus in neuroinflammatory diseases like Multiple sclerosis (MS) has been appreciated. However it is unclear how Ih and oscillatory network activity in the thalamocortical system are influenced by MS-related pathologies like demyelination and increases in cytokines. Here we found that general demyelination and pro-inflammatory cytokines differentially modulated the voltage-dependency of Ih in thalamocortical relay neurons and that the availability of this current was an essential parameter for determining the parameters (frequency, number of bursts) of rhythmic thalamocortical activity which may explain some aspects of MS pathology.}, Keywords = {Pacemaker Channels, Thalamic Activity, Inflammatory Cytokines }, volume = {6}, Number = {2}, pages = {23-23}, publisher = {Shefa Neuroscience Research Center}, title_fa = {O23: Modulation of Pacemaker Channels and Rhythmic Thalamic Activity by Demyelination and Inflammatory Cytokines}, abstract_fa ={لطفاً به چکیده انگلیسی مراجعه شود.}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1549-en.html}, eprint = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1549-en.pdf}, journal = {The Neuroscience Journal of Shefaye Khatam}, issn = {2322-1887}, eissn = {2345-4814}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {Müntefering, Thomas and Ruck, Tobias and Thomas, Christian and Simon, Ole and Hundehege, Petra and Grauer, Oliver and Meuth, Sve}, title = {O24: Functional Role of the K2P Potassium Channel TASK-3 in Glioma}, abstract ={TASK-3, a two-pore-domain (K2P) potassium channel, has been implicated as important regulator for the effector function and proliferation of T-cells. Interestingly, TASK-3 has also a functional impact on tumor cells. Therefore, we sought to investigate whether TASK3 modulation might have a therapeutic potential for malignant gliomas by a variety of phenotypical and functional in vitro assays mimicking tumor microenvironment such as hypoxia and an in vivo mouse model for malignant glioma. GL261 glioma cells demonstrated higher proliferation rates under hypoxia, while proliferation and viability of WT (wildtype) T-cells was significantly reduced. Of note, TASK3-/- T-cells were more resistant to hypoxia-induced anergy and cell death indicating a potential advantage in immune-mediated tumor defense. In accordance, TASK-3-/- mice demonstrated a longer symptom-free survival in the GL261 malignant glioma model compared to WT mice (31 versus 23 days). To dissect an immune-cell mediated effect, we performed an adoptive transfer of splenocytes in RAG-/- mice, which do not contain mature B- or T-cells. Transferring TASK-3-/- splenocytes, we observed prolonged symptom-free survival (21 days) compared to WT splenocytes (17 days). Therefore, our results indicate a role of TASK3 in immune-cell mediated tumor defense mechanisms providing first evidence for a new therapeutic target in glioma therapy.}, Keywords = {Potassium Channel, Glioma, Tumor}, volume = {6}, Number = {2}, pages = {24-24}, publisher = {Shefa Neuroscience Research Center}, title_fa = {O24: Functional Role of the K2P Potassium Channel TASK-3 in Glioma}, abstract_fa ={لطفاً به چکیده انگلیسی مراجعه شود.}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1551-en.html}, eprint = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1551-en.pdf}, journal = {The Neuroscience Journal of Shefaye Khatam}, issn = {2322-1887}, eissn = {2345-4814}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {Farzadfard, Mohammad Taghi}, title = {O25: Treatment of Autoimmune Epilepsy}, abstract ={Seizure and epilepsy can be related to autoimmune diseases and processes. Accurate diagnosis is essential for better treatment of these conditions. Different clinical studies have been conducted to diagnose and treat autoimmune epilepsy. Rapid treatment of these diseases helps to Improve prognosis and less relapses. Conventional epilepsy treatments including antiepileptic drugs are less successful in these cases. Early first line immunotherapy (corticosteroids, intravenous immunoglobulin, plasma exchange) provides fair response to autoimmune encephalitides but half or more patients require a second-line immunotherapy. (Rituximab, Cyclophosphamide). A significant percentage of patients are resistant to first and second line immunotherapy and require further treatment.}, Keywords = {Autoimmune Epilepsy, Treatment, Immunotherapy}, volume = {6}, Number = {2}, pages = {25-25}, publisher = {Shefa Neuroscience Research Center}, title_fa = {O25: Treatment of Autoimmune Epilepsy}, abstract_fa ={لطفاً به چکیده انگلیسی مراجعه شود.}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1553-en.html}, eprint = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1553-en.pdf}, journal = {The Neuroscience Journal of Shefaye Khatam}, issn = {2322-1887}, eissn = {2345-4814}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {Poonaki, Elham and Gorji, Ali and SahabNegah, Saj}, title = {O26: Targeted Delivery of siRNA in a Nano-Particle Suppress Glioblastoma Stem Cells}, abstract ={Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are suggested as the most dominant causes of recurrence due to their permanent self-renewal and resistance to common cancer treatment in glioblastoma multiform (GBM) which is recognized as the most malignant of brain tumor. It has been indicated that Retinoblastoma-binding protein 5 (RBBP5), a main part of Mixed lineage leukemia protein-1 (MLL1), plays a significant role in cancer stem cell survival. In this study the viability of CSCs derived from human GBM will be evaluated by knocking down the RBBP5 via their SiRNA. To enhance passing the SiRNA thorough the blood-brain barrier, PLGA nanocarrier will be used. CSCs isolated from Human GBM and cultured. To target specific stem cells involved in the growth and spread of cancer cells, CD133+ as a CSCs antigen will be conjugated on the surface of PLGA and then conjugated to SiRNA.  The viability, proliferation, apoptosis, and differentiation of CSCs will be performed as a primary outcome. The expression of self-renewal markers such as NANOG, SOX2, CD133+, and Ki67 will be assessed as a secondary outcome. The probable prediction is descending the population of CSCs in the tumors that supposed to recurrence and short life expectancy. In conclusion, the nano drug can decrease the number of CSCs and increase the survival time in the GBM patients.  }, Keywords = {Glioblastoma, Cancer Stem Like Cells, Nanoparticle}, volume = {6}, Number = {2}, pages = {26-26}, publisher = {Shefa Neuroscience Research Center}, title_fa = {O26: Targeted Delivery of siRNA in a Nano-Particle Suppress Glioblastoma Stem Cells}, abstract_fa ={لطفاً به چکیده انگلیسی مراجعه شود.}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1555-en.html}, eprint = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1555-en.pdf}, journal = {The Neuroscience Journal of Shefaye Khatam}, issn = {2322-1887}, eissn = {2345-4814}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {Abdolahi, Sara and Ghasemi, Sepideh and Azarhomayoun, Amir and Gorji, Ali}, title = {O27: Interaction of Cancer Stem Cells and Microglia in Glioblastoma Multiforme}, abstract ={Malignant gliomas are highly invasive brain tumors with the occurrence of multiple microglia/macrophages in the tumor microenvironment. Macrophages/microglia that found in glioma microenvironment, as tumor-infiltrating immune cells, can play a harmful role in tumor progression. In addition, glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) contains multiple aberrant differentiation and tumorigenic cancer stem cells (CSCs) that contribute to tumor heterogeneity and resistance to anti-cancer therapies. The present study was aimed to understand the interaction between microglial cells and CSCs in a co-culture system. Specific markers used for the characterization of CSCs and microglia in GBM tissues obtained from patients. Then, we applied a co-culture system consisting of permeable membrane allowing secreted soluble factors to diffuse. Measuring the effects of cytokines secreted by activated and non-activated microglia on CSCs, MTS cell proliferation assay were performed. Cell viability in CSCs treated with non-activated microglia was significantly reduced compared to the group that treated with activated microglia. The activated microglia/macrophages may interfere in the process of tumor angiogenesis, metastasis niches, recurrence and support tumour invasiveness.  }, Keywords = {Microglia, Cancer Stem Cells, Cell Culture}, volume = {6}, Number = {2}, pages = {27-27}, publisher = {Shefa Neuroscience Research Center}, title_fa = {O27: Interaction of Cancer Stem Cells and Microglia in Glioblastoma Multiforme}, abstract_fa ={لطفاً به چکیده انگلیسی مراجعه شود.}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1556-en.html}, eprint = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1556-en.pdf}, journal = {The Neuroscience Journal of Shefaye Khatam}, issn = {2322-1887}, eissn = {2345-4814}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {Tabatabai, Mohamm}, title = {W1: Somatoform Pain Disorders Fibromyalgia is a Mental or Somatic Disease?}, abstract ={Mental disorders with pain as a leading symptom are remnat diagnostic categories for physicians and psychotherapist, even if they are educated in pain treatment. Patients with somatoform pain disorder (ICD-10: F45.4) are often diagnosed only after several years and multiple diagnostic procedures, in some cases after iatrogenic impairment. The clinical practical features, diagnostic procedure and differential diagnosis in somatoform pain patients as well as current psychotherapeutic approaches are outlined.}, Keywords = {Pain Disorders, Somatic Disease, Fibromyalgia}, volume = {6}, Number = {2}, pages = {28-28}, publisher = {Shefa Neuroscience Research Center}, title_fa = {W1: Somatoform Pain Disorders Fibromyalgia is a Mental or Somatic Disease?}, abstract_fa ={  لطفاً به چکیده انگلیسی مراجعه شود.}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1560-en.html}, eprint = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1560-en.pdf}, journal = {The Neuroscience Journal of Shefaye Khatam}, issn = {2322-1887}, eissn = {2345-4814}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {Radmehr, Siamak}, title = {W2: “Discogenic Pain and the Way to Treatment”}, abstract ={The exact differentiation of the back pain and its backgrounds made the base of much research. Various triggers also have different pathomechanism. This background is used after accurate detection in the treatment of back pain. Discogenic pain is a particular challenge in pathobiochemistry and therapy.}, Keywords = {Pain, Treatment, Discogenic}, volume = {6}, Number = {2}, pages = {29-29}, publisher = {Shefa Neuroscience Research Center}, title_fa = {W2: “Discogenic Pain and the Way to Treatment”}, abstract_fa ={  لطفاً به چکیده انگلیسی مراجعه شود.}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1561-en.html}, eprint = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1561-en.pdf}, journal = {The Neuroscience Journal of Shefaye Khatam}, issn = {2322-1887}, eissn = {2345-4814}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {Shareghi, Kasr}, title = {W3: Intra-Operative Imaging and Brain Pathology}, abstract ={The Intraoperative MRI is of great importance in the surgical removal of gliomas or cranial base tumors. However, the sole use of a intraoperative MRI is problematic, so that a dual system has been developed to optimize the utilization of the equipment, which can be used both for neurosurgical patients and for outpatient or stationary Patients. Within the framework of the new head Center at the Asklepios Clinic Nord/Heidberg, in Hamburg/ Germany a 1.5 T-MRT was connected directly to the neurosurgical operation-tract in 2011, which is provided with two separate entrances. The treatment of the MRI room, such as air purification, is carried out according to the same standards that apply to neurosurgical operation units. The dual system concept is suitable for intraoperative, outpatient or stationary MRI investigations and does not lead to an increased risk of infection or treatment. Moreover, this concept also makes sense from the economic side.}, Keywords = {Intra-Operative Imaging, Brain, Pathology}, volume = {6}, Number = {2}, pages = {30-30}, publisher = {Shefa Neuroscience Research Center}, title_fa = {W3: Intra-Operative Imaging and Brain Pathology}, abstract_fa ={  لطفاً به چکیده انگلیسی مراجعه شود.}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1563-en.html}, eprint = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1563-en.pdf}, journal = {The Neuroscience Journal of Shefaye Khatam}, issn = {2322-1887}, eissn = {2345-4814}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {SahabNegah, Sajad and PasbanBovanlo, Sara and Ariakia, Fatemeh}, title = {W4: Cancer Stem Cells as a New Target Point for Treatment of Glioblastoma}, abstract ={Glioblastoma is a destructive form of brain tumor that kills most patients within two years of diagnosis.Treatments for glioblastoma include the usual options of surgery, radiation therapy and chemotherapy, but there is no effective treatment. The tumors are capable of spreading tendrils out into the brain and it can grow back in a matter of months after being removed. The cancer stem cell (CSC) provides an alternative model to explain the tumor cell heterogeneity. CSCs are thought to be the less differentiated populations in malignant tissues and are considered to be the cells that are responsible for the maintenance of tumor tissues, as well as for the relapse of tumors after conventional treatment. This review provided the confirmation for the presence of CSCs in primary tumors. The CSC hypothesis raises the expectation that targeting of CSCs in tumors will lead to an improved clinical outcome because they are thought to be the ‘‘root’’ of growing tumors.}, Keywords = {Glioblastoma, Cancer Stem Cells, Treatment}, volume = {6}, Number = {2}, pages = {31-31}, publisher = {Shefa Neuroscience Research Center}, title_fa = {W4: Cancer Stem Cells as a New Target Point for Treatment of Glioblastoma}, abstract_fa ={  لطفاً به چکیده انگلیسی مراجعه شود.}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1564-en.html}, eprint = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1564-en.pdf}, journal = {The Neuroscience Journal of Shefaye Khatam}, issn = {2322-1887}, eissn = {2345-4814}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {Talebi, Homa and HajizadehMoghaddam, Akbar and Zare, Mahbobe and KhanjaniJelodar, Sedigheh}, title = {P1: Dextran Curcumin Promotes Novel Object Recognition Memory in Rats after Ischemic Stroke}, abstract ={Ischemic stroke causes the depletion of energy and induces excitotoxicity and neuroinflammation in the brain that results from thrombotic blockage. Cerebral ischemia leads to many types of memory loss, including impairment of working, spatial and object recognition memoreis. Curcumin shows strong anti-oxidoinflammatory activities but it terapathics limited by its low solubility in water and corresponding poor intestinal absorption. So, in this study curcumin used in conjugate with dextran as polymeric carriers in novel drug delivery system. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of dextran-curcumin on memory impairment induced by global ischemia. In this study 35 rats individed 5 groups. Pre-treatment and positive control groups, were treated with curcumin and dextran- curcumin (15mg/kg - orally) for 30 days and the vehicle and disease groups received distillated water. For induction of ischemic stroke model, rat were anaesthetized and both right and left carotid arteries were selected and clamped for 5 min by vascular clamps (time of ischemia), There after the vascular clamps were removed for the next 10 min (time of reperfusion), and both carotid arteries were clamped again for 5 min. Finally, the vascular clamps were removed and blood circulation was return in both carotid arteries, 48 hours after induction of model, Novel Object Recognition test was used to determine memory impairment in all rats. Our study indicated that memory impairment increace in ischemic groupe and dextran curcumin has memory-improving effects after global ischemic stroke (p˂ 0.01): Dextran-curcumin has memory-improving capacity better than curcumin in lower does.  }, Keywords = {Dextran-Curcumin, Memory, Ischemic Stroke}, volume = {6}, Number = {2}, pages = {32-32}, publisher = {Shefa Neuroscience Research Center}, title_fa = {P1: Dextran Curcumin Promotes Novel Object Recognition Memory in Rats after Ischemic Stroke}, abstract_fa ={  لطفاً به چکیده انگلیسی مراجعه شود.}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1558-en.html}, eprint = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1558-en.pdf}, journal = {The Neuroscience Journal of Shefaye Khatam}, issn = {2322-1887}, eissn = {2345-4814}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {Heidarnia, Zinat and Mohammadzadeh, Mohammad and SahabNegah, Saj}, title = {P2: The Role of Neuronal Nitric Oxide Synthase on the Anti-Seizure Effects of 5-HT1A Receptors in Perforant Pathway Kindling Model in Rat}, abstract ={Neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) plays a role in synaptic potentiation and kindling process.The relationship between nNOS and 5-HT1A receptors also nearly has been specified. In this research,we investigate the role of nNOS on the anticonvulsant effect of 5-HT1A receptors. 24 male (280 ± 30 g) were randomly assigned to four groups (vehicle,NI,Way 100635 and NI + Way100635) (n = 6). Animals received one of the above compounds 30 min before application of the kindling stimulus. In the NI + Way100635 group, 10 min later Intra ventricle injection Way100635, intraperitoneal nitroindazole (NI) was injected. After application daily stimulation (12 times a day, with a 5 minute interval), up to five days, the seizure and electrophysiological quantities (after discharge duration and local field potentials) were recorded and measured. Data analysis showed that the Way100635 and NI+Way groups were kindled significantly faster than the vehicle group (P <0.001).The changes in afterdischarge duration increased in the NI + Way group over the five days when compared to the control group, but was not significant (P> 0.05). Also, the slope of field potentials in the NI + Way group was significantly higher than that of the vehicle group (P <0.05). Likely, nNOS is one of the mediators of the inhibitory effect of serotonin 5-HT1A receptors, and activating this pathway augments the anticonvulsant effects of serotonin.}, Keywords = {Serotonin, Kindling, Nitric Oxide Synthase, Seizure}, volume = {6}, Number = {2}, pages = {33-33}, publisher = {Shefa Neuroscience Research Center}, title_fa = {P2: The Role of Neuronal Nitric Oxide Synthase on the Anti-Seizure Effects of 5-HT1A Receptors in Perforant Pathway Kindling Model in Rat}, abstract_fa ={  لطفاً به چکیده انگلیسی مراجعه شود.}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1568-en.html}, eprint = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1568-en.pdf}, journal = {The Neuroscience Journal of Shefaye Khatam}, issn = {2322-1887}, eissn = {2345-4814}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {Norouzlo, Ali and Yusefli, Zeynab and Moghadam, Ebrahim and Mashhadi, Haniye and Biglar, Shahla and Puryaghoob, Maryam}, title = {P3: Investigation of the Relationship between Uncertainty in the Disease with the Frequency of Hospitalization in Patients with Multiple Sclerosis who Referred to the Zanjan MS Society Sclerosis}, abstract ={Multiple sclerosis (MS) affects all aspects of a person's life. Considering the unpredictable progress of MS, Patients suffer from uncertainty about their future health and wellbeing which causes psychological distress and social degradation and consequently it affects the development of the disease. This study aims to investigate the relationship between uncertainty in the disease with the frequency of hospitalization in patients with multiple sclerosis who referred to the Zanjan MS Society. This descriptive-correlation research was conducted in Zanjan MS Society in 1395. A total of 100 patients with MS were selected randomly without placement. The data gathering tool that is used is a demographic questionnaire and Mishel Uncertainty in Illness Scale (MUIS-C) questionnaire. Data were analyzed by SPSS version 16 at a significant level less than 0.05. The results have shown that in this research there was a significant positive correlation between uncertainty and frequency of recurrence (r = 0.387 p = 0.002) and hospitalization (r = 0.261 p = 0.013) during 1 year and people with more uncertainty experienced more recurrence and hospitalization. This study shows that uncertainty in the disease affects the frequency of relapse and admission of MS patients. It seems that finding a way to control the amount of uncertainty in the disease can control the tensions caused by uncertainty in the disease and, consequently, the progression of the disease.  }, Keywords = {Multiple Sclerosis, Psychological Distress, Social Degradation}, volume = {6}, Number = {2}, pages = {34-34}, publisher = {Shefa Neuroscience Research Center}, title_fa = {P3: Investigation of the Relationship between Uncertainty in the Disease with the Frequency of Hospitalization in Patients with Multiple Sclerosis who Referred to the Zanjan MS Society Sclerosis}, abstract_fa ={  لطفاً به چکیده انگلیسی مراجعه شود.}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1569-en.html}, eprint = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1569-en.pdf}, journal = {The Neuroscience Journal of Shefaye Khatam}, issn = {2322-1887}, eissn = {2345-4814}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {Puryaghoob, Maryam}, title = {P4: Assesse the Health Literacy in Multiple Sclerosis Patients}, abstract ={Health literacy is one of the major determinants of health and is one of the important factors in chronic diseases such as Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an inflammatory disease in which the myelin sheaths of the neural cells are damaged in the brain and spinal cord. The aim of this study was to evaluate the Health Literacy Association with Health Behaviors and Health Care Utilization. This study was a cross-sectional study in which 100 patients with multiple sclerosis disease. Selected by the convenience sampling in Qazvin hospital. Respondents completed the Rapid Estimate of Adult Literacy in Medicine, revised (REALM-R) and the Newest Vital Sign (NVS) instrument. For statistical analysis We used logistic and ordinal regression and kruskal-wallis and mann-witney and 2 test. Mean age of the subjects was 33/43±8/53 years. On the NVS, 63% of respondents had a high likelihood of inadequate literacy and 26% had borderline health literacy and 11% had adequate health literacy. On the Realm-r, 7% had inadequate literacy and 93% had adequate health literacy, Using logistic regression the frequency of alcohol consumption and using cigarret (p<0/05) and level of education (p-value=0/045) were associated with higher odds of having inadequately health literacy as assessed by the Realm-r. There was a significant correlation between Realm-r health literacy (p value=0/007) and NVS (p-value=0/005) with visits to the emergency room (ER), and hospitalizations in the last 6 months. Based on the results of the current study it is necessary to pay more attention to the health literacy level of the affected people and promote it in health programs and health promotion. Health literacy is one of the major determinants of health and is one of the important factors in chronic diseases such as Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an inflammatory disease in which the myelin sheaths of the neural cells are damaged in the brain and spinal cord. The aim of this study was to evaluate the Health Literacy Association with Health Behaviors and Health Care Utilization. This study was a cross-sectional study in which 100 patients with multiple sclerosis disease. Selected by the convenience sampling in Qazvin hospital. Respondents completed the Rapid Estimate of Adult Literacy in Medicine, revised (REALM-R) and the Newest Vital Sign (NVS) instrument. For statistical analysis We used logistic and ordinal regression and kruskal-wallis and mann-witney and 2 test. Mean age of the subjects was 33/43±8/53 years. On the NVS, 63% of respondents had a high likelihood of inadequate literacy and 26% had borderline health literacy and 11% had adequate health literacy. On the Realm-r, 7% had inadequate literacy and 93% had adequate health literacy, Using logistic regression the frequency of alcohol consumption and using cigarret (p<0/05) and level of education (p-value=0/045) were associated with higher odds of having inadequately health literacy as assessed by the Realm-r. There was a significant correlation between Realm-r health literacy (p value=0/007) and NVS (p-value=0/005) with visits to the emergency room (ER), and hospitalizations in the last 6 months. Based on the results of the current study it is necessary to pay more attention to the health literacy level of the affected people and promote it in health programs and health promotion.  }, Keywords = {Health Literacy, Multiple Sclerosis, MS Patients}, volume = {6}, Number = {2}, pages = {35-35}, publisher = {Shefa Neuroscience Research Center}, title_fa = {P4: Assesse the Health Literacy in Multiple Sclerosis Patients}, abstract_fa ={  لطفاً به چکیده انگلیسی مراجعه شود.}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1572-en.html}, eprint = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1572-en.pdf}, journal = {The Neuroscience Journal of Shefaye Khatam}, issn = {2322-1887}, eissn = {2345-4814}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {Solymani, Mohammadhosein and Alizadeh, Setareh}, title = {P5: Comparing the Effectiveness of Selected Tai Chi Exercises and Core Stabilization Exercises on Balance and Quality of Life in Parkinson Patients}, abstract ={Parkinson's disease is one of the most common central nervous system damaging diseases which mainly affects the elderly. The variety of disorders and complications associated with the disease puts the patients in so much trouble. Some of these problems include disorder in balance, walking and Decrease in quality of life. The purpose of this study was Comparing the effectiveness of selected tai chi exercises and core stabilization exercises on balance and quality of life in Parkinson patients. In this study, 36 Parkinson patients were purposefully selected and were divided into three groups; Tai Chi, core stabilization exercises and control group. Biodex balance system meter and Quality of Life Questionnaire were used to measure the patients' balance and Quality of Life. The two experimental groups underwent Tai Chi and core stabilization exercises for 8 weeks. MANCOVA was used to analyze the results. Statistical results showed that there was a significant difference between balance in the control group with tai chi and core stability groups (P<0/05). There was no significant difference between the two experimental groups (P>0/05). This means that the effect of these exercises in improving balance is equal. Because of   Improving Balance and Quality of Life, we recommend tai chi and core stabilization exercises as a complementary treatment alongside medicinal treatments for Parkinson patients.  }, Keywords = {Parkinson's Disease, Exercise Training, Balance, Quality of Life}, volume = {6}, Number = {2}, pages = {36-36}, publisher = {Shefa Neuroscience Research Center}, title_fa = {P5: Comparing the Effectiveness of Selected Tai Chi Exercises and Core Stabilization Exercises on Balance and Quality of Life in Parkinson Patients}, abstract_fa ={  لطفاً به چکیده انگلیسی مراجعه شود.}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1574-en.html}, eprint = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1574-en.pdf}, journal = {The Neuroscience Journal of Shefaye Khatam}, issn = {2322-1887}, eissn = {2345-4814}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {Nobahar, Monir and Babamohamadi, Hassan and Saffari, Mohaddeseh and Samaei, Afshin and Mirmohammadkhani, Maji}, title = {P6: Relationship Among Dimensions of Roy Adaptation Model, General Health and Satisfaction with Life in Parkinson Disease Patients}, abstract ={Parkinson disease (PD) is a chronic, progressive and debilitating disease. This study aimed to determine the relationship between the dimensions of Roy Adaptation Model (RAM) and General Health (GH) and Satisfaction with Life (SWL) in PD patients. This was a cross-sectional study. Samples were selected from the PD patients in 2016. The data was gathered by demographic, RAM, GH and SWL Scale questionnaires. In PD patients, total adaptation score was 21.26±3.24. The dimensions of adaptation, the scores of physiologic mode, self-concept, role function and interdependence were 74.7±9.33, 32.37±6.04, 24.30±5.00 and 20.93±2.46, respectively. There was significant relationship between education and physiologic mode (P=0.048) and there were significant relationships between PD experience, employment and gender and total adaptation score (P=0.002, P=0.007, P=0.006, respectively). Mean and standard deviation of total general health score was 30.97±5.03 and the means and standard deviations of its dimensions, including somatic symptoms, anxiety and insomnia, social dysfunction and depression were 10.26±2.71, 9.73±2.77, 5.13±2.23 and 5.83±1.91, respectively. There were significant relationships between social dysfunction and physiologic mode and self-concept (P=0.024 and P=0.012, respectively). The mean and standard deviation of satisfaction with life score was 21.47±3.57. Satisfaction with life had no relationship with dimensions of RAM and general health. RAM, GH and SWL make the development of high quality care planning possible by assessing the health status of PD patients. This leads to engagement of the patients in self-care, better adaptation, improved quality of life and also helps the nurses to make medical decisions.  }, Keywords = {Roy Adaptation Model, General Health, Satisfaction with Life, Parkinson}, volume = {6}, Number = {2}, pages = {37-37}, publisher = {Shefa Neuroscience Research Center}, title_fa = {P6: Relationship Among Dimensions of Roy Adaptation Model, General Health and Satisfaction with Life in Parkinson Disease Patients}, abstract_fa ={  لطفاً به چکیده انگلیسی مراجعه شود.}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1576-en.html}, eprint = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1576-en.pdf}, journal = {The Neuroscience Journal of Shefaye Khatam}, issn = {2322-1887}, eissn = {2345-4814}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {Nobahar, Monir and Babamohamadi, Hassan and Saffari, Mohaddeseh and Samaei, Afshin and Mirmohammadkhani, Maji}, title = {P7: Dimensions of Adaptation, General Health, and Life Satisfaction in Multiple Sclerosis}, abstract ={Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is a debilitating disease which can affect general health and life' satisfaction. This study aimed to determine dimensions of adaptation, general health, and life satisfaction in MS patients. This study was a cross-sectional that samples were selected from MS patients in 2015. Data was collected by using a demographic questionnaire, Roy Adaptation Model (RAM), General Health Questionnaire (GHQ), and Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS) and analyzed by using of SPSS software. Results indicated the physiological and self-concept was associated with the history of MS, while the role function was associated with marital status. In addition, physiological dimension was associated with education level and occupation. Social functioning was associated with marital status. Somatic symptoms were associated with physiological dimension and self-concept. Anxiety and depression were associated with physiological dimension, self-concept, and role function. Social dysfunction was associated with self-concept and role function. Satisfaction with life did not have any significant relationship with demographic variables, RAM, and GHQ. Finding shown that RAM, GHQ, and SWLS can be used to evaluate the health status of MS patients and to design high quality care programs. Such programs can motivate patients to engage in self-care, show better adaptation, and improve their quality of life.}, Keywords = {Dimensions of Adaptation, General Health, Satisfaction with Life, Multiple Sclerosi}, volume = {6}, Number = {2}, pages = {38-38}, publisher = {Shefa Neuroscience Research Center}, title_fa = {P7: Dimensions of Adaptation, General Health, and Life Satisfaction in Multiple Sclerosis}, abstract_fa ={  لطفاً به چکیده انگلیسی مراجعه شود.}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1577-en.html}, eprint = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1577-en.pdf}, journal = {The Neuroscience Journal of Shefaye Khatam}, issn = {2322-1887}, eissn = {2345-4814}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {Vafaei, Abbas Ali and Safakhah, Hossien Ali and Ghanbari, Ali and Rashidy-Pour, Ali and Seyedinia, Ali and Tarahomi, Parnia and Tavasoli, Azin and Jafari, Simi}, title = {P8: Endocannabinoid System Mediate the Effects of Crocin on Development of Neuropathic Pain in a Rat Model of Chronic Constriction Injury}, abstract ={Neuropathic pain involves injury or alteration of the normal sensory and modulatory nervous systems to produce a set of symptoms that are often difficult to treat. Previous study indicates that saffron has anti-inflammatory properties that may be mediate by neurotransmitter system. In this study we determine the role of cannabinoids receptors in peripheral and central effects of Crocin on behavior neuropathic pain responses in Chronic Constriction Injury (CCI) model in Rat. In this experimental study we used of adult male Wistar rats (220 to 250 g). CCI was induced by setting four loose ligatures around the siatic nerve. In part 1, after nerve lesion, injections of vehicle, Crocin (60 mg/kg) or Win21212 (0.1 mg/kg) as an agonist and AM251(0.1 mg/kg) as an antagonist of endocannabinoid receptors, were injected intraperitoneally in separate groups and continued every day for 2 weeks. In part 2, two weeks after of nerve lesion, injections of vehicle (0.5µl), Crocin (6 µg/0.5µl), Win21212 (0.1 µg/0.5µl), AM251(0.1 µg/0.5µl) were done in intracerebroventricular (ICV) in separate groups. Pain behavioral responses including mechanical allodynia (von Frey filament testing) and thermal hyperalgesia were measured at day 14. Data analyzed by Two-way ANOVA and tukey test. Results indicated that central or peripheral injection of Crocin decreased thermal hyperalgesia and mechanical allodynia. Also central or peripheral Co-administration of Win21212 or AM251 modulate of analgesic effect of Crocin significantly (P<0.05). Findings shown that Crocin have analgesic effects that probably mediated by endocannabinoid mechanism.  }, Keywords = {Crocin, Endocannabinoids Receptors, CCI, Allodynia, Hyperalgesia, Rat}, volume = {6}, Number = {2}, pages = {39-39}, publisher = {Shefa Neuroscience Research Center}, title_fa = {P8: Endocannabinoid System Mediate the Effects of Crocin on Development of Neuropathic Pain in a Rat Model of Chronic Constriction Injury}, abstract_fa ={  لطفاً به چکیده انگلیسی مراجعه شود.}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1579-en.html}, eprint = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1579-en.pdf}, journal = {The Neuroscience Journal of Shefaye Khatam}, issn = {2322-1887}, eissn = {2345-4814}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {Foroughipour, Mohsen and Amini, Azam Sadat and HoseiniNejad, Jav}, title = {P9: Cervical Spinal Cord Extraction in Patients with Multiple Sclerosis Using Magnetic Resonance Imaging for Measuring Cross-Sectional Area}, abstract ={Multiple sclerosis (MS) refers to the lesions that accumulate in the brain and spinal cord. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is the most sensitive and versatile modality used to show changes in the tissues over time. There has been significant interest in evaluating the relationship between the brain atrophy and disease progression rather than the spinal cord atrophy. The cervical spinal cord has an important effect on the disease progression. Regarding the literature, spinal cord abnormalities in MS patients are more common in the cervical segments in comparison to the thoracic and lumbar regions. This study was conducted extract the spinal cord in MS patients from MRI images in the Department of Neurology, Ghaem Hospital, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran. In this study, 51 MRI images were obtained from 49 individuals, out of whom 28 were healthy (21 females and 7 males) and 23 had MS (17 females and 6 males). The participants aged between 21 and 45. The MRI images were normalized using an automatic image analysis method. Thereafter, the desired candidate areas were determined using data preprocessing, edging, and edge detection techniques. Appropriate areas were recognized by applying appropriate conditions and using prior knowledge about spinal cord and vertebrae. By measuring specific parameters that was conducted under the supervision of a consultant, as an input to a well-suited and well-used artificial neural network, it was decided if the person had MS or not. According to the Dyce index, 72% of the regions were accurately selected by the automated method presented in the image segmentation. In addition, we diagnosed MS by measuring the FP, FN, TP, and TN values in artificial neural network outputs with a precision of over 70%. With the help of the proposed method, we tried to find a simple and effective method for auto-segmentation of cervical MRI images with a specific purpose for parsing, measuring the parameters, and then diagnosing MS in patients. The method presented will be of great help to the physician regarding future decision making, and it is hoped that this method and its results, with improvement and implementation, will be used as a technique and accessible to all individuals related to this issue, especially physicians.}, Keywords = {Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Segmentation, Spinal Cord and Vertebrae, Image Analysis, Artificial Neural Network }, volume = {6}, Number = {2}, pages = {40-40}, publisher = {Shefa Neuroscience Research Center}, title_fa = {P9: Cervical Spinal Cord Extraction in Patients with Multiple Sclerosis Using Magnetic Resonance Imaging for Measuring Cross-Sectional Area}, abstract_fa ={  لطفاً به چکیده انگلیسی مراجعه شود.}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1581-en.html}, eprint = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1581-en.pdf}, journal = {The Neuroscience Journal of Shefaye Khatam}, issn = {2322-1887}, eissn = {2345-4814}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {Ghasemi, Sepideh and Abdolahi, Sara and Azarhomayoun, Amir and Gorji, Ali}, title = {P10: Isolation and Culture of Primary Microglial Cells from Glioblastoma Patients}, abstract ={Glioblastoma multiform (GBM) is the most common and malignant form of glial tumors. GBM microenvironment contains various cell types showing characteristics of activated or dimorphic macrophages/microglia. Some of these cells provide significant help for tumor growth, while others are able to inhibit tumor progression. Microglia play a major role in brain function by monitoring tissue for pathogen via phagocytic activities. Following surgical resection, human tissue samples were transfered to the research facility. Then, mechanical and chemical dissociation and enzymatic digestion were performed. Cell pellets were resuspended in media. When reaching complete confluency, mixed glial cultures were shaked to remove astrocytes. Finally immunocytochemistry was performed on remaining cells for characterization. The cells generated from GBM surgeries were likely a mix of microglia and macrophages. A small amount of astrocytes were also presentin the culture. After confirming cell phenotype, a more detailed immunocytochemical analysis was performed. Isolated microglia express Iba1 marker. Microglia obtained from GBM can be utilise for in vitro and in vivo investigation.}, Keywords = {GBM, Microglia, Iba1}, volume = {6}, Number = {2}, pages = {41-41}, publisher = {Shefa Neuroscience Research Center}, title_fa = {P10: Isolation and Culture of Primary Microglial Cells from Glioblastoma Patients}, abstract_fa ={  لطفاً به چکیده انگلیسی مراجعه شود.}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1582-en.html}, eprint = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1582-en.pdf}, journal = {The Neuroscience Journal of Shefaye Khatam}, issn = {2322-1887}, eissn = {2345-4814}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {Baghishani, Farideh and Rahimi, Sadegh and RagerdiKashani, Mohadeseh and Saeedi, Nikoo and Mirdoosti, Motahareh and Beheshti, Farimah and Hosseini, Mahmoud and SahabNegah, Sajad and Gorji, Ali}, title = {P11: Assess the Electrophysiological Activity of Olfactory Bulb in the Animal Model of PTSD and its Relationship with Neuroinflammation in the Olfactory Bulb}, abstract ={Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a mental health condition that's triggered by a terrifying event - either experiencing it or witnessing it. In addition to the relationship between PTSD and neuroinflammation, research indicates that olfactory bulb are effective in anxiety disorders. The aim of this study was to assess the electrophysiological activity of olfactory bulb in the animal model of PTSD and its relationship with neuroinflammation in its area. 36 rats were divided into two groups: control and experiment. The modified Zoladz method was used to establish a PTSD animal model. Then, behavioral tests (open field (OF) and elevated plus maze (EPM)), electrophysiological evaluation (field potential) of olfactory bulb, and assessment of serum cortisol (as an inflammatory marker) were done. It was followed by dissection of the rat’s brains, which could be apply for analysis of neurogenesis and inflammatory factors. In OF test, the time spent in the central area and in EPM test, the time spent in the open arm by the animals of experiment group were lower than that of control group (P<0.05- P<0.01). Moreover, experiment group significantly increased slope, slope 10-90%, amplitude of fEPSP, and also cortisol level compared to control group (P<0.001). Based on our findings, it is concluded that can be a relationship between PTSD and olfactory bulb function. Of course, more molecular investigations have been conducted in order to determine the effect of PTSD on the activity of Mitral and Tufted cells, and its association with neurogenesis and inflammation in olfactory bulb, which helps to identify the role of olfactory bulb in PTSD disorder.}, Keywords = {Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder, Neuroinflammation, Olfactory Bulb}, volume = {6}, Number = {2}, pages = {42-42}, publisher = {Shefa Neuroscience Research Center}, title_fa = {P11: Assess the Electrophysiological Activity of Olfactory Bulb in the Animal Model of PTSD and its Relationship with Neuroinflammation in the Olfactory Bulb}, abstract_fa ={  لطفاً به چکیده انگلیسی مراجعه شود.}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1583-en.html}, eprint = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1583-en.pdf}, journal = {The Neuroscience Journal of Shefaye Khatam}, issn = {2322-1887}, eissn = {2345-4814}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {Beheshti, Farimah and Anaeigoudari, Akbar and Norouzi, Fatemeh and Abareshi, Azam and Shafei, Mohammad Naser and Gholamnezhad, Zahra and Hosseini, Mahmou}, title = {P12: Protective Effects of Nigella Sativa on Synaptic Plasticity Impairment Induced by Lipopolysaccharide}, abstract ={In the present study the protective effect of Nigella sativa (N. sativa) on synaptic plasticity impairment induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in rats was investigated. Fifty-eight rats were grouped and treated as follows: 1) control (saline), 2) LPS, 3) LPS-N. sativa, and 4) N. sativa. In a Morris water maze test, the escape latency and travelled path to find the platform as well as time spent and the travelled distance in target quadrant (Q1) were measured. Long term potentiation (LTP) from CA1 area of hippocampus followed by high frequency stimulation to Schafer collateral was studied and slope, slope 10-90% and amplitude of field excitatory field potential (fEPSP) were calculated. The escape latency and traveled path in LPS group were significantly higher than those in the control group while, in LPS-N. sativa group these parameters were significantly lower than those in LPS group. The rats in LPS group spent less time and travelled shorter distance in Q1 than the rats in the control group while, in LPS-N. sativa group the rats spent more time and travelled longer distance than the rats in LPS group. LPS significantly decreased slope, slope 10-90% and amplitude of fEPSP while, in LPS-N. sativa group these parameters increased compared to LPS group. The results indicated that the hydro-alcohol extract of N. sativa protected against synaptic plasticity and spatial learning and memory impairment induced by LPS in rats.}, Keywords = {Lipopolysaccharide, Long Term Potentiation, Nigella Sativa L, Spatial Memory, Synaptic Plasticity}, volume = {6}, Number = {2}, pages = {43-43}, publisher = {Shefa Neuroscience Research Center}, title_fa = {P12: Protective Effects of Nigella Sativa on Synaptic Plasticity Impairment Induced by Lipopolysaccharide}, abstract_fa ={  لطفاً به چکیده انگلیسی مراجعه شود.}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1584-en.html}, eprint = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1584-en.pdf}, journal = {The Neuroscience Journal of Shefaye Khatam}, issn = {2322-1887}, eissn = {2345-4814}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {Azarakhsh, Masoud and Hamidi, Farshid and Mohebalian, Hadi}, title = {P13: Anti-Inflammatory Effect of Glycyrrhizin on TNF-α Produced by Inflamed Microglia Cell (BV-2)}, abstract ={Glycyrrhiza glabra is a plant used in traditional medicine across the world for its pharmacological value. Its value has been proved such as anti-cough, anti-diabetes, anti-microbial and antioxidant effects. The roots of plant comrised glycyrrhizin which is 50 times sweeter than sugar. Macrophages can stimulated during inflammatory disorders, and with production of multiple inflammatory mediators, they can produce immunogenic effects such as tumor necrosis factor α, but in some cases cause clinical problems and symptoms of infectious and inflammatory diseases. the aim of the present study was to investigate the glycyrrhizin component of the licorice on the level of TNF-α produced as an inflammatory mediator in the cellular model (in vitro). This study was designed through 5 groups (each group has Three times repeatedly). In group 1, BV-2 cells stimulated by lipopolysaccharide, in groups 2, 3, 4 and 5, inflamed cells received 0.2, 0.4, 1.2 and 4 μg/ml glycyrrhizin, respectively. In present study, glycyrrhizin with 0.2 μg/ml concentration had no effect on TNF-α level of inflamed cell. But others groups (0.4, 1.2 and 4 μg/ml) inhibited production of TNF-α in BV-2 cells, rather than first group. We can conclude that licorice is a potential source of natural anti-inflammatory agent. Some studies show that glycyrrhizin have anti-inflammatory effect on microglia cell through reducing other inflammatory factors; also in present study, the inhibitory effect of glycyrrhizin on inflamed cells was confirmed. Although at this time, it still needs further researches for evaluating its pharmaceutical potentialities of its anti-inflammatory mechanisms.}, Keywords = {TNF-α, Glycyrrhizin, Microglia Cell, Inflammation}, volume = {6}, Number = {2}, pages = {44-44}, publisher = {Shefa Neuroscience Research Center}, title_fa = {P13: Anti-Inflammatory Effect of Glycyrrhizin on TNF-α Produced by Inflamed Microglia Cell (BV-2)}, abstract_fa ={  لطفاً به چکیده انگلیسی مراجعه شود.}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1588-en.html}, eprint = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1588-en.pdf}, journal = {The Neuroscience Journal of Shefaye Khatam}, issn = {2322-1887}, eissn = {2345-4814}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {Kafian, Sim}, title = {P14: Segmentation Brain Tumors of FMRI Images by Gabor Wavelet Transform and Fuzzy Clustering}, abstract ={Today, high mortality rates due to brain tumors require early diagnosis in the early stages to treat and reduce mortality. Therefore, the use of automatic methods will be very useful for accurate examination of tumors. In recent years, the use of FMRI images has been considered for clarity and high quality for the diagnosis of tumor and the exact location of the tumor. In this study, a completely automated method for the partitioning of T1, T2, and MR images of tumors is presented using T1 and T2 gamma-ray wavelets, which has acceptable results in the presence of data noise. After applying the SWT wavelet, the Gabor filters are applied to the wavelet approximation at all levels; the texture features such as entropy, second-to-fourth-moment moments, and coefficient of variation are obtained. The outputs of this filter are compared with each other and have a maximum localization in the size of these vectors. And finally these images are referred to as pixel-specific attributes, and to obtain an image with a minimum pixel value, it is given to the Fuzzy clustering algorithm, which generates the finalized output. This algorithm appears. It takes the attributes of the corresponding level and generates an optimal segmentation. Goal This design reduces the error in diagnosing a benign tumor from malignant FMRI in medical science.}, Keywords = {FMRI Images, Gabor, Wavelet Transform, Fuzzy Clustering}, volume = {6}, Number = {2}, pages = {45-45}, publisher = {Shefa Neuroscience Research Center}, title_fa = {P14: Segmentation Brain Tumors of FMRI Images by Gabor Wavelet Transform and Fuzzy Clustering}, abstract_fa ={  لطفاً به چکیده انگلیسی مراجعه شود.}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1589-en.html}, eprint = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1589-en.pdf}, journal = {The Neuroscience Journal of Shefaye Khatam}, issn = {2322-1887}, eissn = {2345-4814}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {Naseri, Gholamreza and Fazel, Alireza and Golalipour, Mohammad Jafar and Haghir, Hossein and Sadeghian, Hamid and Mojarrad, Majid and Hosseini, Mahmoud and ShahrokhiSabzevar, Shokouh and Beheshti, Farimah and Ghorbani, Ahm}, title = {P15: Mephedrone Exposure in Pegnancy Iinduces Antiprolifrative and Proapoptotic Effects in Hippocampus of Mice Delivered Pups}, abstract ={In recent years, abuse of synthetic cathinones, in particular, mephedrone, has increased among young adults worldwide. The study aim is to investigate the effects of mephedrone exposure during the gestational period on mice offspring outcomes, focusing on hippocampal neurotoxicity. The pregnant mice received mephedrone (50mg/kg, sc) on a regular schedule (once daily on all days, from day 5 to 18 of gestation) or repeated schedule (thrice daily on day 5, 6, 11, 12, 17, and 18 of gestation) to simulate regular or recreational use of mephedrone, respectively. Immunohistochemistry and TUNEL assay showed an inhibition of cell proliferation (p<0.05) and an increase of apoptosis (p<0.05) in the hippocampus of delivered pups of the repeated schedule mephedrone group. In conclusion, the present study has shown that repeated use of mephedrone impairs learning and memory processes through hippocampal damage.}, Keywords = {Hippocampus, Mice, Memory}, volume = {6}, Number = {2}, pages = {46-46}, publisher = {Shefa Neuroscience Research Center}, title_fa = {P15: Mephedrone Exposure in Pegnancy Iinduces Antiprolifrative and Proapoptotic Effects in Hippocampus of Mice Delivered Pups}, abstract_fa ={  لطفاً به چکیده انگلیسی مراجعه شود.}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1593-en.html}, eprint = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1593-en.pdf}, journal = {The Neuroscience Journal of Shefaye Khatam}, issn = {2322-1887}, eissn = {2345-4814}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {Ahmadnia, Hananeh and HajizadehMoghaddam, Akbar}, title = {P16: Effect of Hesperetin Nanoparticles on Cerebral Gene Expression and Activity of Catalase and Superoxide Dismutase in Alzheimer’s Rat}, abstract ={Hesperetin (Hst) is a well-known bioflavonoid, has low bioavailability. Hesperetin nanoparticles (Nano-Hst) enhance its bioavailability. Nano-Hst were not explored for their potential therapeutic activities in Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Hence, the present study was performed to evaluate the protective effect of Nano-Hst in comparison to free Hesperetin on against intracerebroventricular injection of streptozotocin (icv-STZ) induced cerebral gene expression and activity antioxidant enzymes impairments in rat model. Nano-Hst prepared by evaporative precipitation of nanosuspension (EPN) method. The rats were divided into six groups including: Control (received water orally and icv-saline), disease group (received 3 mg/kg/rat icv-STZ) and treated groups received Hst and Nano-Hst (10, 20 mg/kg/d) for 3 weeks after icv-STZ. Activity and gene expression of catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were measured in the cerebral cortex. Our result showed that the rat model of AD decreased activity and gene expression of CAT and SOD (p < 0.001). Hst and nano-Hst treatment elevated the activities and gene expression of these enzymes (p < 0.01). Gene expression studies of antioxidant enzymes using Real Time PCR confirmed the enzymes activity. These results indicate that Nano-Hst was more effective than Hst to attenuation oxidative stress induced by STZ in a rat model of Alzheimer’s disease.}, Keywords = {Nano-Hesperetin, Alzheimer’s Disease, Streptozotocin}, volume = {6}, Number = {2}, pages = {47-47}, publisher = {Shefa Neuroscience Research Center}, title_fa = {P16: Effect of Hesperetin Nanoparticles on Cerebral Gene Expression and Activity of Catalase and Superoxide Dismutase in Alzheimer’s Rat}, abstract_fa ={  لطفاً به چکیده انگلیسی مراجعه شود.}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1594-en.html}, eprint = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1594-en.pdf}, journal = {The Neuroscience Journal of Shefaye Khatam}, issn = {2322-1887}, eissn = {2345-4814}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {Khalaj, Rashin and HajizadehMoghadam, Akbar and Zare, Mahbobeh and KhanjaniJelodar, Sedigheh}, title = {P17: Maternal Administration of Nano-Hesperetin Prevents Iincrease of Kidney’s Enzymes and Reduction of Stress-Oxidative in Rat Model of Autism}, abstract ={Autism spectrum disorders are severe neurodevelopmental disorders, marked by impairments in reciprocal social interaction, delays in early language and communication and the presence of restrictive, repetitive and stereotyped behaviors. Depend on the statistic, 1child from each 68 children face with ASD. This statistic shows that probably, the environmental factors play the important role in ASD. Based on this, the aim of this research is to investigate the relation of maternal-offspring in ASD during pregnancy and lactation. In the experimental research, pregnant rats were divided into six groups including: Sham (received water and saline orally), disease group (injected 500 mg/kg valproic acid at gestational day 13) and treatment groups (received 10 and 20mg/kg/day/nano-Hesperetin). Treatment groups received nanocrystal orally for 7 weeks during pregnancy and lactation. The relation of maternal and offspring in ASD was estimated by checking brain anti-oxidant (CAT, SOD, GPx) and kidney’s enzymes (AST, ALT, ALP). The results showed that probably injection of valproic acid increases kidney’s enzymes (p≤0.001) and decrease anti-oxidant enzymes (p≤0.001) in maternal and offsprings compared with control group and treatment of nano-Hst effectively decrease kidney’s enzymes (10 and 20mg/kg; p<0.001) and increase anti-oxidant enzymes (p<0.001) compared with disease group in maternal and offspring. The results of this research showed that probably there relation of maternal and offspring related to ASD and oral administration of nano-Hst prevents reduction of anti-oxidant and increase of kidney’s enzymes in valproic acid model of autism-like.  }, Keywords = {ALP, AST, ALT, Autism, Valproic Acid}, volume = {6}, Number = {2}, pages = {48-48}, publisher = {Shefa Neuroscience Research Center}, title_fa = {P17: Maternal Administration of Nano-Hesperetin Prevents Iincrease of Kidney’s Enzymes and Reduction of Stress-Oxidative in Rat Model of Autism}, abstract_fa ={  لطفاً به چکیده انگلیسی مراجعه شود.}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1596-en.html}, eprint = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1596-en.pdf}, journal = {The Neuroscience Journal of Shefaye Khatam}, issn = {2322-1887}, eissn = {2345-4814}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {Forouzanfar, Fatemeh and Sadeghnia, Hamid R and Hosseinzadeh, Hossein and Khorrami, Mohammad Bagher and Shaterzadeh, Hamideh}, title = {P18: Neuroprotective Effect of Safranal, an Active Ingredient of Crocus Sativus, in a Rat Model of Transient Cerebral Ischemia}, abstract ={Safranal is a monoterpene aldehyde found in saffron (Crocus sativus L.) petals. It has been previously reported that safranal has a wide range of activities such as antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. In this study, we examined the effect of safranal on brain injuries in a transient model of focal cerebral ischemia. Transient focal cerebral ischemia was induced by middle cerebral artery occlusion for 30 min, followed by 24 h of reperfusion. Safranal in the doses of 72.5 and 145 mg/kg was administered intraperitoneally at 0, 3, and 6 h after reperfusion. Neurobehavioral deficit, infarct volume, hippocampal cell loss and markers of oxidative stress including thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), total sulfhydryl (SH) content, and antioxidant capacity (using FRAP assay) were also assessed. The focal cerebral ischemia induced a significant increase in the neurological score, infarct volume and neuronal cell loss in the ipsilateral hippocampal CA1 and CA3 subfields (p < 0.001) and also oxidative stress markers (p < 0.01). Following safranal administration, the total SH content and antioxidant capacity significantly increased, while marked decreases were observed in the neurological score, infarct volume and hippocampal cell loss, as well as TBARS level. This study concluded that safranal had protective effects on ischemic reperfusion injury in the rat model of stroke. Such effects of safranal may have been exerted mainly by suppressing the production of free radicals and increasing antioxidant activity.}, Keywords = {Safranal, Saffron (Crocus sativus L), Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion (MCAO), Cerebral Ischemia, Oxidative Stress}, volume = {6}, Number = {2}, pages = {49-49}, publisher = {Shefa Neuroscience Research Center}, title_fa = {P18: Neuroprotective Effect of Safranal, an Active Ingredient of Crocus Sativus, in a Rat Model of Transient Cerebral Ischemia}, abstract_fa ={  لطفاً به چکیده انگلیسی مراجعه شود.}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1598-en.html}, eprint = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1598-en.pdf}, journal = {The Neuroscience Journal of Shefaye Khatam}, issn = {2322-1887}, eissn = {2345-4814}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {Mirhosseini, Golnaz and Tehranipour, Maryam and MahdaviShahri, Naser}, title = {P19: The Synergistic Effects of Mixture Extract Portulaca Olerace, Urtica Dioica, Boswellia Serrate on Multiple Sclerosis in Rats}, abstract ={Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is an inflammatory disease in CNS. One of prevalent symptoms in MS is memory disorders. Main hippocampus function in brain are memory. Nowadays tendency of herbal therapy is increase because of drug's side effects. This study's purpose is review of synergistic effects of mixture extract Portulaca olerace, Urtica dioica, Boswellia serrate on multiple sclerosis in rats. This study did on 30 head of male rats with 3 month age and 250-300 weigth that randomly divided into five groups (n=6) including control group, sham group (salin injection), (MS+salin) group, (MS+mixture extract (dose 200 mg/kg)), (MS+mixture extract (dose 400 mg/kg)). MS model was induced by intra hippocampal injection of ethidium bromide (stereotaxic surgery) into single dose (0.01% ethidium bromide sulotion in 0.9% salin) and in 3 microlitre volume with 1 microlitre in minute rate intraperitoneally and mixture extract injected as the treatment for 21 days. The shuttle box test did for memory study and from histopathology and dissector methods used for study on neural amelioration. mixture extract causes neurogenesis and memory's amilioration in two treatment groups in comparison with (MS+salin) group, also neural density in treatment group neared to control group after mixture extract injection. mixture extract because of neurogenesis and amilioration effect can effective in memory recovery and neural necrosis in MS disease.}, Keywords = {Multiple Sclerosis, Hippocampus, Neurogenesis}, volume = {6}, Number = {2}, pages = {50-50}, publisher = {Shefa Neuroscience Research Center}, title_fa = {P19: The Synergistic Effects of Mixture Extract Portulaca Olerace, Urtica Dioica, Boswellia Serrate on Multiple Sclerosis in Rats}, abstract_fa ={  لطفاً به چکیده انگلیسی مراجعه شود.}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1599-en.html}, eprint = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1599-en.pdf}, journal = {The Neuroscience Journal of Shefaye Khatam}, issn = {2322-1887}, eissn = {2345-4814}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {SamadiNoshahr, Zahra and Komeili, Gholam Rez}, title = {P20: The Effect of Hydro- Alcoholic Extract of Caralluma Tuberculata on Acute and Chronic Pain in Male Rat}, abstract ={Neuropathic pain, caused by a lesion or disease affecting the somatosensory nervous system, has a substantial effect on quality of patient life. Given that the synthetic drugs can produce serious side effects they are not suitable for long-term use, therefore it is assumed that herbal medicine can be effective as an alternative to Analgesic agent. The aim of this study was evaluation the analgesic effects of hydroalcholic extract of Caralluma tuberculata (Ct) in male rat. 42 Male Wistar rats, weighing 200±20 g, were divided into 7 groups (n=6); Groups included: control, sham-treatd Ct (75, 125, 250mg/kg), and positive control groups, respectively diclofenac (5mg/kg) and morphine (2.5mg/kg) and the group receiving (125mg/kg) extract + naloxone (1mg/kg). One hour later Pain was induced by applying 50 μL of 2.5% formalin in distilled water in the subplantar of the right hind paw. Our findings revealed that the Ct treatment can significantly decrease formalin-induced pain in rat. Ct (125, 250 mg/kg) significantly inhibit the aute phase (P < 0.001), whereas, the all concentration of Ct were affected on the chronic phase of formalin-induced pain (P < 0.001). Our data suggest that the systemic and peripheral antinociception activities of Ct probably were mediated through the opioid receptors in the periphery and also in the central nervous system.}, Keywords = {Acut and Cronic Pain, Formalin Test, Caralluma Tuberculata}, volume = {6}, Number = {2}, pages = {51-51}, publisher = {Shefa Neuroscience Research Center}, title_fa = {P20: The Effect of Hydro- Alcoholic Extract of Caralluma Tuberculata on Acute and Chronic Pain in Male Rat}, abstract_fa ={  لطفاً به چکیده انگلیسی مراجعه شود.}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1600-en.html}, eprint = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1600-en.pdf}, journal = {The Neuroscience Journal of Shefaye Khatam}, issn = {2322-1887}, eissn = {2345-4814}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {Mehrshad, Ali and Shahraki, Mohammad and Mohammadi, Rahim and Akhoondi, Mehran and Raisi, Abbas}, title = {P21: Local Administration of Methylprednisolone Laden Hydrogel Enhances Functional Recovery of Transected Sciatic Nerve in Rat}, abstract ={The repair of peripheral nerve injuries is still one of the most challenging tasks and concerns in neurosurgery. Effect of methylprednisolone-laden hydrogel loaded into a chitosan conduit on the functional recovery of peripheral nerve using a rat sciatic nerve regeneration model was assessed. A 10-mm sciatic nerve defect was bridged using a chitosan conduit (CHIT/CGP-Hydrogel) filled with CGP-hydrogel. In authograft group (AUTO) a segment of sciatic nerve was transected and reimplanted reversely. In methylprednisolone treated group (CHIT/MP) the conduit was filled with methylprednisolone-laden CGP-hydrogel. The regenerated fibers were studied within 16 weeks after surgery. The behavioral, functional and electrophysiological studies confirmed faster recovery of the regenerated axons in methylprednisolone treated group compared to CHIT/Hydrogel group (P <0.05). The mean ratios of gastrocnemius muscles weight were measured. There was statistically significant difference between the muscle weight ratios of CHIT/MP and CHIT/Hydrogel groups (P<0.05). Morphometric indices of regenerated fibers showed number and diameter of the myelinated fibers were significantly higher in CHIT/MP than in CHIT/Hydrogel group. Methylprednisolone-laden hydrogel when loaded in a chitosan conduit resulted in improvement of functional recovery and quantitative morphometric indices of sciatic nerve. It may have clinical implications for the surgical management of patients after facial nerve transection injuries.  }, Keywords = {Peripheral Nerve Repair, Methylprednisolone, Chitosan Conduit, Sciatic Nerve, Rat}, volume = {6}, Number = {2}, pages = {52-52}, publisher = {Shefa Neuroscience Research Center}, title_fa = {P21: Local Administration of Methylprednisolone Laden Hydrogel Enhances Functional Recovery of Transected Sciatic Nerve in Rat}, abstract_fa ={  لطفاً به چکیده انگلیسی مراجعه شود.}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1602-en.html}, eprint = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1602-en.pdf}, journal = {The Neuroscience Journal of Shefaye Khatam}, issn = {2322-1887}, eissn = {2345-4814}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {Saeedi, Nikoo and Abbasian, Hass}, title = {P22: Studying Antialgesic Effect of Chamomile, Fennel and Saffron, Herbal Compound in Mail Rats}, abstract ={Some plants have beneficial effects on diseases. In ancient times they were be used as a drug. According to our herbal medicine history we combained chamomile which decrease the pain and healing scares,with fennel, a plant as a antiinflammator and saffron,a plant which is using for treating insomnia  and as a antidepressor . First we choosed 15 matured,healthy and male rats that they weigh 200 grams approximately. Then we devide them into three groups.The control group which didn’t get any injection, the control positive group which we injected them as regular as the experiment group but its content was just water and the experiment group that were injected regularly and with specific dose. We continued these injections  for one week.After one week we tested their rate of anxiety by elevated plus maze(EPM).After that we processed our datas by SPSS software. After comparing the datas with each other,we observed that there was significant reducton in the anxiety of  our experiment group. It seems that,these reduction is because of regular injecting and specific dose in each time.  }, Keywords = {Anxiety, Fennel, Chamomile, Saffron}, volume = {6}, Number = {2}, pages = {53-53}, publisher = {Shefa Neuroscience Research Center}, title_fa = {P22: Studying Antialgesic Effect of Chamomile, Fennel and Saffron, Herbal Compound in Mail Rats}, abstract_fa ={  لطفاً به چکیده انگلیسی مراجعه شود.}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1605-en.html}, eprint = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1605-en.pdf}, journal = {The Neuroscience Journal of Shefaye Khatam}, issn = {2322-1887}, eissn = {2345-4814}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {Boskabadi, Javad and Boskabady, Mohammad Hossei}, title = {P23: The Effects of Captopril, as Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Inhibitor, on LPS-Induced Systemic Inflammation}, abstract ={It has been shown that the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) plays key roles in the inflammation process. Imbalance in the oxidant-antioxidant system is one of the major causes of inflammation. In the present study, the effects of captopril on total and differential WBC, oxidative stress in systemic inflammation produced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) were investigated. The rats were divided to: control (saline), LPS (1 mg/kg), 12.5, 25 or 50 mg/kg captopril treated before LPS administration (LPS-Cap12.5 , LPS-Cap 25 and LPS-Cap 50) and captopril 50 mg/kg before saline administration (positive control group) groups. The levels of total and percentage of differential WBC in blood, the levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), total thiol groups, the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) in the serum were evaluated. In the LPS group, total WBCs count, percent of neutrophils, basophils, eosinophils, monocytes in blood and MDA levels in serum were significantly higher than the control group (p<0.05 to p<0.001). Total WBCs count and percentage of eosinophils in the blood of LPS-Cap25 and LPS-Cap50 groups, percentage of neutrophils, monocytes, basophils in the blood and MDA levels in serum of LPS-Cap50 group were significantly decreased compared to the LPS group. Total thiol groups, activity of SOD and CAT enzymes, percentage of lymphocytes in the LPS-Cap50 group were significantly increased compared to LPS group. (p<0.05 to p<0.001). The results of this study showed that captopril dose dependently reduced total and percentage of differential white blood cells in systemic inflammation induced by LPS in rats and also improved inflammatory responses and oxidative stress.}, Keywords = {Captopril, Inflammation, Lipopolysaccharide, Oxidative Stress}, volume = {6}, Number = {2}, pages = {54-54}, publisher = {Shefa Neuroscience Research Center}, title_fa = {P23: The Effects of Captopril, as Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Inhibitor, on LPS-Induced Systemic Inflammation}, abstract_fa ={  لطفاً به چکیده انگلیسی مراجعه شود.}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1606-en.html}, eprint = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1606-en.pdf}, journal = {The Neuroscience Journal of Shefaye Khatam}, issn = {2322-1887}, eissn = {2345-4814}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {Farhangdoost, Negar and MoshirianFarahi, Mohammad Mahdi and AsghariEbrahimabad, Mohammad Javad and GhanaeiChamanabad, Ali}, title = {P24: Clarifying the Relationship between EEG Power and Neuroticism}, abstract ={The aim of this study was to clarify the relationship between EEG power and neuroticism trait. We used correlational method in order to examine the hypotheses. The participants included twenty-five undergraduate students (age mean= 21.36, SD= 23.39) at Ferdowsi university of Mashhad that were selected as volunteers. All participants were right-handed and had normal or corrected-to-normal visual acuity. We used the self-report version of the Revised NEO Personality Inventory (NEO-PI-R; Costa & McCrae, 1992) to measure neuroticism factor. In order to record brain activity, Mitsar EEG-201 (Mitsar Co. Ltd. Saint Petersburg, Russia) was used. As regard to Stepwise regression’s results, parietal in alpha band could predict 40 percent of neuroticism (P<0.05, F=15.77). Also, parietal in alpha band and frontal in delta band could predict 22 percent of neuroticism (P<0.05, F=12.97). Additionally, parietal and frontal in alpha band and frontal in delta band could predict 7 percent of neuroticism (P<0.05, F=4.95). Finally, parietal, frontal in alpha and delta bands could significantly predict 10 percent of neuroticism (P<0.05, F=9.98). To sum up, by considering EEG measuring, neuroticism is associated with reward motivation and punishment, anxiety, depression, behavioral inhibition, brainstem activity and thalamacortical system. In fact, our findings could not completely support previous studies, because there were inconsistent and consistent findings as regard to neuroticism.   }, Keywords = {EEG, Absolute Power, Neuroticism}, volume = {6}, Number = {2}, pages = {55-55}, publisher = {Shefa Neuroscience Research Center}, title_fa = {P24: Clarifying the Relationship between EEG Power and Neuroticism}, abstract_fa ={  لطفاً به چکیده انگلیسی مراجعه شود.}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1608-en.html}, eprint = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1608-en.pdf}, journal = {The Neuroscience Journal of Shefaye Khatam}, issn = {2322-1887}, eissn = {2345-4814}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {Shirzad, Shima and Nemati, Ali}, title = {P25: The Effect of Toad Skin Extract on Alzheimer\'s Disease – Lnduced Depression Based on Behavioral Test in rRats}, abstract ={Alzheimer’s disease is the most common cause of dementia with associated symptoms such as depression, anxiety and psychosis. Increased expression of inflammatory mediators in postmortem brains of people with AD has been reported, and epidemiological studies link the use of anti-inflammatory drugs with reduced risk for the disorder. Present studies have shown that toad medicines decrease inflammation through a variety of mechanisms, including inhibition of NF𝜅B and its signaling molecules and pathways. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of toad skin secretion on recovery from stress and depression caused by AD based on the behavioral tests. 50 rats were divided into 5 groups; 1) control, 2) Alzheimer’s recipient of beta-amyloid (1-42) into cerebral ventricular injection of 2 µl, 3-5) Alzheimer recipient toad skin secretion respectively by 20, 40 and 80 ml/kg in 6 times during 20 days; respectively. After this period, the behavioral tests (forced swimming test, open field test, elevated plus maze) was used to assess stress and depression. I.C.V infusion of Alzheimer’s beta amyloid was increased immobility time in samples. Results showed a significant reduction duration of immobilization in the dose of 20 about (p˂0.01) and at doses of 40 and 80 ml/kg approximately (p˂ 0.001), respectively. The open field test’s result indicate an increase in the number of homes passed were dose-dependent increase in dose level 80 (p˂0.05) respectively. The elevated plus maze’s results indicate an increase the duration of the deployment in open arms dose of 80 to limit (p˂0.001) respectively. Establishment of the close arm time is a measure of stress in a dose of 80 significantly extend (p˂0.01) declined. the result indicated that the use of toad skin secretion improved depression caused by AD, so compounds in this secretion can be considered as a candidate relive depression and AD. However, further studies are needed to determine its exact mechanism of action.  }, Keywords = {Toad, Alzheimer's Disease, Depression}, volume = {6}, Number = {2}, pages = {56-56}, publisher = {Shefa Neuroscience Research Center}, title_fa = {P25: The Effect of Toad Skin Extract on Alzheimer\'s Disease – Lnduced Depression Based on Behavioral Test in rRats}, abstract_fa ={  لطفاً به چکیده انگلیسی مراجعه شود.}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1609-en.html}, eprint = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1609-en.pdf}, journal = {The Neuroscience Journal of Shefaye Khatam}, issn = {2322-1887}, eissn = {2345-4814}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {Hajiluian, Ghazaleh and AbbasalizadFarhangi, Mahdieh and Nameni, Ghazaleh and Shahabi, Parviz and Mesgari-Abbasi, Mehr}, title = {P26: Vitamin D Administration, Cognitive Function, Blood Brain Barrier Permeability and Neuro-Inflammatory Factors in High-Fat Diet Induced Obese Rats}, abstract ={Recently neuro-inflammation and cognitive impairment has attracted attention. It has been suggested that obesity lead to cognitive impairments induced by neuro-inflammatory markers like nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kB) and reduced neurotrophin factors like brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in the hippocampus. Also, increased blood brain barrier (BBB) permeability. Because of the neuro-protective effects of vitamin D, we aimed to investigate the effects of vitamin D on cognitive function, NF-kB and BDNF concentrations in the hippocampus and BBB permeability high-fat diet induced obese rats. Forty male Wistar rats were fed either a control diet (CD) or high fat diet (HFD) for 16 weeks, then each group randomized in to two subgroups supplemented with vitamin D for 5 weeks. Morris Water Maze test was done at the 21st week to examine cognitive function, BBB permeability was characterized by measuring Evans blue dye in the hippocampus. Moreover, BDNF and NF- kB protein levels in the hippocampus. HFD significantly led to cognitive impairments, due to elevated NF-kB concentrations as neuroinflammatory factor (P=0.01) and reduction of BDNF (P=0.04) concentrations in the hippocampus. we showed that vitamin D supplementation in HFD group reduced body weight, NF- kB concentrations, BBB permeability (P=0.001 and P=0.03 respectively) and increased BDNF concentrations (P=0.002). Vitamin D reversed HFD induced cognitive impairments via reduction of the NF-kB, elevation in BDNF and modulation of BBB permeability in hippocampus, thus it can be considered as a beneficial therapeutic approach for prevention and treatment of neuroinflammation and cognitive deficits.}, Keywords = {Obese, Vitamin D, Blood Brain Barrier}, volume = {6}, Number = {2}, pages = {57-57}, publisher = {Shefa Neuroscience Research Center}, title_fa = {P26: Vitamin D Administration, Cognitive Function, Blood Brain Barrier Permeability and Neuro-Inflammatory Factors in High-Fat Diet Induced Obese Rats}, abstract_fa ={  لطفاً به چکیده انگلیسی مراجعه شود.}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1610-en.html}, eprint = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1610-en.pdf}, journal = {The Neuroscience Journal of Shefaye Khatam}, issn = {2322-1887}, eissn = {2345-4814}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {Plegge, Isabelle and Bock, Stefanie and Ruck, Tobias and Meuth, Sven G}, title = {P27: KCNK2 and Adhesion Molecules in an in-Vitro Blood Brain Barrier Model}, abstract ={Two-pore domain potassium channels, like KCNK2, are known to play an important role in inflammatory diseases such as multiple sclerosis (MS). Upregulation of cellular adhesion molecules in mouse brain microvascular endothelial cells (MBMECs) of Kcnk2-/- mice resulted in elevated leukocyte trafficking into the central nervous system under inflammatory conditions. The current project aims to gain deeper insights into the role of KCNK2 in the regulation of adhesion molecules and cell trafficking at the blood-brain-barrier (BBB). Therefore, we used a dynamic in vitro model of the BBB to investigate brain endothelial cell – T cell interactions under physiological and pathophysiological conditions. MBMECs from either wild type mice or Kcnk2-/- mice were seeded into flow chambers and T cell migration behavior was investigated under mild shear stress (0.25 dyn/cm2). Experiments showed so far increased T cell migration under inflammatory conditions and decreased migration while blocking cellular adhesion molecule ICAM1 on wild type MBMECs. In future experiments, we will use static transwell assays to assess how different subgroups of T cells are influenced by pharmacological KCNK2 modulation. Overall, our project might identify new therapeutic strategies to influence immune cell trafficking at the BBB.}, Keywords = {Blood Brain Barrier, Adhesion, Immune Cell}, volume = {6}, Number = {2}, pages = {58-58}, publisher = {Shefa Neuroscience Research Center}, title_fa = {P27: KCNK2 and Adhesion Molecules in an in-Vitro Blood Brain Barrier Model}, abstract_fa ={  لطفاً به چکیده انگلیسی مراجعه شود.}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1611-en.html}, eprint = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1611-en.pdf}, journal = {The Neuroscience Journal of Shefaye Khatam}, issn = {2322-1887}, eissn = {2345-4814}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {ParsaeiMehr, Zahra and MohamadzadehTabrizi, Zohreh and ParsaeiMehr, Malihe and Saghi, Zohreh}, title = {P28: A Case of Dissociative Amnesia after Hospitalization}, abstract ={It shows that a possible relationship between anxiety and dissociation disorder. Dissociative disorder includes dissociative amnesia, depersonalization and the realization that they can occur when a person exposes to severe psychiatric stressful events that they have strong negative emotion for him and then he cannot cope with them, so use unsuitable strategies for coping such as memory loss (dissociative amnesia) in order to separate some aspect of traumatic stressful events. In this case report, we presented an 86-year-old man who was presented to the emergency medicine by GI Bleeding because of Ileocecal mass, finally right hemicolectomy and chemotherapy were done. Hospitalization like a traumatic experience increased his anxiety and amnesia of the stressful events that he experienced in this period was occurred. He couldn't remember the specific aspects of his surgery process and hospitalization. Unfortunately, clinicians focused on physical symptoms as the main clinical plan and mental illnesses usually was ignored. Dissociative experiences are life-threatening and can worsen the condition and severity of somatic illness.  Such conditions are not uncommon thus routine evaluation of presenting these symptoms is necessary in clinical setting in order to help people to retrieve their memory.}, Keywords = {Lymphoma, Dissociative Amnesia, Hospitalization}, volume = {6}, Number = {2}, pages = {59-59}, publisher = {Shefa Neuroscience Research Center}, title_fa = {P28: A Case of Dissociative Amnesia after Hospitalization}, abstract_fa ={  لطفاً به چکیده انگلیسی مراجعه شود.}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1612-en.html}, eprint = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1612-en.pdf}, journal = {The Neuroscience Journal of Shefaye Khatam}, issn = {2322-1887}, eissn = {2345-4814}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {Huntemann, Niklas and Eichler, Susann and Masanneck, Lars and Meuth, Sven G}, title = {P29: The Role of Platelet Granules in Neuroinflammation}, abstract ={Platelets are known to contribute to vascular pathologies, however, their role in inflammatory disorders of the central nervous system (CNS), such as multiple sclerosis (MS) and its mouse model, experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), is thus far poorly defined. Although there is emerging evidence that platelets might accumulate in the CNS parenchyma along with an increased activation status and secrete proinflammatory factors thereby triggering immune response cascades during neuroinflammation, the role of platelet granules remains elusive so far. We investigate here the contribution of platelet granules to immune response during neuroinflammation. Therefore, we performed experiments using Munc13-4-deficient mice since mutation in Munc13-4 leads to abolished platelet dense granule secretion and compromised α-granule release. We found that genetic deficiency of platelet granules renders mice less susceptible to EAE. This reduction in disease severity was accompanied by reduced numbers of interleukin (IL)-17A- and interferon (IFN)-γ-producing proinflammatory effector T-helper cells as indicated by decreased cytokine levels of IL-17A and IFN-γ compared to control mice. Taken together, our findings show that genetic inhibition of platelet granule release significantly reduces CNS inflammation in mice, potentially indicating a novel therapeutic strategy for the treatment of MS. To understand the underlying mechanisms, further investigations are required.  }, Keywords = {Platelet Granules, Neuroinflammation, Central Nervous System}, volume = {6}, Number = {2}, pages = {60-60}, publisher = {Shefa Neuroscience Research Center}, title_fa = {P29: The Role of Platelet Granules in Neuroinflammation}, abstract_fa ={لطفاً به چکیده انگلیسی مراجعه شود.}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1619-en.html}, eprint = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1619-en.pdf}, journal = {The Neuroscience Journal of Shefaye Khatam}, issn = {2322-1887}, eissn = {2345-4814}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {Islampoor, Hami}, title = {P30: Effects of Hemin on Ca2+Influx in Neurons of C57BL/6 Mouse Brain}, abstract ={Excitotoxicity results in a significant increase in Ca2+ influx; essentially from open N-Methyl-D-aspartate receptors (NMDARs) channels that cause a secondary rise in the intracellular Ca2+ concentration. It is correlated with neuronal death induced by Ca2+ overload. Dysfunction of NMDARs is associated with excitotoxic neuronal death in neurodegenerative disorders. In this study, the effects of hemin on Ca2+ permeability in neurons of C57BL/6 mouse brain examined. Isolated from 1-dayold C57BL/6 mice, were cultured in serum-free media. Cells were maintained in growth medium at 37◦C in 95% air/5% CO2 for 2 weeks in vitro before treatment. Primary neurons were cultured in serum-free media were treated with hemin (0, 12.5, 25, 50, 75,100 μM) for 18 (h). Intensity of calcium fluorescence was reduced in treated cultures with hemin (100, 86, 78.5, 60, 56, 46%, respective to the concentrations stated previously; P<0.05 for all). Hemin increased Ca2+ influx in cultured neurons. NMDAR stimulation by hemin increased the activating of NMDARs and Ca2+ influx in the cultured neurons. Therefore, heminis cytotoxic due to increase of intracellular Ca2+ influx.  }, Keywords = {Mouse, Hemin, Neurons, Treatment}, volume = {6}, Number = {2}, pages = {61-61}, publisher = {Shefa Neuroscience Research Center}, title_fa = {P30: Effects of Hemin on Ca2+Influx in Neurons of C57BL/6 Mouse Brain}, abstract_fa ={لطفاً به چکیده انگلیسی مراجعه شود.}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1621-en.html}, eprint = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1621-en.pdf}, journal = {The Neuroscience Journal of Shefaye Khatam}, issn = {2322-1887}, eissn = {2345-4814}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {Hashemy, Isaac}, title = {P31: The Relationship between Serum Substance P Level and the Type as well as Prognostic Factors in Patients with Stroke}, abstract ={Stroke is the world's largest neurological defect caused by the disruption of brain blood circulation. Apart from death, the severest damage caused by stroke, a plethora of other mental and physical disabilities can ensue the incidence of a stroke. As a result of the continued disruption of blood circulation triggered by a stroke, biochemical and physiological mechanisms affect nerve cells and cause secondary damages. One of the most diverse mechanisms of secondary damages leading to cell damage or death is the release of tachykinins including substance P (SP). The release of tachykinins such as SP provokes inflammatory responses like blood flow interruption and increased vascular permeability in brain. Considering the delay in the emergence of secondary damages, pharmacological interventions can offer an opportunity to reduce cell damage and death. In this study, serum SP levels have been measured in ischemic and hemorrhagic strokes and it was analyzed in terms of clinical variables such as type of lesion, lesion size, gaze and NIHSS. In this study, 75 persons (18 patients with a diagnosed ischemic stroke, 23 hemorrhagic patients and 34 healthy subjects as the control group) were studied. After examining, the clinical variables such as stroke size, NIHSS, gaze, hemiplegia type and degree of consciousness were recorded for each patient. Then, the serum SP level was measured by ELISA and the results were analyzed by SPSS. Serum SP levels were significantly higher in patients compared to healthy groups (p=0.001), but this difference was not statistically significant between hemorrhagic and ischemic patients.  Similarly, prognostic factors and serum SP level were not significantly correlated (p=0.775). Serum SP level increased in stroke patients. Moreover, the results show that the type of lesion was not related to the SP level.  }, Keywords = {Stroke, Serum Substance P Level, Prognostic Factors}, volume = {6}, Number = {2}, pages = {62-62}, publisher = {Shefa Neuroscience Research Center}, title_fa = {P31: The Relationship between Serum Substance P Level and the Type as well as Prognostic Factors in Patients with Stroke}, abstract_fa ={  لطفاً به چکیده انگلیسی مراجعه شود.}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1622-en.html}, eprint = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1622-en.pdf}, journal = {The Neuroscience Journal of Shefaye Khatam}, issn = {2322-1887}, eissn = {2345-4814}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {Malekadeh, Javad and PasandidehKhajebeyk, Aliyeh and Mazlum, Reza and Yazdani, Mahbube}, title = {P32: Effect of Airway Pressure Release Ventilation Mode on Intracranial Pressure and Oxygenation in Patients with Traumatic Brain Injuries}, abstract ={This study aimed at compare influences of airway pressure release ventilation (APRV) and Synchronized Intermittent Mechanical Ventilation (SIMV) on intracranial pressure and oxygenation status in patients with traumatic brain injuries. A clinical trial was carried out in 40 patients with traumatic brain injuries in the intensive care unit in Kamyab neurosurgery Hospital, Mashhad, Iran. The patients meeting the study inclusion criteria were randomly assigned into two groups; intervention (APRV, n= 20) and control (SIMV, n= 20). The ICP, CPP, MAP, PaO2, SPO2, PaO2/FIO2 in both groups were measured before and after conditioning. Analysis of data was done using independent t-test in SPSS V.22. The mean ICP remained unchanged in both groups (P= 0.421). After the intervention, the CPP, MAP, heart rate, and pulse pressure in APRV group were not significantly different compared with those in the two groups before the intervention (P> 0.05), PaO2, SPO2, PaO2/FIO2 in APRV group were significantly improved. The results showed APRV as a safe mode that can be beneficial in patients with traumatic brain injury without concerns for increased intracranial pressure.}, Keywords = {Traumatic Brain Injury, Intracranial Pressure, Airway Pressure Release Ventilation, Oxygenation}, volume = {6}, Number = {2}, pages = {63-63}, publisher = {Shefa Neuroscience Research Center}, title_fa = {P32: Effect of Airway Pressure Release Ventilation Mode on Intracranial Pressure and Oxygenation in Patients with Traumatic Brain Injuries}, abstract_fa ={  لطفاً به چکیده انگلیسی مراجعه شود.}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1624-en.html}, eprint = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1624-en.pdf}, journal = {The Neuroscience Journal of Shefaye Khatam}, issn = {2322-1887}, eissn = {2345-4814}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {SheykhiyehGolzardi, Mahshid and Rezaenejad, Rezvan and Kachouei, Emadeddin and Siahposht-Khachaki, Ali}, title = {P33: The Effect of Boswellia Serrata Extract and AKBA (Acetyl-11-keto-β-Boswellic Acid) on the Neurological Scores, Brain Edema and Brain -Blood Barrier after Severe Traumatic Brain Injury in Male Rats: the Role of IL-1β and IL-10}, abstract ={Boswellia serrataBoswellia serrata has a prominent role in TBI outcome’s and perhaps protect neurons through modulating inflammatory and antioxidant pathways}, Keywords = {Boswellia Serrata, TBI, Neuroprotective, IL, Rat}, volume = {6}, Number = {2}, pages = {64-64}, publisher = {Shefa Neuroscience Research Center}, title_fa = {P33: The Effect of Boswellia Serrata Extract and AKBA (Acetyl-11-keto-β-Boswellic Acid) on the Neurological Scores, Brain Edema and Brain -Blood Barrier after Severe Traumatic Brain Injury in Male Rats: the Role of IL-1β and IL-10}, abstract_fa ={  لطفاً به چکیده انگلیسی مراجعه شود.}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1626-en.html}, eprint = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1626-en.pdf}, journal = {The Neuroscience Journal of Shefaye Khatam}, issn = {2322-1887}, eissn = {2345-4814}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {NasseriMaleki, Solmaz and Aboutaleb, Nahi}, title = {P34: Berberin Exerts Neuroprotective Effects by Modulating Pro and Anti-Inflammatory Cytokines in Rat Model of MCAO}, abstract ={Many complicated mechanisms are involved in brain ischemia and the role of inflammatory factors in the progression of post-ischemic injury is inevitable. In present study, anti-inflammatory effect of berberine has been investigated in reperfusion injury after acute ischemic stroke. Male Wistar rats weighing 250-270 gr were randomly divided into four cohorts: healthy rats (control, n=20), sham-operated animals (sham, n=20), ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) cohort (MCAO=20), I/R+ berberine cohort (MCAO+ berberine, n=20). The animal subjected to ischemia for 45 min and berberine (40mg/kg) was interaperitoneally administrated 1 h after reperfusion. At 24 h after reperfusion, the animals were sacrificed under deep anesthesia and expression changes of pro and anti-inflammatory cytokines were determined by immunohistochemical assay. To evaluate brain edema, brain water content was measured in experimental groups 24 h after reperfusion. The infarct size was determined using 3, 5-Triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC) staining. significant increased levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL1β and TNFα) were found in MCAO cohort compared with control and sham cohorts. Likewise, expression level of anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL10) was slightly increased following I/R in MCAO cohort. berberine conferred a neuro-protective effect via reduction of infarct size, preventing brain edema and significant down-regulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines and up-regulation of anti-inflammatory cytokines. In sum, our findings demonstrate that berberine post-treatment attenuates focal cerebral IR injury by targeting inflammation process. This opens up potential avenues for future research and treatment of ischemic stroke.}, Keywords = {Berberine, Inflammatory Cytokines, MCAO Model, Neuroprotection}, volume = {6}, Number = {2}, pages = {65-65}, publisher = {Shefa Neuroscience Research Center}, title_fa = {P34: Berberin Exerts Neuroprotective Effects by Modulating Pro and Anti-Inflammatory Cytokines in Rat Model of MCAO}, abstract_fa ={  لطفاً به چکیده انگلیسی مراجعه شود.}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1627-en.html}, eprint = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1627-en.pdf}, journal = {The Neuroscience Journal of Shefaye Khatam}, issn = {2322-1887}, eissn = {2345-4814}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {Nabaviniya, Ghazaleh and TehraniPour, Maryam and Bahara, Jav}, title = {P35: Effect of Hydroalcoholic Extract of Agrimonia eupatoria on Alpha Motoneurons Regeneration of Anterior Spinal Cord after Compression of Sciatic Nerve in Rat}, abstract ={If nerve cells damaged, they cannot be restored by themselves. Agrimonia eupatoria has been used in traditional medicine to heal the wounds and scratch, and dry the scars. Therefore, this herb probably contains compounds with restorative properties. The purpose of this study was to investigate the restorative effect of Agrimonia eupatoria on alpha motor neurons of anterior spinal cord. In this experimental study, 18 Wistar rats were divided into three groups of 6: control, compression, and treatment with hydroalcoholic extract with a dose of 75 mg/kg. After sciatic nerve compression, the extract was injected in treatment group in two times on first and eighth day, and samples of sciatic nerve were prepared from spinal cord segments. After tissue processing and staining, neuronal density was examined by using dissector and stereological methods in different groups. Data were analyzed by using ANOVA software at significance level of (p<0.05). Results showed that neuronal density in the compression group was significantly lower than the control group (p<0.05). Also in treated group with hydroalcoholic extract, significant increase was observed rather than the compression group, (p<0.05). Considering the increase in neuronal density in treatment group, this herb has improved the process of regeneration probably due to compounds similar to normal regenerative factors in body.  }, Keywords = {Neuronal Density, Agrimonia Eupatoria, Reganeration, Sciatic Nerve}, volume = {6}, Number = {2}, pages = {66-66}, publisher = {Shefa Neuroscience Research Center}, title_fa = {P35: Effect of Hydroalcoholic Extract of Agrimonia eupatoria on Alpha Motoneurons Regeneration of Anterior Spinal Cord after Compression of Sciatic Nerve in Rat}, abstract_fa ={  لطفاً به چکیده انگلیسی مراجعه شود.}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1628-en.html}, eprint = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1628-en.pdf}, journal = {The Neuroscience Journal of Shefaye Khatam}, issn = {2322-1887}, eissn = {2345-4814}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {Mirmosayyeb, Omid and Shaygannejad, Vahi}, title = {P36: The Interplay of Multiple Sclerosis and Menstrual Cycle: which one Affects the Other One?}, abstract ={Menstruation is suggested to affect multiple sclerosis (MS) symptoms, while the effect of MS on menstruation is not studied before. Here, we aimed to compare the pattern of menstrual cycle and its symptoms between MS patients and healthy controls. This is a cross-sectional study conducted during 2015–2016 in MS clinic of Kashani hospital, Isfahan, Iran. We included female patients > 14 years with diagnosis of relapsing-remitting MS, and healthy subjects as the control group. We collected data regarding menarche age, menstrual characteristics, history of premenstrual syndrome, the amount of menstrual bleeding, and the possible perimenstrual symptoms from all subjects. Also, MS patients were asked to report changes in menstrual characteristics after MS occurrence. The final study population contained 181 MS patients and 202 healthy subjects. The mean age in MS and control group were 36.04 ± 9.86 and 35.16 ± 11.30, respectively (P-value = 0.426). Menarche age in MS patients and control group were not statistically different (13.59 ± 1.87 and 13.29 ± 1.53, respectively; P-value = 0.087). Changing menstrual characteristics was reported in 70 MS patients (38.7%). Irregular menstrual cycle increased from 21% to 40.3% after occurrence of MS (P-value < 0.001) and was reported 24.7% in the control group. MS patients versus controls reported more symptoms before, during, and after their menstrual period (P-values < 0.001). We found no difference regarding menstrual characteristics in MS patients before onset of the disease and healthy controls. Irregular menstrual cycle was observed more after the disease occurrence while other menstrual characteristics did not change. Moreover, MS patients reported many more perimenstrual symptoms.  }, Keywords = {Multiple Sclerosis, Menstruation, Menstrual Characteristics, Menstrual Symptom}, volume = {6}, Number = {2}, pages = {67-67}, publisher = {Shefa Neuroscience Research Center}, title_fa = {P36: The Interplay of Multiple Sclerosis and Menstrual Cycle: which one Affects the Other One?}, abstract_fa ={  لطفاً به چکیده انگلیسی مراجعه شود.}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1630-en.html}, eprint = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1630-en.pdf}, journal = {The Neuroscience Journal of Shefaye Khatam}, issn = {2322-1887}, eissn = {2345-4814}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {Mirmosayyeb, Omid and Badihian, Shervin and Shaygannejad, Vahid and Soleimani, Parisa and Manouchehri, Navid and Samee, Zahra and Esmaeil, Nafiseh}, title = {P37: Decreased Serum Levels of Interleukin-35 Among Patients with Relapsing Remitting Multiple Sclerosis}, abstract ={The regulatory role of interleukin-35 (IL-35) in the immunopathogenesis of multiple sclerosis (MS) is suggested in very few studies. We aimed to measure serum levels of IL-35 among clinically isolated syndrome (CIS) and relapsing-remitting MS (RRMS) patients and evaluate the associations between this cytokine and the disease clinical course. This cross-sectional study was conducted during 2017 in MS Clinic of Kashani hospital, Isfahan, Iran. Forty patients with the diagnosis of CIS and RRMS according to McDonald criteria were included in the study, as well as 40 healthy controls. Also, data regarding clinical course of the disease was collected from cases. The levels of IL-35 in the serum of all subjects were determined by ELISA. Serum levels of IL-35 were comparison with healthy controls. Moreover, the mean serum levels of IL-35 among new cases (diagnosed within 6 months before the study) were decreased compared to healthy controls but it were not statistically significant (P=0.059).The mean serum levels of IL-35 were significantly higher in new cases compared with other cases (p=0.048). We found decreased serum levels of IL-35 among RRMS patients compared to the healthy controls. We provide a view of the possible role of IL-35 in MS pathogenesis and the potential therapeutic targets in this way.}, Keywords = {Multiple Sclerosis, Clinically Isolated Syndrome, Relapsing-Remitting Multiple Sclerosis, Interleukin-35}, volume = {6}, Number = {2}, pages = {68-68}, publisher = {Shefa Neuroscience Research Center}, title_fa = {P37: Decreased Serum Levels of Interleukin-35 Among Patients with Relapsing Remitting Multiple Sclerosis}, abstract_fa ={  لطفاً به چکیده انگلیسی مراجعه شود.}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1631-en.html}, eprint = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1631-en.pdf}, journal = {The Neuroscience Journal of Shefaye Khatam}, issn = {2322-1887}, eissn = {2345-4814}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {Masanneck, Lars and Eichler, Susann and Huntemann, Niklas and Pfeuffer, Steffen and Meuth, Sven G}, title = {P38: The Immunoregulatory Effect of Cyclic Dinucleotides on Human Immune Cells}, abstract ={In multiple sclerosis (MS) beneficial effects have been assigned to the interferon (IFN)-I subclass IFN-ß, making its administration a first-line disease-modifying treatment in MS. IFN-I responses can be induced by cyclic-dinucleotide (CDN) triggered activation of Stimulator-of-interferon-genes (STING) and have essential immunomodulatory effects. A beneficial effect of STING activation on neuroinflammation has been demonstrated in recent in vivo experiments using animal models. Here, we investigate the impact of the CDN-STING-pathway on the regulation of innate and adaptive immune responses. We first disclosed the expression of Sting via real-time PCR (rt-PCR) in murine immune cells linked to MS pathophysiology. Next, we demonstrated that the high expression in some murine immune cells can also be shown in corresponding human-cell subsets. Flow cytometric and rt-PCR analysis showed that in vitro activation of immune cells by CDN leads to strong IFN responses in human peripheral blood monocytes. Consequently, we scrutinized the resulting cytokine effector profile and depicted activation and apoptosis processes in immune cell subsets. Overall, further investigations are needed to clarify the impact of CDNs on individual cell-subsets of innate-adaptive-interface and resulting interactions. By conducting ongoing studies, we aim to achieve insights into CDN and INF specific effects and potential applications for translational medicine.  }, Keywords = {Multiple Sclerosis, Neuroinflammation, Immune Cells, Interferon}, volume = {6}, Number = {2}, pages = {69-69}, publisher = {Shefa Neuroscience Research Center}, title_fa = {P38: The Immunoregulatory Effect of Cyclic Dinucleotides on Human Immune Cells}, abstract_fa ={  لطفاً به چکیده انگلیسی مراجعه شود.}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1633-en.html}, eprint = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1633-en.pdf}, journal = {The Neuroscience Journal of Shefaye Khatam}, issn = {2322-1887}, eissn = {2345-4814}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {Shabani, Mohammad and Barzegar, Fatemeh and Talaei, Alirez}, title = {P39: The Neuroprotection Effect of Erythropoietin in Cerebral Ischemia}, abstract ={Cerebral ischemia causes death of millions people all over the world, annually and also suffering more people from neurological deficits and neuromuscular disorders. In our country, 250 to 300 people experience mild to severe stroke, daily. In this study we reviewed 120 original paper selected from PubMED database. Our keywords were erythropoietin, anti-inflammatory, stroke, neuropathy and cerebral ischemia. Studies have been revealed that anti-inflammatory and neuroprotection effects of erythropoietin are mediated by receptors that available in cerebral cortex, spinal cord, hypothalamus and hippocampus. These effects include the ability to repair neural inflammation, prevention of neural cell death, preservation of surviving neural cells, regulation of neurogenesis, anti-apoptosis and anti-coagulation. Erythropoietin also prevents Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, epilepsy, multiple sclerosis, and other motor diseases. All studies showed that erythropoietin has anti-inflammatory and neuroprotection properties and can decrease probability of cerebral ischemia, impressively. Today, erythropoietin is considered as an attractive and effective therapeutic approach to cerebral ischemia; one of the most common causes of morbidity and mortality around the world.}, Keywords = {Erythropoietin, Anti-Inflammatory, Stroke, Neuroprotection, Ischemic Brain}, volume = {6}, Number = {2}, pages = {70-70}, publisher = {Shefa Neuroscience Research Center}, title_fa = {P39: The Neuroprotection Effect of Erythropoietin in Cerebral Ischemia}, abstract_fa ={  لطفاً به چکیده انگلیسی مراجعه شود.}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1635-en.html}, eprint = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1635-en.pdf}, journal = {The Neuroscience Journal of Shefaye Khatam}, issn = {2322-1887}, eissn = {2345-4814}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {Shabani, Mohammad and ArefNezhad, Rez}, title = {P40: The Effect of Prevention and Treatment of Cerebral Ischemia on the Basis of Neuroprotective Properties of Medicinal Herbs}, abstract ={Stroke as the third cause of death in industrialized societies after cardiovascular and cancerous diseases Based on the type of artery involved, its location and size can lead to various side effects such as half-body movement disorder, sensory impairment, memory impairment, and other problems. In this regard, due to the complications of chemical drugs and their long-term use in treating the disease, and on the other hand, by proving the efficacy of herbal medicines in scientific societies, herbal medicines can be used as alternative treatments with fewer complications or supplementation of treatment Used. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between the effect of herbs and the rate of stroke reduction. This study is a review of the literature. A total of 12 research articles, review articles and meta-analyses published from 2005 to the end of 2016 in the database of Pubmed, Ovid, Elsevier, ProQuest, Google and iran medex using keys words cerebral ischemia, herbs, antioxidant titles and or abstracts for herbs or herbal supplements, such as virgin olive oil, black cherry and watermelon, were searched and examined. A review of studies has shown that drug treatments and their derivatives can reduce the amount of brain damage, cerebral edema, sensory and motor disorders, and the consequences of cerebral ischemia (tissue damage to the pneumobra and kanon regions). A roughly common mechanism is the reduction of oxidative and titrating stress, increased nitric oxide, reduced cerebrospinal fluid flow, decreased the activity of microglia and astrocytes, and inhibited the expression of apoptotic proteins. The findings show that herbal treatments can be dramatically enhanced due to their neuroprotective properties The risk of lesions and abnormalities after cerebral ischemia can be reduced, but the desire of different groups of society to this range of drugs cannot be neglected.}, Keywords = {Review of the Literature, Cerebral Ischemia, Medicinal Herbs, Antioxidant}, volume = {6}, Number = {2}, pages = {71-71}, publisher = {Shefa Neuroscience Research Center}, title_fa = {P40: The Effect of Prevention and Treatment of Cerebral Ischemia on the Basis of Neuroprotective Properties of Medicinal Herbs}, abstract_fa ={  لطفاً به چکیده انگلیسی مراجعه شود.}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1636-en.html}, eprint = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1636-en.pdf}, journal = {The Neuroscience Journal of Shefaye Khatam}, issn = {2322-1887}, eissn = {2345-4814}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {Hosseini, Zeinab Sadat and Rahimi, Marzieh}, title = {P41: Health-Related Quality of Life in Adults with Epilepsy: A Systematic Review}, abstract ={Considering the burden of epilepsy on society, investigation of the health-related quality of life (HRQoL) is essential for the better future targeting, optimization of current interventions and managing strategies for epilepsy. Nineteen HRQoL were investigated in this review. Increases in seizure incidence, level of depression and seizure severity were significantly related to reduced HRQoL. The mainstream of studies was cross-sectional and had a general methodologic quality that was arbitrated to be “moderate” for HRQoL studies and “poor” for health care resource. In the 7 studies, gender, age, type of seizure and duration of epilepsy did not seem to be related with HRQoL, while the predictive effect of employment and educational status and number of antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) was unclear. The relation among predictive factors and HRQoL seemed to be reliable across individuals whether refractory or seizures controlled by AEDs. In addition to seizure control, effective epilepsy controlling needs the early recognition of those most at risk of psychological dysfunction. For more researches, it is essential that multivariate statistical strategies are predicted for HRQoL in epilepsy.}, Keywords = {Health-Related Quality of Life, Epilepsy, Neuro Inflammatory Diseases}, volume = {6}, Number = {2}, pages = {72-72}, publisher = {Shefa Neuroscience Research Center}, title_fa = {P41: Health-Related Quality of Life in Adults with Epilepsy: A Systematic Review}, abstract_fa ={  لطفاً به چکیده انگلیسی مراجعه شود.}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1638-en.html}, eprint = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1638-en.pdf}, journal = {The Neuroscience Journal of Shefaye Khatam}, issn = {2322-1887}, eissn = {2345-4814}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {Rahneshin, Mohammad and SahabNegah, Sajj}, title = {P42: The Effects of Vitamin A on Inflammatory Factors (CCL2, CCL18, CD14) in Multiple Sclerosis}, abstract ={Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is a complex neurological disease in which neuro inflammation that leads to neurodegeneration _ plays a key role and its prevalence is 2 million in the world. Vitamin A is a fat-soluble vitamin that is multifunctional. One of the important functions is in immune system, both in immunological tolerance and in adaptive immune responses. 264 patients will be enrolled that suffer from MS and divided them into two groups. Group (A) will take interferon beta and Vitamin A and group (B) will take interferon beta and placebo. we will follow them for one year and every six months we will check the inflammatory factors in the serum. In this project, we expect that vitamin A regulate CCL2 (as a chemokine) which means vitamin A will increases amount of CCL2 in serum and then CCL2 will effect on TH cells (stimulate TH2 and TReg) and then IL-10 that is anti-inflammatory cytokine will increase and IL-2 that is pro-inflammatory cytokine will be inhibited by IL-10. We guess if vitamin A increases the amount of CCL2 about 50 pg/ml we can see the expected changes. Based on other researches, we expect that vitamin A regulate the inflammatory factors and then reduce the rate and intensity of relapsing in patients.}, Keywords = {Multiple Sclerosis, Vitamin A, Helper T Cells}, volume = {6}, Number = {2}, pages = {73-73}, publisher = {Shefa Neuroscience Research Center}, title_fa = {P42: The Effects of Vitamin A on Inflammatory Factors (CCL2, CCL18, CD14) in Multiple Sclerosis}, abstract_fa ={  لطفاً به چکیده انگلیسی مراجعه شود.}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1640-en.html}, eprint = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1640-en.pdf}, journal = {The Neuroscience Journal of Shefaye Khatam}, issn = {2322-1887}, eissn = {2345-4814}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {ShahrokhiRaeini, Azadeh and ZareMehrjerdi, Fatemeh and AfkhamiAghda, Faezeh}, title = {P43: The Effect of Carvacrol on Blood Pressure and Some Blood Parameters in Lead-Exposed Rats}, abstract ={Lead intoxication is one of the most health hazards in humans at all ages. Lead impairs oxidant/antioxidant balance that can be partially responsible for the toxic effect of lead in the various organs of body especially cardiovascular system. The main objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of carvacrol as anti-oxidative agent on hypertension and some blood parameters in lead poisoned rats. 40 male wistar rats were used in this study and were randomly divided into 5 groups. The first group was control, the second group was lead acetate (500ppm) orally received, 3 another groups co administrated lead acetate with carvacrol (25, 50 and 100 mg/kg daily for 40 days). The systolic blood pressure was monitored weekly by tail plethysmography coupled to a computer system. Blood samples were obtained for assessment of some hematological parameters (RBC, Hb, Hct, WBC) at the end of experiment. The mean blood pressure in lead exposed group was significantly higher than control group from 21 days. Carvacrol caused a decrease in hypertension in the lead poisoned rats compared with control group. This deceasing was consistent throughout the experiment. Some blood parameters (RBC, Hb, Hct, WBC) were found to be decreased in the lead groups. These changes were prevented in the lead groups that received carvacrol. According to the result of this study, it may be concluded that carvacrol could improve some lead induced changes in the cardio vascular system.}, Keywords = {Carvacrol, Blood Pressure, Rats, Hematological Parameters}, volume = {6}, Number = {2}, pages = {74-74}, publisher = {Shefa Neuroscience Research Center}, title_fa = {P43: The Effect of Carvacrol on Blood Pressure and Some Blood Parameters in Lead-Exposed Rats}, abstract_fa ={  لطفاً به چکیده انگلیسی مراجعه شود.}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1644-en.html}, eprint = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1644-en.pdf}, journal = {The Neuroscience Journal of Shefaye Khatam}, issn = {2322-1887}, eissn = {2345-4814}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {GorjiValokola, Mahmoud and Razavi, Bibi Marjan and Karimi, Gholamreza and Imenshahidi, Mohse}, title = {P44: The Antioxidant Effect of Nanomicelle Curcumin in Bisphenol A-Induced Brain Toxicity Following Subacute Exposure in Rats}, abstract ={Bisphenol A (BPA) is used in the manufacture of polycarbonate plastics and epoxy resins; therefore, exposure to BPA is increasing every day. BPA has toxic effects on various human tissues. Curcumin, a yellow polyphenol, is the active turmeric ingredient. It is an efficacious and safe compound with multiple pharmacological activities including antioxidant, ant carcinogenic, ant proliferative, and anti-inflammatory properties. This study was designed to determine the potential protective effect of nanomicelle curcumin on BPA-induced subacute brain toxicity in rats. The wistar rats were divided into six groups (8 rats/group). The first group served as the control (dextrose 5% + sesame oil); the second group received 50 mg/kg nanomicelle curcumin; the third group was fed 50 mg/kg BPA; the fourth, fifth, and sixth groups received 10, 25, and 50 mg/kg nanomicelle curcumin, respectively, supplemented with 50 mg/kg BPA, after one hour. At the end of the study period (4 weeks), MDA level and GSH content were measured in the cerebellum, cortex and hippocampus. This study revealed that the dose of 50 mg/kg of BPA significantly increased malondialdehyde in the cerebellum (P< 0.001), cortex (P< 0.001) and hippocampus (P< 0.01). In addition, BPA decreased glutathione content in the cerebellum (P< 0.001), cortex (P< 0.001) and hippocampus (P< 0.01) as well. However, nanomicelle curcumin (50 mg/kg) significantly improved these toxic effects of BPA in rat brain tissue. The results provide evidence that nanomicelle curcumin has preventive effects in subacute exposure to BPA (50 mg/kg) induced toxicity in rat brain tissue.  }, Keywords = {Bisphenol A, Nanomicelle Curcumin, Malondialdehyde, Glutathione, Reactive Oxygen Species, Brain Toxicity, Rat}, volume = {6}, Number = {2}, pages = {75-75}, publisher = {Shefa Neuroscience Research Center}, title_fa = {P44: The Antioxidant Effect of Nanomicelle Curcumin in Bisphenol A-Induced Brain Toxicity Following Subacute Exposure in Rats}, abstract_fa ={  لطفاً به چکیده انگلیسی مراجعه شود.}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1645-en.html}, eprint = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1645-en.pdf}, journal = {The Neuroscience Journal of Shefaye Khatam}, issn = {2322-1887}, eissn = {2345-4814}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {Mahdavizade, Vahid and Norouzi, Fatemeh and Abareshi, Azam and Beheshti, Farimah and Hosseini, Mahmou}, title = {P45: The Effects of Nigella sativa on Sickness Behavior Induced by Lipopolysaccharide in Male Wistar Rats}, abstract ={Neuroimmune factors contribute on the pathogenesis of sickness behaviors. Nigella sativa (NS) has anti-inflammatory, anti-anxiety and anti-depressive effects. In the present study, the effect of NS hydro-alcoholic extract on sickness behavior induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was investigated. The rats were divided into five groups (n=10 in each): (1) control (saline), (2) LPS (1 mg/kg, administered two hours before behavioral tests), (3-5) LPS-Nigella sativa 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg (LPS-NS 100, LPS-NS 200 and LPS-NS 400, respectively). Open- field (OF), elevated plus maze (EPM) and forced swimming test (FST) were performed. In OF, LPS reduced the peripheral crossing, peripheral distance, total crossing and total distance compared to control (p<0.01- p<0.001). The central crossing, central distance and central time in LPS-NS 100, LPS-NS200 and LPS-NS 400 groups were higher than LPS (p<0.01- p<0.001). In EPM, LPS decreased the open arm entries, open arm time and closed arm entries while increased the closed time compared to control (p<0.001). Pretreatment by NS extract reversed the effects of LPS (p<0.05- p<0.001). In FST, LPS increased the immobility time while, decreased the climbing and active times compared to control (p<0.05- p<0.001). The results of the present study showed that the hydro-alcoholic extract of NS reduced the LPS-induced sickness behaviors in rats. Further investigations are required for understanding the responsible underlying mechanism(s).  }, Keywords = {Rat, Lipopolysaccharide, Nigella Sativa, Sickness Behavior}, volume = {6}, Number = {2}, pages = {76-76}, publisher = {Shefa Neuroscience Research Center}, title_fa = {P45: The Effects of Nigella sativa on Sickness Behavior Induced by Lipopolysaccharide in Male Wistar Rats}, abstract_fa ={  لطفاً به چکیده انگلیسی مراجعه شود.}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1647-en.html}, eprint = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1647-en.pdf}, journal = {The Neuroscience Journal of Shefaye Khatam}, issn = {2322-1887}, eissn = {2345-4814}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {Foroughipour, Mohsen and Mirdoosti, Motahareh and Saeedi, Nikoo and Asadi, Mo}, title = {P46: Optic Neuritis as the First Manifestation of the Primary Antiphospholipid Antibody Syndrome}, abstract ={Optic neuritis is commonly associated with diseases such as Multiple Sclerosis, infections, taking special drugs, etc. but recently we have observed a patient that presented retro bulbar optic neuritis as a manifestation of antiphospholipid syndrome. A 35 y/o young woman with the history of chickenpox admitted to the Qhaem hospital (Mashhad, Iran) with the c/o progressive pain and blurred vision in the left eye. the brain MRI was normal. the VEP test demonstrated severe left optic neuritis and the right optic nerve was also mildly affected. the concentration of glucose, urea, electrolytes and CBC were WNL, but the presence of autoimmune antibodies in her blood proposed the probability of an autoimmune disease. she received Corton and Val acyclovir orally. After receiving Corton pulses her vision was moderately improved and she was released with some drug prescriptions. Also she was to perform vasculitis tests.13 days later, after consulting with the rheumatologist about the results of the vasculitis tests, she was referred to the neurology department again. she was undergoing 5 sessions plasma pheresis. Then, she was recharged with moderate general good feeling. According to this patient and other similar cases, for the patient that is affected by vasculitis and also have thrombocytopenia, but does not fulfill the criteria for lupus, antiphospholipid syndrome may be considered as a possible diagnose.}, Keywords = {Optic Neuritis, Antiphospholipid Syndrome, Woman }, volume = {6}, Number = {2}, pages = {77-77}, publisher = {Shefa Neuroscience Research Center}, title_fa = {P46: Optic Neuritis as the First Manifestation of the Primary Antiphospholipid Antibody Syndrome}, abstract_fa ={  لطفاً به چکیده انگلیسی مراجعه شود.}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1649-en.html}, eprint = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1649-en.pdf}, journal = {The Neuroscience Journal of Shefaye Khatam}, issn = {2322-1887}, eissn = {2345-4814}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {Kouhestani, Somayeh and Babaei, Parvin and SoltaniTehrani, Bahram and Alizadeh, Arsal}, title = {P47: Effects of Adipose Derived Stem Cells Transplantation on Locomotor Activity and Imbalance in Parkinson Model of Rats}, abstract ={Parkinson disease is a neurological disorder accompanied by degeneration of dopaminergic system and neuronal loss. Recently studies have focused on stem cells therapy, therefore the goal of this study was to investigate the effect of adipose derived stem cells grafting, on locomotion and imbalance in Parkinson model of rats. Twenty-four male Wistar rats weighing 200-250 g were divided into three groups including: sham, MPTP, MPTP-stem-cell. Rats were cannulated by stereotaxic apparatus in medial forebrain bundle (MFB) under anesthesia. Then MPTP (1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine) (1µm/2µl) were injected bilaterally into the MFB to induce Parkinson model. Rotation (following apomorphine injection) and Ladder Rung Walking Task were conducted to confirm model of Parkinson, then stem cells from passage 3 (5 ×103 cells/mm3) were infused into the MFB. After 6 weeks Ladder test was repeated. The results showed that administration of MPTP significantly caused motor disability (p=0.025) and treatment of stem-cells significantly improved motor activity and imbalance (p=0.05). Our findings indicate that grafting of stem cells derived from adipose tissue improves behavioural dysfunctions probably by regeneration of dopaminergic neurons.}, Keywords = {Parkinson Disease/ MPTP/ Ladder Test/ Stem Cell Grafting}, volume = {6}, Number = {2}, pages = {78-78}, publisher = {Shefa Neuroscience Research Center}, title_fa = {P47: Effects of Adipose Derived Stem Cells Transplantation on Locomotor Activity and Imbalance in Parkinson Model of Rats}, abstract_fa ={  لطفاً به چکیده انگلیسی مراجعه شود.}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1651-en.html}, eprint = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1651-en.pdf}, journal = {The Neuroscience Journal of Shefaye Khatam}, issn = {2322-1887}, eissn = {2345-4814}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {Tavakkoli, Alireza and VahdatiHasani, Faezeh and Mehri, Soghra and Abnous, Khalil}, title = {P48: Protein Changes Resulted in Sub-Chronic Neurotoxicity of Bisphenol A in Rat Brain}, abstract ={Bisphenol A (BPA) is one of the most widely used chemicals in the plastic industry, which enter the human body through occupational and food contact. In this study, the protein changes in rat cerebral cortex was evaluate in order to evaluate the neurotoxicity of BPA. 24 adult male rats were randomly selected and divided into four groups (n=6) and each group respectively received 0, 0.5, 5 and 50 mg/kg of BPA for 4 weeks orally. To determine the oxidative status, reduced Glutathione (GSH) and Malondialdehyde (MDA) were measured in brain cortical tissue. After extracting the protein of each sample, the proteins transferred to the acrylamide gel of two-dimensional electrophoresis and from the obtained protein map, 10 points – with at least 10% or more volume difference with control group - were sent for mass spectroscopy analysis. The lipid peroxidation in both doses of 0.5 and 5 mg/kg was significantly (P <0.05) greater than the control group. Based on the results of mass spectroscopic analysis and data from the Mascot database, 10 changed proteins were identified as below: Pyruvate kinase PKM (Pkm), Alpha-enolase (Eno1), Aconitate hydratase (Aco2), and Creatine kinase B-type (Ckb) -involved in the metabolism of neurons-, Phosphatidylethanolamine-binding protein 1 (Pebp1), 14-3-3 protein eta (Ywhah) and Guanine nucleotide-binding protein subunit beta-1 (Gnb1) –which play different roles in cell signaling. Dihydropyrimidinase-related protein 2 (DPYSL2) and Glutamine synthetase (Glul) -which are important in the proper functioning of the neurons- and a structural protein; the Neurofilament light polypeptide (Nefl). Different reports indicate that changes in the level of these proteins are related to various neuropsychiatric disorders such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, depression, schizophrenia, and brain tumors. Further studies are needed to examine the role of BPA in these diseases.}, Keywords = {Bisphenol A, Neorotoxicity, Proteomics}, volume = {6}, Number = {2}, pages = {79-79}, publisher = {Shefa Neuroscience Research Center}, title_fa = {P48: Protein Changes Resulted in Sub-Chronic Neurotoxicity of Bisphenol A in Rat Brain}, abstract_fa ={  لطفاً به چکیده انگلیسی مراجعه شود.}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1652-en.html}, eprint = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1652-en.pdf}, journal = {The Neuroscience Journal of Shefaye Khatam}, issn = {2322-1887}, eissn = {2345-4814}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {RahimiJunqani, Rasool and Javdani, Moosa and Alijani, Mohammadrez}, title = {P49: The Evaluation of Aqueous Extract of Glycyrrhiza Glabra on Nerve Recovery in the Rat after Sciatic Nerve Injury}, abstract ={Peripheral nerve injury requires a long recovery period, and recovery, once attained, usually is incomplete. Inflammatory procedures may inhibit functional recovery after nerve injury and produce cell death in both the central nervous system and the peripheral nervous system. Since the glycyrrhiza glabra extract has anti-inflammatory effects, it could reduce the severity of injury. The aim of this study was to evaluation of aqueous extract of G. glabra on nerve recovery in the rat after sciatic nerve injury. 24 male wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups: control and G. glabra extract with 50, 100 and 150 mg/kg doses groups. Sciatic nerve was exposed to compression for 60 second using locker pincers. At days 7, 14, 21, and 28 nerve regeneration and functional recovery were evaluated using the sciatic functional index (SFI). Result of present study shows that at day 7 and 14 there were no significant differences between all groups in their SFI. At day 21 SFI was significantly improved in 100 mg group. Also, SFI differences between control group and 50 and 100 mg groups were statistically significant at 28-day post-injury. This study revealed that Aqueous extract of G. glabra is able to promote sciatic nerve regeneration and improve the function of a crushed sciatic nerve and the extract with 150 mg/kg dose had the largest impact. However, to confirm the present results and determine the exact mechanism more studies will be necessary.}, Keywords = {Sciatic Nerve, Glycyrrhiza Glabra, Repair, Rat}, volume = {6}, Number = {2}, pages = {80-80}, publisher = {Shefa Neuroscience Research Center}, title_fa = {P49: The Evaluation of Aqueous Extract of Glycyrrhiza Glabra on Nerve Recovery in the Rat after Sciatic Nerve Injury}, abstract_fa ={  لطفاً به چکیده انگلیسی مراجعه شود.}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1653-en.html}, eprint = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1653-en.pdf}, journal = {The Neuroscience Journal of Shefaye Khatam}, issn = {2322-1887}, eissn = {2345-4814}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {Karami, Neda and Aligholi, Hadi and Kalantari, Tahereh and Zeraatpishe, Mi}, title = {P50: Selective HCRTR2 Antagonism Increases Embryonic Mouse Cortex Neural Stem Progenitor Cells Proliferation}, abstract ={In multiple sclerosis Oligodendrocytes are obliterated by the immune system. neural stem/ progenitor cells (NS/P Cs) have the capacity to differentiate into mature myelinating oligodendrocytes. In embryonic mouse cortex oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs) are more abundant than the ganglionic eminence. Doing gene set enrichment analysis using DAVID and Panther websites it was shown that Gpr37l1 is highly expressed in oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs) in comparison to oligodendrocytes. The selective orexin 2 recptor (HCRTR2) antagonist jnj-10397049 has been shown to inhibit this orphan GPCR. In this study we sought to scrutinize NS/P Cs survival after the inhibitor on gpr37l1 and HCRTR2 by jnj-10397049. primary cortex NS/PCs were derived from embryonic mouse 13.5 as described before. cytotoxicity effect of varying doses of JNJ10397049 was screened using MTT assay. The expression of gpr37l1, hcrtr2, PDGFRalpha and Cnpase expression was analyzed using real time PCR. MTT analysis demonstrated that JNJ10397049 at 15 and 10 micromolar dramatically increases proliferation of neural stem cells by 2.62 and 2.43 respectively. Gpr37l1 and orexin2 receptor are more expressed in embryonic mouse cortex NS/PCs than embryonic mouse ganglionic eminence by 3.45 and 4.57, respectively. PDGFRalpha and Cnapse genes are also highly expressed on cortex NS/PCs by 112.36 and 76.56, respectively in comparison to ganglionic eminence NS/PCs. Here it was shown that Orexin 2 receptor and GPR37L1 can be valid drug targets in demyelination diseases by inducing proliferation of NS/PCs. Further study is under process to confirm and expand these results.}, Keywords = {Neural Stem Cells, Neural Progenitor Cells, Orexin Receptor, Gpr37l1, Oligodendrocyte Progenitor Cells}, volume = {6}, Number = {2}, pages = {81-81}, publisher = {Shefa Neuroscience Research Center}, title_fa = {P50: Selective HCRTR2 Antagonism Increases Embryonic Mouse Cortex Neural Stem Progenitor Cells Proliferation}, abstract_fa ={  لطفاً به چکیده انگلیسی مراجعه شود.}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1654-en.html}, eprint = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1654-en.pdf}, journal = {The Neuroscience Journal of Shefaye Khatam}, issn = {2322-1887}, eissn = {2345-4814}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {KamaliDolatabadi, Leila and Emamghoreishi, Masoumeh and Namavar, Mohammad Rez}, title = {P51: Anti-Inflammatory Curcumin Effect on Neuronal Number in the CA1 Area Following Global Cerebral Ischemia}, abstract ={Global cerebral ischemia (GCI) leads to inflammation and neuronal death in CA1. Curcumin with neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory properties is a potential candidate for suppressing cell death. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of curcumin on neuronal number in the CA1 area following GCI. 28 Sprague-Dawley male rats were randomly assigned into four groups including sham, control, and curcumin 50 and 100 mg/kg (n= 7/group). Two treatment groups were orally received curcumin for 28 days.  Control group was received PBS, Sham group did not receive anything. Cresyl violet staining following GCI was performed in 40μm paraformaldehyde perfused sections. Then the volume “v (CA1)” was estimated using the Cavalieri method and the total number of neurons in the CA1 area was determined using the optical dissector method. There were no significant differences in the volume of CA1 between studied groups. Total number of neurons significantly reduced in control group compare with sham group (p<0.01). Also there was no significant difference between curcumin 50 mg/kg and control group in total number of neurons. But, curcumin 100 mg/kg significantly increased number of neurons in comparison with curcumin 50 mg/kg (p<0.05) and control group (p<0.01). We found two effects̛ curcumin dose dependently: the first, curcumin cause to prevent neuronal death, the second, curcumin increased neuronal number of CA1.}, Keywords = {Global Cerebral Ischemia, Curcumin, CA1, Number of Neuron}, volume = {6}, Number = {2}, pages = {82-82}, publisher = {Shefa Neuroscience Research Center}, title_fa = {P51: Anti-Inflammatory Curcumin Effect on Neuronal Number in the CA1 Area Following Global Cerebral Ischemia}, abstract_fa ={  لطفاً به چکیده انگلیسی مراجعه شود.}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1655-en.html}, eprint = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1655-en.pdf}, journal = {The Neuroscience Journal of Shefaye Khatam}, issn = {2322-1887}, eissn = {2345-4814}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {Abolghazi, Maryam and Golalipour, Mohammad Jafar and Shahbazi, Maji}, title = {P52: The Survey of Correlation IL6 (-174)-IL10 (-1082/-819) Genes Polymorphism and Plaques in Women with Multiple Sclrosis}, abstract ={This study did not show any association between plaques and genotypes IL10 (-819), IL10 (-1082), and IL6 in women with multiple sclerosis.}, Keywords = {Multiple Sclerosis, Plaque, MRI, IL6, IL10(-819), IL10(-1082)}, volume = {6}, Number = {2}, pages = {83-83}, publisher = {Shefa Neuroscience Research Center}, title_fa = {P52: The Survey of Correlation IL6 (-174)-IL10 (-1082/-819) Genes Polymorphism and Plaques in Women with Multiple Sclrosis}, abstract_fa ={  لطفاً به چکیده انگلیسی مراجعه شود.}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1657-en.html}, eprint = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1657-en.pdf}, journal = {The Neuroscience Journal of Shefaye Khatam}, issn = {2322-1887}, eissn = {2345-4814}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {Namdari, Somayeh and Nasiri, Ahmad and Nejati, Vahi}, title = {P53: The Effect of Cognitive Rehabilitation Program on Hope Status in the Elderly}, abstract ={Along with increasing age of people, mental health problems have become an important concern worldwide. The aim of this study was to examine the effects of cognitive rehabilitation program on hope of the elderly. In this field trial, 70 retired elderly people were recruited via convenience sampling method and randomly allocated into intervention and control groups (n=35 per group). The intervention group participated in 12 one-hour sessions of cognitive rehabilitation program, whereas the control group received no intervention. Data were collected using a demographics form and Snyder et al.’s Hope Scale (1991). It was analyzed by SPSS software using paired t-test and independent t-test at a significant level p <0.05. The mean age of subjects in the intervention and control groups was 61.03 ± 3.81 and 61.02 ± 2.37, respectively. There was no significant difference between the two groups (p = 0.98, t = 0.001). The post-intervention mean score of hope was significantly higher than the pre-intervention stage (p <0.001), but there was no difference in the control group (p = 0.84). The mean score of hope after intervention was significantly greater in the intervention group than in the control group (p <0.001) while the score before intervention was similar in the two groups (p = 0.09). The cognitive rehabilitation program, including attentive and memory exercises, was effective in those who had somewhat lower hopes. Cognitive rehabilitation program can be a useful instrument for healthcare specialists to improve hope status in the elderly.}, Keywords = {Cognitive Rehabilitation, Elderly, Hope}, volume = {6}, Number = {2}, pages = {84-84}, publisher = {Shefa Neuroscience Research Center}, title_fa = {P53: The Effect of Cognitive Rehabilitation Program on Hope Status in the Elderly}, abstract_fa ={  لطفاً به چکیده انگلیسی مراجعه شود.}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1660-en.html}, eprint = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1660-en.pdf}, journal = {The Neuroscience Journal of Shefaye Khatam}, issn = {2322-1887}, eissn = {2345-4814}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {Mohajer, Afsaneh and Araghi, Atefeh and Sadighara, Paris}, title = {P54: The Oxidative Stress Assessment of Echium Amoenum on Mice Brain}, abstract ={Echium Amoenum (Boraginaceae) is one of the important medicinal herbs in traditional medicine. It has known for its variety effects such as demulcent, anti-inflammatory and analgesic, especially for common cold, anxiolytic and sedative, this plant contains small quantities of pyrrolizidine alkaloids that are toxic and chronic consumption may have adverse effects on the body's organs. in this study, 60 mice were chosen and divided into four groups. Group (1) as control group (without injection), group (2) received 12.5mg/kg, group (3) received 25mg/kg, group (4) received 50mg/kg body weight plant. Boraginaceae was injected into mice for a month. Then, the mice were decapitated and brains were collected to evaluate oxidative stress. The level of lipid oxidation was significant in groups. Brain tissue is rich in polyunsaturated fatty acid. Therefore, the level of lipid oxidation is usually more than other tissue. Changes in Ion reducing antioxidant capacity assay (CUPRAC) were not significant. The level of glutathione (GSH) increase in high dose. Echium Amoenum may don’t trigger toxicity in brain in low and intermediate doses.}, Keywords = {Echium Amoenum, Oxidative Stress, Brain}, volume = {6}, Number = {2}, pages = {85-85}, publisher = {Shefa Neuroscience Research Center}, title_fa = {P54: The Oxidative Stress Assessment of Echium Amoenum on Mice Brain}, abstract_fa ={  لطفاً به چکیده انگلیسی مراجعه شود.}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1661-en.html}, eprint = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1661-en.pdf}, journal = {The Neuroscience Journal of Shefaye Khatam}, issn = {2322-1887}, eissn = {2345-4814}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {Nosratian, Mahsa and Farjah, Gholam Hossein and Mohammadzadeh, Sam}, title = {P55: The Effect of Dimethyl Sulphoxide on Sciatic Nerve Regeneration in Rats with Eggshell Membrane Guide Channel}, abstract ={Autograft is gold standard treatment for peripheral nerve repair up to now. Eggshell membrane (ESM) as nerve guide channel effectively enhances nerve regeneration. Dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) has anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant properties. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of DMSO+eggshell membrane guide channel on sciatic nerve regeneration in rats. Thirty two adult male rats were randomly divided into sham surgery, autograft, ESM + normal saline (NS), and ESM + DMSO groups. A 10 mm segment of left sciatic nerve was removed. In the ESM groups, the cut ends of the nerve were telescoped into the nerve guide channel, and then DMSO or NS injected into them. In the autograft group the nerve segment used as an autologous nerve graft. Then all animals were evaluated by sciatic functional index (SFI), withdrawal reflex latency, histology, and gastrocnemius muscle weight. The mean of SFI and withdrawal reflex latency were improved in all groups. On the day 30 post-operation, the mean SFI of DMSO group was greater than the autograft and NS groups. The withdrawal reflex latency was not statistically significant in experimental groups. The number of myelinated axons in DMSO was greater than autograft and NS. The mean of muscle weight in DMSO group was significant more than autograft and NS groups. These findings demonstrate that ESM+DMSO effectively enhance nerve regeneration and promote functional recovery in injured sciatic nerve of rat.}, Keywords = {Dimethyl Sulphoxide, Eggshell Mmembrane, Nerve Regeneration, Rat }, volume = {6}, Number = {2}, pages = {86-86}, publisher = {Shefa Neuroscience Research Center}, title_fa = {P55: The Effect of Dimethyl Sulphoxide on Sciatic Nerve Regeneration in Rats with Eggshell Membrane Guide Channel}, abstract_fa ={  لطفاً به چکیده انگلیسی مراجعه شود.}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1663-en.html}, eprint = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1663-en.pdf}, journal = {The Neuroscience Journal of Shefaye Khatam}, issn = {2322-1887}, eissn = {2345-4814}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {Farhangfar, Mohamadreza and RezazadehVaraghchi, Jamileh}, title = {P56: A Case Report on a New Aicardi-Goutieres Syndrome Inducing Gene}, abstract ={Aicardi-Goutieres syndrome (AGS) is an inflammatory genetic disease inherited in an autosomal recessive manner. Common features of this disease are encephalopathy, splenomegaly and hepatomegaly, muscle stiffness, irritability, unstoppable crying, seizures and dilation in growth. According to previous studies, primary genes responsible for this Syndromes are as followed: TREX 1, RNASEH2A, RNASEH2B and RNASEH2C. Moreover, mutation in ADAR and SAMHD1 genes are assumed to play part in AGS. In this case we found a new gene mutation probably responsible for this syndrome. A 4 years old female with encephalopathy, one ear hearing impairment, strabismus, and hypertonic upper and lower limbs with tapering fingers was admitted to our genetic clinic. According to these clinical features and supplementary testing, she was diagnosed with AGS. Further molecular genetic testing indicated no homozygous mutations in common genes responsible for AGS in despite that both of her parents had a mutation in RNASEH2C and she carries only one mutated copy of RNASEH2C but a homozygous mutation in LAMA 1 gene, which encodes Laminin alpha 1 chain, was found. Previous studies demonstrated that LAMA 1 mutation could lead to motor neuron impairment and optical defections. It is necessary to emphasize that both of her parents had abnormal LAMA1 gene. With regard to our testing results, RNASEH2C mutation and LAMA 1 c.1957C>T mutation was concluded to be responsible for AGS in this case as a compound heterozygote. As a result, LAMA 1 can be introduced as a new AGS inducer. The findings of present research suggest the family should be subjected to PND in any pregnancy. After this report it is recommended to check LAMA 1 gene along with other responsible genes as a candidate for this syndrome.}, Keywords = {Aicardi-Goutieres Syndrome, LAMA 1, RNASEH2C}, volume = {6}, Number = {2}, pages = {87-87}, publisher = {Shefa Neuroscience Research Center}, title_fa = {P56: A Case Report on a New Aicardi-Goutieres Syndrome Inducing Gene}, abstract_fa ={  لطفاً به چکیده انگلیسی مراجعه شود.}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1665-en.html}, eprint = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1665-en.pdf}, journal = {The Neuroscience Journal of Shefaye Khatam}, issn = {2322-1887}, eissn = {2345-4814}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {Shabani, Mohammad and Asanpoor, Elham and Mahdian, Mehr}, title = {P57: Herbal and Complementary Medicine for the Treatment of Multiple Sclerosis}, abstract ={Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is an inflammatory demyelinating disease of the central nervous system. Signs and symptoms of MS vary widely and depend on the amount of nerve damage and which nerves are affected. A literature search was conducted using medical and health science electronic databases (PubMed and SID) up to January 31, 2018. Of the 150 records identified, 25 articles were eligible and reviewed using herbal medicine, phytotherapy, multiple sclerosis as keywords. Studies have been carried out on five medicinal herbs, including curcumin, cinnamon, ginseng, aloe vera and cannabis. Although the mechanism of herbal medicines is still not completely clear, most of these plants have anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects. While most studies have highlighted the positive effects of these plants, few of these papers also pointed to the lack of their benefits. MS is a disease that usually affects young people, especially in their productive ages, and this can be the most severe complication of this disease. In addition, current drugs also have little effect on reducing the complications of the disease, despite their severe side effects. Therefore, Complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) is an area of great public interest and activity, both nationally and globally. Herbal medicines are the most commonly used complementary medicine worldwide, especially in East Asia.}, Keywords = {Herbal Medicine, Herbal Treatment, Multiple Sclerosis, Systematic Review}, volume = {6}, Number = {2}, pages = {88-88}, publisher = {Shefa Neuroscience Research Center}, title_fa = {P57: Herbal and Complementary Medicine for the Treatment of Multiple Sclerosis}, abstract_fa ={  لطفاً به چکیده انگلیسی مراجعه شود.}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1666-en.html}, eprint = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1666-en.pdf}, journal = {The Neuroscience Journal of Shefaye Khatam}, issn = {2322-1887}, eissn = {2345-4814}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {RazaghiKashani, Shamim and AkhavanTafti, Mahnaz and AsghariEbrahimabad, Mohammad Jav}, title = {P58: Visual Working Memory Performance Based on Saccades in Children with and without Specific Learning Disorder: An Eye-Tracking Study}, abstract ={Some of the previous studies show that children with SLD have deficits in visual processing and working memory. Hence, the aim of this research was to investigate problems of visual working memory based on behavioral neuroscience method, using an eye tracker device. The method of present study was ex-post facto study. The participants included couple of twelve children with SLD (mean age=10.92) and without SLD (mean age=12.50). For measuring visual working memory, CORSI task was used and eye-tracking was used for recording saccade duration, saccade frequency, saccade amplitude, and saccade latency and saccade velocity. The findings highlighted that there is a significant difference in block span, total score and memory span between children with/without SLD (P< 0.05). There was a clear difference in saccade amplitude and saccade duration between two groups and these indexes were poor in SLDs. Based on these findings, further studies of neural mechanisms of visual working memory in SLDs are needed for better clarification of such deficits.}, Keywords = {Visual Working Memory, Saccade, Specific Learning Disorder, Eye-Tracking}, volume = {6}, Number = {2}, pages = {89-89}, publisher = {Shefa Neuroscience Research Center}, title_fa = {P58: Visual Working Memory Performance Based on Saccades in Children with and without Specific Learning Disorder: An Eye-Tracking Study}, abstract_fa ={  لطفاً به چکیده انگلیسی مراجعه شود.}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1667-en.html}, eprint = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1667-en.pdf}, journal = {The Neuroscience Journal of Shefaye Khatam}, issn = {2322-1887}, eissn = {2345-4814}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {Jafari, Faranak and Nazemi, Samad and Gholami, Omid and Pejhan, Akbar and Amin, Bahareh}, title = {P59: Effect of Umbelliprenin on Behavioral Responses of Neuropathic Pain and the Expression of Inflammatory Factors in Chronic Constriction Injury Model of Neuropathic Pain in Male Rats}, abstract ={Despite extensive investigations, the main mechanisms underlying neuropathic pain development are still not fully understood and there is no effective treatment for that. So intensive research is being done for finding new, efficient analgesic drugs. 56 male Wistar rats (230±30) were divided into 7 groups (n=8); control, sham, CCI and 3 Umbelliprenin groups (25, 50 and 100 microgram/rat). CCI model was used to induce chronic neuropathic pain. Umbelliprenin was intrathecally injected from day before to 2 days after the surgery. Mechanical and thermal allodynia and thermal hyperalgesia were evaluated by von-Frey, acetone drop and hot-plate tests respectively. Lumbar enlargement of spinal cord was collected for protein content and gene expression analysis. Statistical analysis indicated that allodynia increased in CCI group from POD 4 and hyperalgesia from POD 2 significantly in compare to the control group (P<0.05). Furthermore, 50 (P<0.01) and 100 (P<0.001) doses significantly attenuated the induction of allodynia and hyperalgesia in compare to CCI group, and this effect was significant from POD 7-14. One-way ANOVA indicated that Umbelliprenin was able to reduce TNFα protein content and IL-1β gene expression. The results show that administration of Umbelliprenin before injury can prevent or delay the onset of neuropathic pain symptoms. Furthermore, it can reduce cytokine expression and protein content in lumbar spine of CCI rats. Our view is that these results could be useful in finding new drugs to treat or alleviate the symptoms of neuropathic pain.}, Keywords = {Umbelliprenin, Neuropathic Pain, Inflammatory Factors, Rats}, volume = {6}, Number = {2}, pages = {90-90}, publisher = {Shefa Neuroscience Research Center}, title_fa = {P59: Effect of Umbelliprenin on Behavioral Responses of Neuropathic Pain and the Expression of Inflammatory Factors in Chronic Constriction Injury Model of Neuropathic Pain in Male Rats}, abstract_fa ={  لطفاً به چکیده انگلیسی مراجعه شود.}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1669-en.html}, eprint = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1669-en.pdf}, journal = {The Neuroscience Journal of Shefaye Khatam}, issn = {2322-1887}, eissn = {2345-4814}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {Shirzad, Mohammad Moein and Naseri, Farzin and Biglari, Ghazale and HasaniDooghabadi, Ali and JahanbaziJahanAbad, Ali and Es'haghabadi, Arezou and Gorji, Ali and SahabNegah, Saj}, title = {P60: Mesenchymal Stem Cells Encapsulated in a Self-Assembling Nanopeptide Scaffold Attenuate Neuroinflammation and Behavioral Function in a Model of Traumatic Brain Injury in Rats}, abstract ={Traumatic brain injury is one of the major causes of brain function impairments and surgery is involved in the treatment program of many cases although it cannot rescue the brain functions completely and is confined to reduce the second injury .in this study we aimed to investigate the effects of mesenchymal stem cells encapsulated in RADA1- GGS IKVAV, surgically injected into the lesion site. 36 male Wistar rats underwent an acute model of TBI. Subjects were divided into 5 groups, each consisting of 6 to 9 rats: Sham (receiving no treatment), PBS, GSIKVAV, Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSCs), GSIKVAV+ MSCs. MSCs were stained with BrdU. Flow cytometry was done to characterize MSCs. Several Behavioral tests were conducted: Open Field (OF) and Elevated Plus Maze (EPM) to assess anxiety-like behavior and modified Neurological Severity Score (mNSS) to evaluate the sensory- motor function. Subjects were euthanized at day 30. IHC was carried out to measure MSCs' viability and differentiation. Also, Western blotting was performed to check for inflammatory factors including toll like receptor3, 4, tumor necrosis factor α and glial fibrillary acidic protein. There was a significant decrease (P < 0.05) between MSCs and MSCs + GSIKVAV groups in mNSS score. In addition, the number of entries to the open arm in the EPM test and total distance in OF test was significantly higher (P < 0.05). Our data suggest that using MSCs in combination with GSIKVAV can rescue cognitive function. These findings suggest that new assembly peptides can be a new and potential therapy for TBI patients.}, Keywords = {Tissue Engineering, Neuroinflammation, Functional Recovery, Traumatic Brain Injury}, volume = {6}, Number = {2}, pages = {91-91}, publisher = {Shefa Neuroscience Research Center}, title_fa = {P60: Mesenchymal Stem Cells Encapsulated in a Self-Assembling Nanopeptide Scaffold Attenuate Neuroinflammation and Behavioral Function in a Model of Traumatic Brain Injury in Rats}, abstract_fa ={  لطفاً به چکیده انگلیسی مراجعه شود.}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1672-en.html}, eprint = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1672-en.pdf}, journal = {The Neuroscience Journal of Shefaye Khatam}, issn = {2322-1887}, eissn = {2345-4814}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {SoltanmohamadiBoroujeni, Fateme and Zare, Mohamad Mahdi and Mokhtari, Tahmine}, title = {P61: Pandard Syndrome, Disorders and Treatments Available: An Overview Article}, abstract ={Pendard syndrome is a genetic disorder that is usually associated with hearing loss in children and thyroid status called goiter, and sometimes affects the balance of the person. Researchers estimate that 7 to 8 percent of the total congenital hearing loss is Pandard's syndrome. A sign that a person may have mutated the SLC26A4 gene is a family history of hearing loss in the early days. Another sign is a family member with goiter and hearing loss. The mutation in the SLC26A4 gene can be determined by genetic testing using a blood sample. In this article, we are trying to find out more about the latest articles on the disease so that the latest findings on the disease can be readily available to the reader. The systematic search of pub med and med science databases was done to obtain more information about the syndrome and identify the published articles as well as the therapeutic methods tested on this syndrome. A total of 20 articles in this field were reviewed. Among them, about 15 articles have been presented and studied the disease and various symptoms and causes of it, and 5 articles have introduced methods for preventing symptoms and functional disorders in activity. The thyroid gland and the inner ear of the affected person. There is no specific treatment for this syndrome, but it is possible to inform the patient and his family about therapeutic options to help and improve the condition of the patient. Children with this syndrome should be supported at an early stage in order to learn how to use communication skills at an advanced age. People with this syndrome should refer to the hearing specialist in terms of auditory assessment and ENT. Cochlear implant surgery can also treat existing anomalies.}, Keywords = {Pendard Syndrome, Thyroid, Intraocular, Disorders}, volume = {6}, Number = {2}, pages = {92-92}, publisher = {Shefa Neuroscience Research Center}, title_fa = {P61: Pandard Syndrome, Disorders and Treatments Available: An Overview Article}, abstract_fa ={  لطفاً به چکیده انگلیسی مراجعه شود.}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1673-en.html}, eprint = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1673-en.pdf}, journal = {The Neuroscience Journal of Shefaye Khatam}, issn = {2322-1887}, eissn = {2345-4814}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {Moosavi, Maryam and Zarifkar, Amir Hossein and Farbood, Yaghoub and Dianat, Mahin and Sarkaki, Alireza and Ghasemi, Rasoul}, title = {P62: Agmatine Protects Against Intracerebroventricular Streptozotocin-Induced Water Maze Memory Deficit, Hippocampal ApoptosisandAkt/GSK3β Signaling Disruption}, abstract ={Intracerebroventricular stereptozotocin (STZ) treatment has been described as a suitable model for sporadic Alzheimer’s disease (sAD). Centrally administered STZ decreases insulin and insulin receptors in the brain and interrupts PI3/Akt signaling pathway and GSK-3β. Additionally it raises Bax/Bcl-2 ratio and prompts hippocampal apoptosis. Agmatine, a polyamine derived from L-arginine decarboxylation, is recently shown to exert some neuroprotective effects. This study aimed to assess if agmatine reverses STZ-induced memory deficits and Akt/GSK-3β signaling disruption and apoptosis in the hippocampus. Adult male Sprague-Dawely rats weighing 200-250 g were used in this study. The canules were implanted bilaterally into lateral ventricle. STZ was administered on days 1 and 3 (3 mg/kg). Agmatine treatment (40 or 80 mg/kg) was started from day 4 in an every other day manner and continued till day 14. The animal’s learning and memory capability was assessed on days 15-18 using Morris water maze. After complement of the behavioral studies the hippocampi was isolated and the amounts of hippocampal cleaved caspase 3 (the landmark of apoptosis), Bax/Bcl-2 ratio, total and phosphorylated forms of GSK-3β and p-Akt were analyzed by western blot. The results showed that agmatine in 80 but not 40 mg/kg reversed the memory loss induced by STZ. Western blot analysis revealed that STZ induced elevation of caspase-3; Bax/Bcl-2 ratio and disrupted Akt/GSK-3β signaling in the hippocampus. Agmatine prevented apoptosis and Akt/GSK-3β signaling alteration induced by STZ. This study disclosed that agmatine treatment avert not only STZ-induced memory deterioration but also hippocampal apoptosis and Akt/GSK-3β signaling interruption.}, Keywords = {STZ, Agmatine, Learning and Memory, Apoptosis, Akt, GSK-3β}, volume = {6}, Number = {2}, pages = {93-93}, publisher = {Shefa Neuroscience Research Center}, title_fa = {P62: Agmatine Protects Against Intracerebroventricular Streptozotocin-Induced Water Maze Memory Deficit, Hippocampal ApoptosisandAkt/GSK3β Signaling Disruption}, abstract_fa ={  لطفاً به چکیده انگلیسی مراجعه شود.}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1675-en.html}, eprint = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1675-en.pdf}, journal = {The Neuroscience Journal of Shefaye Khatam}, issn = {2322-1887}, eissn = {2345-4814}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {Faramarzi, Ayuob and Allahverdy, Armin and Amiri, Mahmood and Raminfard, Samira and SiyahMansoory, Meysam}, title = {P63: Automatic Detection of Glioblastoma Multiforme Tumors Using Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy Data Based on Neural Network}, abstract ={Inflammation has been closely related to various forms of brain tumors. However, there is little knowledge about the role of inflammation in glioma. Grade IV glioma is formerly termed glioblastoma multiform (GBM). GBM is responsible for over 13,000 deaths per year in the America. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is the most commonly used diagnostic method for GBM tumors. Recently, use of the MR spectroscopy (MRS) technique has been widely considered. The advantage of using MRS with MRI is that MRS can show biochemical biomarkers non-invasively. In the analysis of MRS data, the segmentation of GBM and normal regions is very important (especially in the borders) and requires very careful operation. The purpose of this study is to distinguish between GBM and normal regions using a neural network to improve the diagnosis of neuroscientists, neurologists, radiologists and neurosurgeons. Four patients, including 2 men and 2 women with GBM tumors, were studied according to the radiologist's comments .Applying a 1.5Tesla Siemens scanner, MRS data were acquired. Choline and n-acetyl aspartate metabolites were identified. In order to measure the concentration of metabolites, MRS data were first analyzed using TARQUIN software. Then, using MATLAB software, the calculated concentrations were classified into normal and GBM groups using a neural network. The results showed that sensitivity and specificity of classification are 78% and 87% respectively. By categorizing the data obtained from TARQUIN software and using neural networks, it is possible to determine the GBM and normal regions automatically in order to investigating the role of neuro inflammation in GBM tumor metabolites.}, Keywords = {Glioblastoma Multiforme Tumors, Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy, Neural Network }, volume = {6}, Number = {2}, pages = {94-94}, publisher = {Shefa Neuroscience Research Center}, title_fa = {P63: Automatic Detection of Glioblastoma Multiforme Tumors Using Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy Data Based on Neural Network}, abstract_fa ={  لطفاً به چکیده انگلیسی مراجعه شود.}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1676-en.html}, eprint = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1676-en.pdf}, journal = {The Neuroscience Journal of Shefaye Khatam}, issn = {2322-1887}, eissn = {2345-4814}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {Nehzat, Nasim and Esmaeil, Nafiseh and Shaygannejad, Vahid and Nafissi, Shahriar and Mirmossayeb, Omi}, title = {P64: Increased Proportion of Tc17 and Th17 Cells and their Significant Reduction after Thymectomy may be Related to Disease Progression in Myastenia Gravis}, abstract ={Myasthenia gravis (MG) is an autoimmune disease mediated by auto-antibodies against the neuromuscular junction. The thymus has an important role in the pathogenesis of MG because most of the patients have thymic pathology and thymectomy (TE) can reduce the severity of the disease. In the present study, the frequency of Th17 and Tc17 cells were studied in MG patients (pre and 6 months post-TE) and healthy controls. We recruited 12 MG patients from the Shariati Hospital, Tehran, Iran, and the Alzahra Hospital, Isfahan, Iran, and 12 age- and sex-matched HC from the outpatient service of our institution (Department of Immunology, Isfahan Medical School, Isfahan, Iran) from April 2016 to May 2017. The frequency of Tc17 cells in pre-TE patients was significantly higher than HC (p <0.05) and after thymectomy Tc17 cells significantly decreased compared to the pre-TE (p <0.05). The frequency of Th17 cells in pre-TE patients was significantly higher than HC (p <0.05) and after thymectomy Th17 cells significantly decreased compared to the pre-TE (p <0.05). Our findings indicated a possible role of Tc17 and Th17 in MG pathogenesis.  }, Keywords = {Myasthenia Gravis, Thymectomy, Th17, Tc17 }, volume = {6}, Number = {2}, pages = {95-95}, publisher = {Shefa Neuroscience Research Center}, title_fa = {P64: Increased Proportion of Tc17 and Th17 Cells and their Significant Reduction after Thymectomy may be Related to Disease Progression in Myastenia Gravis}, abstract_fa ={  لطفاً به چکیده انگلیسی مراجعه شود.}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1678-en.html}, eprint = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1678-en.pdf}, journal = {The Neuroscience Journal of Shefaye Khatam}, issn = {2322-1887}, eissn = {2345-4814}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {Kafian, Sima and Yaghoobi, Mahdi and Attari, Im}, title = {P65: Speech Recognition Based on Bbrain Signals by the Quantum Support Vector Machine for Inflammatory Patient ALS}, abstract ={People communicate with each other by exchanging verbal and visual expressions. However, paralyzed patients with various neurological diseases such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and cerebral ischemia have difficulties in daily communications because they cannot control their body voluntarily. In this context, brain-computer interface (BCI) has been studied as a tool of communication for these types of patients. In this study, the reliability of electroencephalography (EEG) signals in discriminating between different covert speech tasks is investigated. Twelve participants, across two sessions each, were asked to perform multiple iterations of three differing mental tasks for 10 s each: unconstrained rest or the mental repetition of the words “no”, “yes” and "rest" A Quantum Support Vector Machine  was used to classify all three pairwise combinations of “no” or “yes” and "rest" trials and also for ternary classification. In Results An average accuracy of 0.94% ± 2.6 was reached in the classification of covert speech trials versus rest, with all participants exceeding chance level (0.95%). The classification of “no” versus “yes” yielded an average accuracy of 0.93 ± 0.6 with ten participants surpassing chance level (0.95). Finally, the ternary classification yielded an average accuracy of 0.93% ± 0.4. with all participants exceeding chance level (0.96%). The proposed QSVM algorithm provided significantly higher accuracies compared to some of the most common classification techniques in BCI. To our knowledge, this is the first report of using QSVM for the classification of EEG covert speech across multiple sessions. Our results support further study of covert speech as a BCI activation task, potentially leading to the development of more intuitive BCIs for communication.  }, Keywords = {Inflammatory Patient Als, Brain Signal, Silent Speech Persian, Quantum Support Vector Machine}, volume = {6}, Number = {2}, pages = {96-96}, publisher = {Shefa Neuroscience Research Center}, title_fa = {P65: Speech Recognition Based on Bbrain Signals by the Quantum Support Vector Machine for Inflammatory Patient ALS}, abstract_fa ={  لطفاً به چکیده انگلیسی مراجعه شود.}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1680-en.html}, eprint = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1680-en.pdf}, journal = {The Neuroscience Journal of Shefaye Khatam}, issn = {2322-1887}, eissn = {2345-4814}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {SahabNegah, Sajad and Saeedi, Nikoo and Mirdoosti, Motahareh and Rahimi, Sadegh and Beheshti, Farimah and Baghishani, Fatemeh and RagerdiKashani, Mohadeseh}, title = {P66: A New Approach for a Rodent Model of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)}, abstract ={introduction:One of the most important chalenges in studing the anxiety disorders like PTSD is ethical limits in order to make the animal anxious. Sometimes  this anxiety should last for a long time such as rodent models of PTSD, and this needs aggressive proceses on rats.We found a new approach for a rodent model of PTSD, wich seems to be more efficient and ethical. Materials and Methouds: 36 adult male Wistar rats weighing 200±20 were divided into two groups of experimental and control. The experimental group were exposed to a male adult cat for 5 minutes, one by one. The cat was kept hungry for 14 hours and the rat`s cage was smeared up with cat`s food. the control group have not been exposed to the cat. After 7 days, the EPM and the Open-field test was performed and the blood samples were sent to laboratory for corticosteroid tests. Results: The results of the EPM test in conjunction of the open-field test showed that the anxiety in the experimental group was significantly higher than the control group. The cortisol level was also significantly higher in the experimental group. Conclusion: In this study we showed that long-lasting manifestations of PTSD such as increased anxiety and higher cortisol can persist by only a single 5 minuetes cat exposure, which is a significantly shorter time in comparison to the previous methods.  }, Keywords = {Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder, Anxiety, Cortisol level, Rodent Model}, volume = {6}, Number = {2}, pages = {97-97}, publisher = {Shefa Neuroscience Research Center}, title_fa = {P66: A New Approach for a Rodent Model of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)}, abstract_fa ={  لطفاً به چکیده انگلیسی مراجعه شود.}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1682-en.html}, eprint = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1682-en.pdf}, journal = {The Neuroscience Journal of Shefaye Khatam}, issn = {2322-1887}, eissn = {2345-4814}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {FuladiTarghi, Farzaneh and Faraji, Fardin and MalekiRad, Ali Akbar and Ghasami, Keyvan and Talaie, Afsoo}, title = {P67: The Effect of Melatonin on EDSS and Fatigue in Multiple Sclerosis}, abstract ={Multiple Sclerosisis (MS) is a common demylinating disease of CNS that inflammation and stress oxidative processes have an important role in clinical courses and progression of it. Suppressing the antigen-presenting capacity of glial cells seems a convinient way of reducing inflammatory activity in MS. The aim of the present study was to determine the anti-inflamatory effects of Melatonin on fatigue and EDSS in MS. In a double-blind, placebo-controlled exploratory study, 62 patients with relapsing remitting MS were randomised to oral Melatonin 3 mg or placebo daily for 8 weeks. Scale of Fatigue in MS and disability was studied by assessing FSS (Fatigue Severity Scale) and EDSS (Expanded Disability Status Scale) on weeks 1 and 8. 47 patient in intervention group and 15 patient in placebo group completed the study. In patient, treatment with Melatonin produced a significant decrease in FSS vs placebo patienta.Although in control group،the average of FSS was 35.866 that after intervention، was 41.Because the score of placebo patient is near or upper than 36 ،this study suggested that Melatonin has a significant effect on improving and decreasing fatigue in MS. Also in this study the average of early EDSS was 2.96 in intervention group and 4.86 in placebo group and after treatment with melatonin was 2.8 and 4.53 in intervention and placebo group respectively. This study suggested that melatonin has a weak effect on improvement of disability and EDSS in MS. Our study shows that use of melatonin along side of First-line drugs such as mitoxantrone، IFN – B or glatimer acetate can improve fatigue in patient with MS.}, Keywords = {EDSS, Fatigue, Melatonin, Multiple Sclerosis}, volume = {6}, Number = {2}, pages = {98-98}, publisher = {Shefa Neuroscience Research Center}, title_fa = {P67: The Effect of Melatonin on EDSS and Fatigue in Multiple Sclerosis}, abstract_fa ={لطفاً به چکیده انگلیسی مراجعه شود.  }, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1683-en.html}, eprint = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1683-en.pdf}, journal = {The Neuroscience Journal of Shefaye Khatam}, issn = {2322-1887}, eissn = {2345-4814}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {Seyedinia, Ali and Safakhah, Hossein Ali and Taghavi, Tahereh and Tarahomi, Parnia and Vafaei, Abbas Ali and Sokhanvar, Mina and Mohebbi, Narges and Rashidy-Pour, Ali}, title = {P68: Effects of Saffron Extract and its Active Constituent Crocin on Development of Neuropathic Pain in a Rat Model of Chronic Constriction Injury}, abstract ={Neuropathic pain is caused by a lesion or disease affecting the nervous systems, and is generally manifested as spontaneous pain, hyperalgesia, and allodynia. Previous study indicate that saffron has anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, we investigated whether saffron and crocin, a major constitute of saffron, would infleuence on behavioral responses of pain induced by chronic constriction injury (CCI). Adult male Wistar rats (200 to 250 g) were randomly assigned into 6 groups: Sham, CCI, CCI+ Saline, CCI+Saffron (30mg/kg) and CCI +Crocin (15) and CCI +Crocin (30). CCI was induced by setting four loose ligatures around the left siatic nerve of the rat. Two weeks after nerve lesion, injections of saline, saffron or crocin were started and continued every 24 hours until the day 26 post-surgery. Pain behavioral responses including mechanical allodynia (von Frey filament testing) and thermal hyperalgesia were measured at days 14, 17, 20, 23, 26, and 40 after CCI. CCI induced a long-lasting hyperalgesia to nocious heat and mechanical allodynia. Treatment with saffron and crocin (30 mg/kg) decreased thermal hyperalgesia and mechanical allodynia from the days 20-23 after surgery that lasted until the day 40. The lower dose of crocin (15 mg/kg) only decreased mechanical alodynia from the day 23 after CCI that lasted until the day 40. These findings indicate that treatment with saffron and crocin after CCI may have a therapeutic effect, suggesting that these substances may offer new strategies for the treatment of this highly debilitating condition.}, Keywords = {Saffron, Crocin, CCI, Allodynia, Hyperalgesia, Rat}, volume = {6}, Number = {2}, pages = {99-99}, publisher = {Shefa Neuroscience Research Center}, title_fa = {P68: Effects of Saffron Extract and its Active Constituent Crocin on Development of Neuropathic Pain in a Rat Model of Chronic Constriction Injury}, abstract_fa ={  لطفاً به چکیده انگلیسی مراجعه شود.}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1686-en.html}, eprint = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1686-en.pdf}, journal = {The Neuroscience Journal of Shefaye Khatam}, issn = {2322-1887}, eissn = {2345-4814}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {Tarahomi, Parnia and Safakhah, Hossein Ali and Mohammadzadeh, Farzaneh and Seyedinia, Ali and Rashidy-Pour, Ali and Vafaei, Abbas Ali}, title = {P69: Effect of curcuma longa (Curcumin) in Neuropathic Pain Behavioral Response to CCI Model in Rat}, abstract ={Treatment of neuropathic pain is still a major challenge because of its noresponsiveness to most available pharmacotherapy. Curcumin has been reported to play an active role in the treatment of various neurological disorders, such as neuropathic pain. In this study, the role of curcumin has been evaluated in pain behavioral responses of chronic Constriction injury (CCI) in rat. In this experimental study male Wistar rats (200–250 g) were used. Animals have been categorized as random based on groups of CCI, CCI with vehicle injection and CCI with 30 and 60 mg/kg Curcumin injection. For induction of CCI, Bennett & Xie (1988) method has been used applying CCI by 4 loose ligatures. Fourteen days after creation of neural injury, IP Injection of Vehicle and Curcumin have been started and continued to 26th day as daily. Animal behavioral responses have been measured using mechanical allodynia (Von Frey) and thermal hyperalgesia in 14 to 40th days After CCI. Data analyzed by one-way ANOVA and tukey test. Results indicated that CCI increases pain behavioral responses as significantly (P<0.05). Curcumin injection (30mg/Kg) leads to decrease of mechanical allodynia from 20th day and thermal hyperalgesia from 23th day. These effects have been continued to 40th day. Curcumin injection (60 mg/kg) leads to decrease of mechanical allodynia and thermal hyperalgesia only in 26th day. Based on findings, probably, curcumin can be effective on resulted neuropathy pains of CCI.}, Keywords = {Cci, Curcumin, Thermal Hyperalgesia, Mechanical Allodynia, Rat}, volume = {6}, Number = {2}, pages = {100-100}, publisher = {Shefa Neuroscience Research Center}, title_fa = {P69: Effect of curcuma longa (Curcumin) in Neuropathic Pain Behavioral Response to CCI Model in Rat}, abstract_fa ={  لطفاً به چکیده انگلیسی مراجعه شود.}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1687-en.html}, eprint = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1687-en.pdf}, journal = {The Neuroscience Journal of Shefaye Khatam}, issn = {2322-1887}, eissn = {2345-4814}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {Shiri-Shahsavar, Mohammad Reza and Khangaldi, Sharareh and Aliyari-Serej, Zeynab and Pourhassan-Moghaddam, Mohammad and Ebrahimi-kalan, Abbas}, title = {P70: Comparison of Hemp Seed Oil Effect on Expression of Cannabinoid Receptor 1 and 2 in Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis}, abstract ={Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune disease of central nervous system with inflammatory basis. Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) is common animal model used in experiments the most for investigating the multiple sclerosis due to many similar aspects. Hemp seed oil possess potential anti-inflammatory properties. In our research we investigated and compared the effect of hemp seed oil containing natural cannabinoids and poly unsaturated fatty acids on expression of cannabinoid receptors (CB) 1 and 2. Female C57bl/6 mice in three groups (8 in each) randomly allocated as follows: non-EAE (A), EAE treated with hemp seed oil (B) and EAE control (C). After one week of acclimatization in circadian rhythmic standard experimental condition mice were immunized, save group A. The day before induction (day zero), ip administration of hemp seed oil initiated and continued for 28 days. Clinical score and weight was recorded by a blind expert through the study and analysed by SPSS and ML-win where P value <0.05 considered statistically significant. Findings demonstrated a significant difference in clinical scores in group B compared to C (p values < 0.001). Moreover, expression of both CB1 and CB2 promoted significantly in group B in comparison to C (all p values < 0.001). This increase in CB2 expression was statistically more significant than CB1 expression. Numerous immunoregulatory, anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant properties of hemp seed oil appraised for its poly unsaturated and/or essential fatty acids, anti-oxidants, vitamins and cannabinoids containment. Here in, hemp seed oil diminished clinical debilities probably through reduction in inflammation as confirmed by disease score descend. Furthermore, activation of CB1 and CB2 expression suggest pivotal role of these receptors in disease control.  }, Keywords = {Nutraceuticals, Hemp Seed Oil, Cannabinoid Receptors (CB1, CB2), Gene Expression, Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis (EAE), Multiple Sclerosis (MS)}, volume = {6}, Number = {2}, pages = {101-101}, publisher = {Shefa Neuroscience Research Center}, title_fa = {P70: Comparison of Hemp Seed Oil Effect on Expression of Cannabinoid Receptor 1 and 2 in Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis}, abstract_fa ={  لطفاً به چکیده انگلیسی مراجعه شود.}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1689-en.html}, eprint = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1689-en.pdf}, journal = {The Neuroscience Journal of Shefaye Khatam}, issn = {2322-1887}, eissn = {2345-4814}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {Shokri, Maede and RafieeNode, Shaqayegh and Mortazavi, Soheil}, title = {P71: The Effect of Pretreatment with Ibuprofen and Dexamethasone on the Effect of Nerve Block Lower Alveolar Marked in Irreversible Pulpitis Teeth}, abstract ={Successful local anesthesia is the bedrock of pain control in endodontics. Pain control is essential to reduce fear and anxiety associated with endodontic procedure. It is belivied that premedication with non-streroidal anti–inflammatory (NSAID) drugs before administrating inferior alveolar nerve block (IANB) increases the success of anesthesia. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of premedication with dexamethasone (SAID) and ibuprofen (NSID) on frequency of success of IANB in patients with symptomatic irreversible pulpitis. 75 emergency patients in severe pain diagnosed with symptomatic irreversible pulpitis of a mandibular posterior tooth randomly divided in 3 groups. Patients received, in a double-blined manner, identical capsules of either 4mg dexamethasone or 400mg ibuprofen or starch powder 1 hour before the administration of the IANB. Access was begun 15 minutes after the completion of IANB. Success was defined as no or mild pain (Visual analogue scale recording) on access. The success rate for the IAN block was 80.8 % for the dexamethasone group and 73 % for the ibuprofen group, with no significant difference (P=0.337) between the 2 groups. The success rate was 38.5 % for placebo group that significantly lower than dexamethasone and ibuprofen groups (P=0.008). Preoperative administration of 4mg dexamethasone or 400mg ibuprofen 1 hour of the IAN block result in a significant increase in anesthetic success in mandibular molars with sympthomatic irreversible pulpitis.}, Keywords = {Ibuprofen, Dexamethasone, Nerve Block, Pulpitis Teeth}, volume = {6}, Number = {2}, pages = {102-102}, publisher = {Shefa Neuroscience Research Center}, title_fa = {P71: The Effect of Pretreatment with Ibuprofen and Dexamethasone on the Effect of Nerve Block Lower Alveolar Marked in Irreversible Pulpitis Teeth}, abstract_fa ={  لطفاً به چکیده انگلیسی مراجعه شود.}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1691-en.html}, eprint = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1691-en.pdf}, journal = {The Neuroscience Journal of Shefaye Khatam}, issn = {2322-1887}, eissn = {2345-4814}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {Baradaran, Saeideh and HajizadehMoghaddam, Akbar and Ghasemi-Kasman, Maryam}, title = {P72: Hesperetine Nanoparticles Ameliorate Glial Activation and Reduce Demyelination Llevel of Rat Optic Chiasm in Lysolecithin-Iinduced Demyelination Model}, abstract ={Multiple sclerosis (MS) is one of the most autoimmune neurological and inflammatory disease in worldwide. Demyelination and disturbance of action potential conductance are regarded as main signs of MS disease. Hesperetin (Hst) is one of the flavonoid that have neuroprotective properties. The present study attempts to evaluate the effects of hesperetin or its nanoparticle on myelin repair and glial activation in lysolecithin (LPC) -induced demyelination model. Local demyelination was induced by administration of LPC (1%, 2μL) into the rat' optic chiasm. Animals have received oral administration of Hst or nano-Hst at dose of 20 mg/kg for 14 and 21 days post lesion. Visual evoked potential (VEPs) records were performed on days 0, 7, 14 and 21 post lesions. Immunostaining against Iba 1 (microglia marker) and GFAP (astrocytes marker) were carried out for evaluation of myelination and astrocytes activation. Electrophysiological evidence emphasize that oral administration of hesperetin and nano-hespretin could reduce the P1-N1 latency and increase the amplitude of VEPs waves compared to the saline and Hst groups (p≤0.001). Immunostaining showed that myelin repair was improved in animals which have received nano-Hst treatment; In addition, nano-hesperetin and its nanoparticle effectively reduced the expression of GFAP in optic chiasm (p≤0.001). The extent of demyelination was reduced in animals under treatment of hesperetin) p≤0.01 (or nanohesperetin(p≤0.001). Our results showed hesperetin and nano-hesperetin treatment significantly enhances myelin restoration through endogenous sources of glial progenitor cells following local injection of LPC.}, Keywords = {Optic Chiasm, Lysolecithin, Demyelination, Nano-Hesperetin, Myelin Repair, Glial Activation}, volume = {6}, Number = {2}, pages = {103-103}, publisher = {Shefa Neuroscience Research Center}, title_fa = {P72: Hesperetine Nanoparticles Ameliorate Glial Activation and Reduce Demyelination Llevel of Rat Optic Chiasm in Lysolecithin-Iinduced Demyelination Model}, abstract_fa ={  لطفاً به چکیده انگلیسی مراجعه شود.}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1692-en.html}, eprint = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1692-en.pdf}, journal = {The Neuroscience Journal of Shefaye Khatam}, issn = {2322-1887}, eissn = {2345-4814}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {Baradaran, Saeideh and HajizadehMoghaddam, Akbar and KhanjaniJelodar, Sedigheh}, title = {P73: Nano-Phytosome of Curcumin Improve Behavioral Impairment on Carrageenan-Induced Acute Inflammation Model in Mice}, abstract ={Inflammatory disorders alone or as a consequence of neurological disease affecting patients in life. Experimental models of inflammation are use to evaluate the production of inflammatory mediators at site of inflammation. Curcumin is one of the flavonoids possesses potent anti-inflammatory activity. However, because of low water solubility curcumin, its clinical application has been limited. The present study attempts to assessment the effects of curcumin and nano-phytosome of curcumin on improve of behavioral impairment and reduce inflammation cytokines in carrageenan-induced inflammation model. Animals have received oral administration of curcumin or nano-phytosom of curcumin at dose of 15 mg/kg for 7 days before injection of carrageenan. Acute inflammation was induced by injection of carrageenan (1%,) into the subplantar region of left paw in mice. Tail pinch test and hotplate test (for evaluated the threshold of neuroinflammation pain) were performed on ½ h before injection and  ½ h, 2 h, 24 h after injection of carrageenan. The results of behavioral testes showed enhance of  antinociceptive effects in the animals recieved curcumin(p≤0.01) and nano-phytosome of curcumin (p≤0.001) compaired to other groups. These results suggested that curcumin and its nano-phytosome improvement behavioral impairment and reduce inflammation cytokines following local injection of carrageenan.  }, Keywords = {Carrageenan, Inflammation, Nano-Phytosome of Curcumin, Inflammation Cytokines }, volume = {6}, Number = {2}, pages = {104-104}, publisher = {Shefa Neuroscience Research Center}, title_fa = {P73: Nano-Phytosome of Curcumin Improve Behavioral Impairment on Carrageenan-Induced Acute Inflammation Model in Mice}, abstract_fa ={  لطفاً به چکیده انگلیسی مراجعه شود.}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1694-en.html}, eprint = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1694-en.pdf}, journal = {The Neuroscience Journal of Shefaye Khatam}, issn = {2322-1887}, eissn = {2345-4814}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {AliBahreiniPour, Mohammad and Hovanloo, Fariborz and Joukar, Siyavash and Najafipour, Hami}, title = {P74: Low-Intensity Aerobic Training for Along with Blood Flow Restriction on Amount of Protein BDNF in Soleus and EDL Muscles as well as the Sciatic Nerve in Aged Male Rats}, abstract ={Neurotrophins are a group of nerve growth factors with their protein structure. These proteins play an important role in the growth and metabolism of many cells and maintain nerve, muscle, synaptic potentials, and also helps reduce depression and apoptosis. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of 10 weeks low-intensity aerobic training and limited blood flow to the amount of protein neurotrophic factor derived from the brain (BDNF) in the soleus, extensor long fingers muscles (EDL) as well as sciatic nerve in rats the elderly. 60 elderly male Wistar rats (23-24 months) were chosen which their weigh were 355 to 481 grams. They were divided into 6 groups randomly, blood flow restriction (BFR), exercise with blood flow restriction (BFR + Ex), sham (Sh), sham with exercise (Sham + Ex), control (Ctl) and exercise (Ex). They were trained with a low aerobic exercise (15 m / min) for 1 hour, 5 days a week for 10 weeks then were sacrificed 48 hours after the last training session. The samples of muscle and the sciatic nerve were separated immediately and they were put in a solid nitrogen. and Then, they were preserved at -80 ° C. The protein samples were detected by Western Blotting method. The statistical analysis was conducted with SPSS software version 18. Data normal distribution determined by Shapiro – Wilk test. Comparisons were performed among different groups by one-way ANOVA and post hoc Tukey’s test. P values less than 0.05 were considered as statistically significant. The results have shown that BDNF protein just decreased in the EDL muscle for BFR + Ex group compared with Ctl and Sh groups (P˂0.05) significantly. In addition, in soleus muscle BFR + Ex group decreased in compare with all groups (groups Ctl, Sh and BFR P˂ 0.001 and Ex and Sh + Ex (p˂0.05) significantly. moreover, Ex, Sh + Ex groups in comparison with Ctl and Sh have decreased significantly (P˂ 0.001). On the other hand, the sciatic nerve of BFR + Ex group, in comparison with all groups, increased significant (P˂ 0.001). This study has indicated that this type of exercise can effect on the BDNF protein in slow and fast witch muscles. Furthermore, BFR+Ex, as a training method, can influence on nerve and muscle positively.}, Keywords = {Endurance Training, Neurotrophic Factors, Reduced Blood Flow- Aging}, volume = {6}, Number = {2}, pages = {105-105}, publisher = {Shefa Neuroscience Research Center}, title_fa = {P74: Low-Intensity Aerobic Training for Along with Blood Flow Restriction on Amount of Protein BDNF in Soleus and EDL Muscles as well as the Sciatic Nerve in Aged Male Rats}, abstract_fa ={  لطفاً به چکیده انگلیسی مراجعه شود.}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1697-en.html}, eprint = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1697-en.pdf}, journal = {The Neuroscience Journal of Shefaye Khatam}, issn = {2322-1887}, eissn = {2345-4814}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {MohaselRoodi, Mina and Idoon, Faezah and Asghari, Hadi and Ivar, Ghasem and Sedghi, Zohreh and Hami, Javad and HasanzadehTaheri, Mohamad Mahdi and Sadeghi, Akram}, title = {P75: Expression of GDNF Genes in the Cerebellum of Rat Neonate Born to Mother with Diabetes}, abstract ={Diabetes Mellitus as a common metabolic disorder in women of reproductive age is rising throughout the globe. Diabetes in pregnancy has various adverse outcomes on different organs development including the central nervous system (CNS) and it can cause learning deficits, behavioral problems and motor dysfunctions in the offspring. The cerebellum is a part of brain that coordinates voluntary movements and controls balance and also participate for motor learning, and language processing. Neurodevelopmental assessment of the child born to diabetic mothers has displayed a short and long-term neurocognitive and neurobehavioral abnormalities in the offspring. Even though neuronal death has also known the main leading cause of diabetic CNS and peripheral neuropathies, the exact mechanism of neuronal death in diabetes type I mellitus has not been completely understood yet. Neurotrophic factor family (NTFs) consists of: nerve growth factor (NGF) family, glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor family ligands (GDNF) and some cytokines. Several processes in neuronal cells such as survival, migration, neurite outgrowth, formation of synapses and neuronal plasticity are controlled by NTFs. In the majority of experimental studies the important role of GDNF and its receptor components (GFRα1 and Ret) in the survival of different populations of neurons in the central and peripheral nervous systems have been proved. Beside the expression of GDNF in developing Purkinje cell and granule cell layers in many researches has shown. In spite of the fact that subsequent studies demonstrated molecular layer interneuron (MLIs) are essential for normal cerebellar function and motor learning, signals controlling survival and mechanisms migration of Purkinje cells (PCs) from the ventricular zone to form the PC plate during embryonic development of the cerebellum are incompletely unknown. In previous studies reported that the neurotrophic receptor GFRa1 is transiently expressed in developing PCs and loss of GFRa1 delays PC migration. Regarding above mentioned facts, since cerebellum is one of the important parts in the brain for memory/learning processing; on the other hand expression GDNF and GFRα-1 is essential for the development and PCs migration, this study aimed to investigate mRNA expression and distribution pattern of GDNF in different layers of cerebellum in early postnatal development in diabetics' rat off springs.  }, Keywords = {GDNF, Cerebellum, Purkinje Cells}, volume = {6}, Number = {2}, pages = {106-106}, publisher = {Shefa Neuroscience Research Center}, title_fa = {P75: Expression of GDNF Genes in the Cerebellum of Rat Neonate Born to Mother with Diabetes}, abstract_fa ={  لطفاً به چکیده انگلیسی مراجعه شود.}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1700-en.html}, eprint = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1700-en.pdf}, journal = {The Neuroscience Journal of Shefaye Khatam}, issn = {2322-1887}, eissn = {2345-4814}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {Rashidimehr, Khadije and Yaghubi, Tahere}, title = {P76: Comparison the Effect of Coriandrum Sativum and Salvia Officinalis Hydroalcoholic Extract on Learning and Memory in Mice; the Role of oxidativeS}, abstract ={In this study, the efficacy of Coriandrum and salvia extracts in spatial and passive avoidance memory in mice was studied. 56 male mice (25-30g) divided randomly into 8 groups: negative control, positive control and extract administered (50, 100 and 200 mg/kg of both plants), and treated for 25 days. negative and positive control group received normal saline and Ritalin respectively. After training, passive Avoidance memory was measured with shuttle box and spatial memory was measured with Morris water maze and Y maze, twenty-four hours and one week after the last injection. Finally, blood samples were collected, MDA and SOD in serum were measured using ELISA kits of Zell Bio, Germany. Data were analyzed by using ANOVA and Tukey test. The P<0.05 was considered significant. Data analysis showed both Coriandrum and salvia hydroalcoholic extract(200mg/kg)  improved passive avoidance memory (P<0.01) and spatial memory (P<0.05) in mice in compared with control groups.after one week this effect was seen in salvia but wasn't seen for Coriandrum.and in both group (100 and 200mglkg) amount of MDA was significantly. decreased, but no significant change was observed in the SOD content between them. It seems that the beneficial effects of these plants on memory related to oxidative stress indices and reducing the level of lipid peroxidation of the serum but other mechanisms maybe have effect in longer efficacy in salvia rather than Coriandrum and more studies is needed to determine the mechanism this effect.  }, Keywords = {Coriandrum Sativum, Salvia Officinalis, Memory, Oxidative Stress, Mice}, volume = {6}, Number = {2}, pages = {107-107}, publisher = {Shefa Neuroscience Research Center}, title_fa = {P76: Comparison the Effect of Coriandrum Sativum and Salvia Officinalis Hydroalcoholic Extract on Learning and Memory in Mice; the Role of oxidativeS}, abstract_fa ={  لطفاً به چکیده انگلیسی مراجعه شود.}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1701-en.html}, eprint = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1701-en.pdf}, journal = {The Neuroscience Journal of Shefaye Khatam}, issn = {2322-1887}, eissn = {2345-4814}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {Herrmann, Alexander M and Göbel, Kerstin and Eichler, Susann and Breuer, Johanna and Glumm, Sarah and Kovac, Stjepana and Ruck, Tobias and Merker, Monika and Hundehege, Petra and Epping, Lisa and Geuss, Eva and H.H.W.Schmidt, Harald and Kleinschnitz, Christoph and Meuth, Sven G}, title = {P77: NADPH Oxidase Type 4 Inhibits Immune Cell Trafficking into The Central Nervous System During Neuroinflammation}, abstract ={Transendothelial trafficking of immune cells into the central nervous system (CNS) and disruption of the blood brain barrier (BBB) are pathophysiological hallmarks of neuroinflammatory disorders like multiple sclerosis (MS). Accumulating evidence suggest that oxidative stress plays a major role in the pathogenesis of MS, whereas a specific influence of oxidative stress on BBB dysfunction in MS was unclear so far. Here, we identify NADPH oxidase type 4 (NOX4) as a specific and direct modulator of BBB integrity. Deficiency of NOX4, but not NOX1 or NOX2, rendered mice more susceptible to experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (an animal model of MS) and was accompanied by a remarkable enhancement of BBB disruption and CNS inflammation. Murine and human in vitro analysis revealed that lack of NOX4 amplifies leukocyte trafficking by modified endothelial cells. Further, reduced endothelial NOX4 expression was found in CNS tissue of individuals suffering from MS indicating an important role of NOX4 also in humans. Our study demonstrates, for the first time, that NOX4 is an important and direct regulator of BBB integrity. NOX4 activation can decrease BBB damage and cell invasion during neuroinflammation and may offer a novel strategy for the treatment of MS.  }, Keywords = {NADPH Oxidase, Immune Cells, Neuroinflammation}, volume = {6}, Number = {2}, pages = {108-108}, publisher = {Shefa Neuroscience Research Center}, title_fa = {P77: NADPH Oxidase Type 4 Inhibits Immune Cell Trafficking into The Central Nervous System During Neuroinflammation}, abstract_fa ={  لطفاً به چکیده انگلیسی مراجعه شود.}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1702-en.html}, eprint = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1702-en.pdf}, journal = {The Neuroscience Journal of Shefaye Khatam}, issn = {2322-1887}, eissn = {2345-4814}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {Pirnia, Bijan and Pirnia, Kambiz}, title = {P78: Depression and the Relation of These Symptoms with Plasma Cortisol Level in Individuals Dependent and Independent to Methamphetamine, a Cross-Sectional Study}, abstract ={Methamphetamine is a psychostimulant drug that is highly addictive and causes epigenetic changes that is associated with symptoms of depression. The aim of the present study is comparing age and gender differences in individuals dependent and independent to methamphetamine and examining the relation of depression with the level of cortisol. In a cross-sectional study, 55 methamphetamine users with diagnosis of depression (29 men and 26 women) and also 65 non-users depressed patients (30 men and 35 women) among who referred to three stimulant treatment centers in Tehran were selected using purposeful sampling method and were assigned into four groups. Evaluating the level of plasma cortisol hormone was done using radioimmunoassay method (RIA) and depression symptoms were evaluated using Depression Questionnaire. Data were analyzed using chi-square test, multivariate variance analysis and Pierson correlation. The results showed the level of cortisol in two groups of male and female Meth users was higher than two groups of non-users (P<0.05). Also, there is a significant relationship between the level of cortisol and depression in Meth users (P< 0.05). This relationship is stronger in women than men. Also, age index in users had lower than two groups of non-users (P<0.05). The findings of the present study can be useful in the process of preventing and treating addiction. Using chemotherapy in creating changes in cortisol levels with the aim of controlling usage relapse can be an appropriate path for future researches in this field.}, Keywords = {Depression, Plasma Cortisol Level, Methamphetamine}, volume = {6}, Number = {2}, pages = {109-109}, publisher = {Shefa Neuroscience Research Center}, title_fa = {P78: Depression and the Relation of These Symptoms with Plasma Cortisol Level in Individuals Dependent and Independent to Methamphetamine, a Cross-Sectional Study}, abstract_fa ={  لطفاً به چکیده انگلیسی مراجعه شود.}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1703-en.html}, eprint = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1703-en.pdf}, journal = {The Neuroscience Journal of Shefaye Khatam}, issn = {2322-1887}, eissn = {2345-4814}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {Asadi, Ehsan and Farhadi, Ahmad and Rahimi, Ahmad and Aghalar, Matin and Jamali, Akram and Mohtasham, Elahe}, title = {P79: The Efficacy of Cefazolin Plus Macrolide (Erythromycin or Clarithromycin) Versus Cefazolin Alone in Neonatal Morbidity and Placental Inflammation for Women with Preterm Premature Rupture of Membranes}, abstract ={Although the use of broad-spectrum antibiotics in women with preterm premature rupture of membranes (PPROM) is recommended to prolong pregnancy and decrease short-term neonatal complications, the optimal regimen remains undetermined. The objective of this study was to compare the efficacy of cefazolin plus macrolide (erythromycin or clarithromycin) versus cefazolin alone in reducing neonatal morbidity and placental inflammation for women with PPROM. This prospective study included singleton pregnancies with PPROM (23-33 weeks gestation). The primary outcome was neonatal composite morbidity and the secondary outcomes were the incidence of abnormal brain sonography and infant neurological outcome at one year of age. The presence and the stage of acute histological chorioamnionitis and funisitis were also reviewed blinded to all clinical information. 120 women were randomly assigned to cefazolin (n = 40), cefazolin plus erythromycin (n = 40), or cefazolin plus clarithromycin (n = 40). The neonatal composite morbidity, the incidence of abnormal brain sonography, and infant neurological outcome at one year of age were similar between the comparison treatments (combination of cefazolin plus erythromycin or clarithromycin) and cefazolin. However, the presence and stage of histological funisitis showed significant difference between cefazolin plus clarithromycin versus cefazolin alone (p = 0.314). This study is the first clinical trial of the use of cefazolin with either clarithromycin or erythromycin compared to cefazolin alone in the management of PPROM in which the primary and secondary analyses showed no difference among the three antibiotic regimens. The only noted difference was from a lesser degree of histological funisitis associated with clarithromycin exposure. Our data suggests that clarithromycin may be an alternative worth considering with potentially beneficial effects compared to erythromycin in PPROM.  }, Keywords = {Cefazolin, Clarithromycin, Placental Inflammation, Preterm Premature}, volume = {6}, Number = {2}, pages = {110-110}, publisher = {Shefa Neuroscience Research Center}, title_fa = {P79: The Efficacy of Cefazolin Plus Macrolide (Erythromycin or Clarithromycin) Versus Cefazolin Alone in Neonatal Morbidity and Placental Inflammation for Women with Preterm Premature Rupture of Membranes}, abstract_fa ={  لطفاً به چکیده انگلیسی مراجعه شود.}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1705-en.html}, eprint = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1705-en.pdf}, journal = {The Neuroscience Journal of Shefaye Khatam}, issn = {2322-1887}, eissn = {2345-4814}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {Amirkhosravi, Ladan and Khaksari, Mohammad and Ebrahimi, Mohammad Navi}, title = {P80: The Effects of Progesterone Receptors\' Antagonist RU-486 on BrainEdema, Intracranial Pressure and Neurological Outcomes after Traumatic Brain Injury}, abstract ={In previous studies, the neuroprotective effect of progestrone in diffuse traumatic brain injury has been shown. This study used mifepristone (RU-486), a potent progesterone receptor antagonist, to evaluatethe hypothesis that the neuroprotective effect of progesterone in traumatic brain injury is mediated by the progesterone receptors. The ovariectomized rats were divided into 6 groups. Brain injury was induced by Marmarou’s method. Progesterone was injected 30 minutes after traumatic brain injury, and RU-486 was injected before traumatic brain injury and also before progesterone treatment. The brain water content(BWC) and Evans blue dye content (EBC) were measured 24 and 5 hours after traumatic brain injury, respectively. The neurologic outcomes and intracranial pressure (ICP) were assessed before, 4, and 24 hours after traumatic brain injury. BWC and EBC were less in progesterone -treated group comparison to vehicle group. RU-486 eliminated the effects of progestrone on brain edema and blood brain barrier permeability. ICP was increased significantly after trauma, and progesterone decreased intracranial pressure at 4 and 24 hours after traumatic brain injury in comparison to vehicle. This inhibitory effect was also eliminated by treatment with RU-486.  RU-486 also inhibited the progestrone induced increase in neurologic outcomes following traumatic brain injury. The results suggest that a genomic pathway of progesterone receptor have probably a role in the neuroprotective function of progesterone following traumatic brain injury.  }, Keywords = {Progesterone Receptors' Antagonist, RU-486, Traumatic Brain Injury }, volume = {6}, Number = {2}, pages = {111-111}, publisher = {Shefa Neuroscience Research Center}, title_fa = {P80: The Effects of Progesterone Receptors\' Antagonist RU-486 on BrainEdema, Intracranial Pressure and Neurological Outcomes after Traumatic Brain Injury}, abstract_fa ={  لطفاً به چکیده انگلیسی مراجعه شود.}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1707-en.html}, eprint = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1707-en.pdf}, journal = {The Neuroscience Journal of Shefaye Khatam}, issn = {2322-1887}, eissn = {2345-4814}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {Ghafourian, Mandana Sadat and ZarifSaghebAkbarpoor, Niloofar and Noori, Ami}, title = {P81: Detection of Epileptic Seizures Using EEG Signal Processing}, abstract ={Epilepsy is the most common brain diseases that cause many problems in the daily life of the patient. In most attempts to automatic detection, the attack used an EEG. In this paper, The complete data set consists of five sets recorded from normal and epileptic patients. Each set containing 100 single-channel EEG segments. Here we used first and last sets (A and E). Set A consisted of segments recorded from healthy subjects while they were relaxed in an awake state with open eyes While set E contained seizure activity taken from patients whom had the resection of one of the hippocampal formations and were under seizure control the empirical mode decomposition method used to analyze the random signals better than previous methods. The feature used for classification have been obtained from EEG signal decomposition into frequency sub-bands by Discrete wavelet transform (DWT) for decreasing dimensions of DWT coefficients, some statistical features are calculated for each frequency sub-bands. we compared the classification results of using reduction technique, each frequency sub-bands. Experimental results show that the proposed method can serve as a promising alternative for Automatic diagnosis system in the future. In this paper, we designed a computer diagnostic system that helps experts to increase the accuracy of the diagnosis of the epilepsy.}, Keywords = {Epileptic Seizure, Discrete Wwavelet Transform (DWT), Computer Diagnostic System}, volume = {6}, Number = {2}, pages = {112-112}, publisher = {Shefa Neuroscience Research Center}, title_fa = {P81: Detection of Epileptic Seizures Using EEG Signal Processing}, abstract_fa ={  لطفاً به چکیده انگلیسی مراجعه شود.}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1709-en.html}, eprint = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1709-en.pdf}, journal = {The Neuroscience Journal of Shefaye Khatam}, issn = {2322-1887}, eissn = {2345-4814}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {Nikkhah, Farkhonde}, title = {P82: Comparison of the Effect of Stress & Exercise on Plasma Corticosterone & Hippocampal Apoptosis in the Female PTSD Rats}, abstract ={associated with inability to extinguish these fear memories, & hippocampal atrophy, & increase the risk of neurodegenerative disease. Studies showed that apoptosis is a neurodegenerative process that has important role in that ,although volume & function of hippocampus reduce by the chronic effect of glucocorticoids. Hippocampal steroid receptors control the HPA axis. Glucocorticoids involve in stress response, they also have activity in immune system ,control of physiologic & basal level of metabolism and memory consolidation. The SSRIs have been considered as a first-line medication choice but the response of rates rarely exceed 60%. Exercise is advocated as a behavioral intervention to alleviate neurological deficits. Adult female Wistar rats divided to SPS & sham groups. We used to (SPS) model as an animal model for PTSD. After 14 days SPS & sham group rats divided to two sub groups: 1) Exercise group: moderate treadmill exercise for 4 weeks & 5 days in each week. 2) Control group without any intervention. At the end of the intervention, rats from each group were decapitated, trunk blood was collected & serum was used for the corticosterone assay. The hippocampi were also removed and the mRNA expression of pro-apoptotic (Caspase 3) proteins was determined by using RT-PCR method. Statistical analysis Showed that corticosterone levels significantly increased in PTSD rats and exercise can alleviated this factor in these animals, expression of Caspase 3 mRNA increased in the SPS rats, and exercise reduced expression of Caspase 3 mRNA in this animals. This study have shown that moderate treadmill exercise can be reduce the rate of apoptosis in hippocampus PTSD rats by regulating corticosterone secretion.}, Keywords = {Stress, Exercise, Corticosterone & Hippocampal Apoptosis, PTSD Rats}, volume = {6}, Number = {2}, pages = {113-113}, publisher = {Shefa Neuroscience Research Center}, title_fa = {P82: Comparison of the Effect of Stress & Exercise on Plasma Corticosterone & Hippocampal Apoptosis in the Female PTSD Rats}, abstract_fa ={  لطفاً به چکیده انگلیسی مراجعه شود.}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1710-en.html}, eprint = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1710-en.pdf}, journal = {The Neuroscience Journal of Shefaye Khatam}, issn = {2322-1887}, eissn = {2345-4814}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {Heidari, Amir Reza and Boroumand-Noughabi, Samaneh and Nosratabadi, Reza and Rastin, Maryam and Mahmoudi, Mahmou}, title = {P83: Central Neuropathic Pain Development in Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis C57BL/6 Mouse Model Induced by QS-21 Adjuvant}, abstract ={Central neuropathic pain (CNP) is considered as a complicated sensory disturbance which many multiple sclerosis (MS) patients suffer from. Although monophasic experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) mouse model is a gold standard model in preclinical research of MS, severe movement deficit could confound pain behaviors evaluation over the disease course. In this study, complete Freund’s adjuvant (CFA) was substituted with an acylated triterpene glycoside saponin adjuvant named quillaja saponin-21 (QS-21) to establish EAE model for CNP development. Twentyfour, 5-7 weeks old female C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into three groups. Two groups immunized with MOG35-55 peptide emulsified with CFA and QS-21 adjuvant. The last group received PBS as negative control group. Thermal hyperalgesia as a CNP clinical manifestation through hot plate test and clinical signs were assessed for 60 days' post immunization (p.i). On days 21 and 60 p.i mice were sacrificed and TCD4+, TCD8+, IL-17+ cells in total splenocytes population by flow cytometry and lymphocyte infiltration and demyelination of brain samples by histopathological staining were evaluated. EAE was established in MOG+QS-21 and MOG+CFA groups as mild relapsing-remitting and monophasic models, respectively. Thermal hyperalgesia developed in the bilateral hindpaws on the onset of clinical symptoms in MOG+CFA and MOG+QS-21 groups and it was maintained until study completion in MOG+QS-21 group. TCD4+, TCD8+ and IL-17+ cells population in MOG+QS-21 and MOG+CFA groups increased significantly (P<0.05) on days 21 and 60 p.i compared to PBS group. Although, inflammatory cells infiltration were increased significantly on days 21 and 60 in MOG+QS-21 and MOG+CFA groups, however demyelination was seen on days 21 and 60 only in MOG+CFA group compared to PBS group (P<0.05). QS-21 adjuvant is capable of establishing mild relapsing-remitting EAE model for CNP development with severe neuro-inflammation and no significant demyelination in white matter.}, Keywords = {Multiple Sclerosis, Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis, Quillaja Saponin-21, Central Neuropathic Pain, Thermal Hyperalgesia}, volume = {6}, Number = {2}, pages = {114-114}, publisher = {Shefa Neuroscience Research Center}, title_fa = {P83: Central Neuropathic Pain Development in Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis C57BL/6 Mouse Model Induced by QS-21 Adjuvant}, abstract_fa ={لطفاً به چکیده انگلیسی مراجعه شود.}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1718-en.html}, eprint = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1718-en.pdf}, journal = {The Neuroscience Journal of Shefaye Khatam}, issn = {2322-1887}, eissn = {2345-4814}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {Vafaee, Farzaneh and Zarifkar, Asadollah and Namavar, Mohammad Reza and Emamghoreishi, Masoumeh}, title = {P84: Effect of Insulin-Like Growth Factor 2 (IGF2) as a Microglia-Derived Anti-Iinflammatory Ccytokine on Improving Memory Impairment Following Hippocampal Intracerebral Hemorrhage in Rat}, abstract ={Insulin-like growth factor 2 (IGF2) as a microglia-derived anti-inflammatory cytokine has a pivotal activity in memory consolidation. However, there is limited evidence on brain cell-originated IGF2 expression, regulation and function in pathological condition and neuro-inflammation. Hence, the present study was conducted to investigate the effect of IGF2 on improving the memory impairment in a rat model of hippocampal intracerebral hemorrhage. 24 male Sprague Dawley rats randomly assigned into three groups. To stablish a rat model of intracerebral hemorrhage, 100 µl of blood autologous was injected into the left hippocampus. The animals received intrahipocampally the IGF2 upon 30 minutes after injecting the blood, followed by testing for behavioral parameters, including neurological deficit score, passive avoidance test, wire hanging test and novel object recognition at two weeks after the injection, then hippocampus volume was estimated using the Cavalieri method. The result indicated that retention and recall capability improved, was IGF2 injected into hippocampus compare with control group (P<0.05). Also, neurological deficit score significantly increased following IGF2 injection (P<0.05), but there was no significant difference in locomotor deficits measured by wire hanging test between groups. Moreover, hippocampal volume increased (P<0.01) and infract volume decreased (P<0.01) in IGF2 group compared to the control group. Our results showed that the IGF2 injected into the hippocampus promoted learning and memory and also IGF2 as a microglia-derived anti-inflammatory had a positive influence on infract volume resulted from brain secondary damage and neuroinflammation after ICH.}, Keywords = {Hippocampus, IGF2, Neuro-Inflammation, Memory}, volume = {6}, Number = {2}, pages = {115-115}, publisher = {Shefa Neuroscience Research Center}, title_fa = {P84: Effect of Insulin-Like Growth Factor 2 (IGF2) as a Microglia-Derived Anti-Iinflammatory Ccytokine on Improving Memory Impairment Following Hippocampal Intracerebral Hemorrhage in Rat}, abstract_fa ={لطفاً به چکیده انگلیسی مراجعه شود.}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1719-en.html}, eprint = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1719-en.pdf}, journal = {The Neuroscience Journal of Shefaye Khatam}, issn = {2322-1887}, eissn = {2345-4814}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {Kooranian, Faranak and Foroughipour, Mohsen and Khosravi, Alireza and Kooranian, Shiv}, title = {P85: Association of Disability with Urinary and Sexual Dysfunction in Patients with Diagnosed Multiple Sclerosis}, abstract ={Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is one of the most common diseases of the central nervous system it is often seen in adults who may be sexually active. This disability can be associated with sexual-urinary problems that affect all aspects of their lives. The aim of this study is to evaluate the association between disability and urinary-sexual dysfunction in women with MS. This study is a descriptive-correlation study of 78 women with MS who were recruited with the method of “access based on target .included participants were 78 women suffering from MS who referred to Neurology clinic of Ghaem Hospital 2013.Data were collected using data information sheets for demographic variables and urinary parameters. Krutzke scale for measuring developed disability and female sexual function index (FSFI) were also used to collect information. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and appropriate statistical methods and SPSS -19 were used the p-value of (0.05) was considered statistically significant. Patients had participated mild disability (52.6%) and moderate (47.4%). The most and the least prevalent parameters were satisfaction domain and pain sexual with the frequency of (43.6%) and (10.3%), respectively. The most and the least prevalent parameters were urinary frequency and urinary incontinence with the frequency of (30%) and (2.5%), respectively. Pearson’s correlation reported meaningful negative linear correlation between the levels of disability with sexual dysfunction. (r=-0.61 P=0.001). Based on regression analysis, it was determined that the level of disability, the high age, the years of diagnosis and the type of Relapsing-Remitting disease had the greatest effect on sexual dysfunction. The prevalence of urinary – sexual dysfunction in multiple sclerosis affects all aspects of life, so the evaluation should focus more on these disorders and provide context for the implementation of rehabilitation programs for patients.  }, Keywords = {Multiple Sclerosis, Disability, Sexual Dysfunction, Urinary Dysfunction}, volume = {6}, Number = {2}, pages = {116-116}, publisher = {Shefa Neuroscience Research Center}, title_fa = {P85: Association of Disability with Urinary and Sexual Dysfunction in Patients with Diagnosed Multiple Sclerosis}, abstract_fa ={لطفاً به چکیده انگلیسی مراجعه شود.}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1720-en.html}, eprint = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1720-en.pdf}, journal = {The Neuroscience Journal of Shefaye Khatam}, issn = {2322-1887}, eissn = {2345-4814}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {Azizi, Paris}, title = {P86: Investigation of the Relationship between ZNF804A and DISC1 Polymorphisms in RS61886494 and RS12133766 Positions in Schizophrenic Patients}, abstract ={Schizophrenia is a mental disorder characterized by abnormal social behavior and failure to understand reality. The aim of this study was to determine the relation between FOLH1 and DISC1 genes polymorphism in patients with schizophrenia in Iran. In this study, 50 patients with schizophrenia and 50 healthy controls were evaluated. PCR-RFLP was used for FOLH1 gene and Tetra-ARMS for the DISC1 gene for evaluation of single nucleotide polymorphism in both groups of patients and control. For enzymatic digestion of PCR products, the positions of RS61886494 and RS12133766 were used for enzyme MseI and BseLI and incubated for 37 hours at 16°C. The frequency of CC, CT and TT genotypes for FOLH1 gene in RS61886494 region was 92%, 8%, and 0%. In the DISC1 gene, the frequency of GG, GA, and AA genotypes in the RS12133766 region was 84%, 8%, and 8%. For FOLH1 gene in RS61886494 region, the frequency of CC and TT genotypes in patients was 2% and 6% lower in healthy people, while the CT genotype in patients was 8% higher in healthy people. Interestingly, TT genotype was not observed in patients and healthy genotype CT was not observed. Regarding the DISC1 gene, the results showed that the frequency of GG and AA homozygote genotypes in the patients was higher in the RS12133766 region when the heterozygote GA was high in healthy people and was not observed in patients with this heterozygote.  }, Keywords = {Schizophrenia, Polymorphism, Disc1, Folh1}, volume = {6}, Number = {2}, pages = {117-117}, publisher = {Shefa Neuroscience Research Center}, title_fa = {P86: Investigation of the Relationship between ZNF804A and DISC1 Polymorphisms in RS61886494 and RS12133766 Positions in Schizophrenic Patients}, abstract_fa ={لطفاً به چکیده انگلیسی مراجعه شود.}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1721-en.html}, eprint = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1721-en.pdf}, journal = {The Neuroscience Journal of Shefaye Khatam}, issn = {2322-1887}, eissn = {2345-4814}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {Ashrafizadeh, Milad and Abdollahzadeh, Sedighe and Asemani, Vahab}, title = {P87: The Role of the Long Non-Coding RNA Sequences (LncRNAs) in Neurological Disorders}, abstract ={Precise interpretation of the transcriptome sequences in the several species showed that the major part of genome has been transcribed; however, just a few amounts of the transcription sequences have open-reading frames which are conversed during the evolution. So, it is unlikely that many of the transcribed sequences code the proteins. Among the all human non-coding transcripts, at least 10000 are approximated to be less 200 nucleotides and are considered as long non-coding RNAs. Overall analysis of the mammalian transcriptome shows that long non-coding RNAs may form the large part of the cellular transcripts. In recent years, there had been an increase in researches for determining the role of lnRNAs at the development and disease. Studies have showed that lncRNAs play an important role in controlling the development of the central nervous system (CNS). Brain development of higher vertebrates is associated to the increase in the levels and complexity of lncRNAs in the developing nervous system. It is known that limited rates of expressed lncRNAs in CNS are important for the neuronal differentiation. Conclusion: LncRNAs contribute in creating neurological disorders by playing a role in mRNA splicing. Advancement in the sequencing technologies and promotion of the useful non-coder elements lead to the rapid detection of the expressed lncRNAs in the vertebrates and invertebrates. Systematic interpretations of the time and spatial pattern of expression in the developing nervous system provide a background for the hypotheses which are related to the lncRNA function.}, Keywords = {Long Non-Coding Sequence, Neurological Disorders, CNS, Development}, volume = {6}, Number = {2}, pages = {118-118}, publisher = {Shefa Neuroscience Research Center}, title_fa = {P87: The Role of the Long Non-Coding RNA Sequences (LncRNAs) in Neurological Disorders}, abstract_fa ={لطفاً به چکیده انگلیسی مراجعه شود.}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1722-en.html}, eprint = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1722-en.pdf}, journal = {The Neuroscience Journal of Shefaye Khatam}, issn = {2322-1887}, eissn = {2345-4814}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {Asemani, Vahab and Ashrafizadeh, Milad and Abdollahzadeh, Sedighe}, title = {P88: The Relationship between the TNFα of the Microglia Cells and the Parkinson Disease}, abstract ={TNFα is one of the inflammatory cytokines which plays an important role in activating the Caspase and inducing the apoptosis. This cytokine which is secreted in inflammations, induces the NO production in macrophages and leads to differentiation of the macrophages to the epithelioid and giant cells. One of the most important factors which stimulates the TNFα secretion, is LPS and that antigen (LPS) is the mitogen of the Ti-1 in the B lymphocytes and as a result, many of macrophages such as microglia cells proliferate. Microglia is the smallest non-neuronal cells in the CNS and responds to the inflammations in the CNS. One of the factors in developing the Parkinson disease is TNFα which is secreted of the microglia cells and destroys the dopaminergic neurons in substantia negra. In Parkinson disease, microglia cells leave the resting form and achieve the plastic amoeboid morphology (In the resting form, microglia cells have homeostatic roles and eliminate the neurotoxins and dead cells). Finally, the levels of the Caspase 3 and 8 increase and the condition is prepared for the apoptosis of the neuron and in both chronic and acute forms, the levels of the TNFα increase in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF).}, Keywords = {TNFα, Parkinson, Microglia Cells}, volume = {6}, Number = {2}, pages = {119-119}, publisher = {Shefa Neuroscience Research Center}, title_fa = {P88: The Relationship between the TNFα of the Microglia Cells and the Parkinson Disease}, abstract_fa ={لطفاً به چکیده انگلیسی مراجعه شود.}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1723-en.html}, eprint = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1723-en.pdf}, journal = {The Neuroscience Journal of Shefaye Khatam}, issn = {2322-1887}, eissn = {2345-4814}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {Ashrafizadeh, Milad and Asemani, Vahab and Abdollahzadeh, Sedighe}, title = {P89: The Relationship Between the TNFα of the Microglial Cells and the Multiple Sclerosis}, abstract ={TNFα is an inflammatory cytokine and the caspase and apoptotic processes can be activated by TNFα There are two classes of TNFα (solTNF and tmTNFα) which are important from the receptor aspect, so that solTNFα and tmTNFα can attach to the TNFR1, but tmTNFα just attaches to the TNFR2. Microglia cells are resident immune cells of the central nervous system (CNS) and they respond to the injury and infection and also remove the cellular debris. In the neurological disorders, the microglia cells are activated and they secrete cytokines such as TNFα Some neurological disorders are associated to the TNFα of activated microglial cells and one of the common diseases is multiple sclerosis (MS). The TNFα which is secreted by microglial cells, functions through various mechanisms and causes the multiple sclerosis. One of the ways would be that TNF increases the caspase 3 and 8 and stimulates the neuronal destruction. Furthermore, this cytokine changes the levels of the proteins such as tau protein and impairs the synaptic formation. In this article, we will investigate the association between this cytokine and MS.  }, Keywords = {TNFα, Microglial Cells, Multiple Sclerosis }, volume = {6}, Number = {2}, pages = {120-120}, publisher = {Shefa Neuroscience Research Center}, title_fa = {P89: The Relationship Between the TNFα of the Microglial Cells and the Multiple Sclerosis}, abstract_fa ={لطفاً به چکیده انگلیسی مراجعه شود.}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1724-en.html}, eprint = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1724-en.pdf}, journal = {The Neuroscience Journal of Shefaye Khatam}, issn = {2322-1887}, eissn = {2345-4814}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {Asemani, Vahab and Ashrafizadeh, Milad and Abdollahzadeh, Sedighe}, title = {P90: The Relationship between the TNFα of the Microglia Cells and the Alzheimer Disease}, abstract ={TNFα is one of the most important inflammatory cytokines which induces caspase and apoptotic process. There are two forms of TNFα: soluble TNFα (solTNFα) and transmembrane TNFα (tmTNFα). These inflammatory cytokines have two receptors namely TNRF1 and TNRF2. The attachments of the cytokines to those receptors induce the TRAF and activate the NK-Kb. TNFR1 is found in most of the cells and solTNFα and tmTNFα have the ability to attach to the TNFR1, but the TNFR2 is just found in the microglia and endothelial cells and reacts with the tmTNFα. Microglia is one of the smallest cells in the CNS which has the ability of phagocytosis and is one of the first cells which responds to the inflammations and exogenous factors. In general, there is a balance between the levels of the solTNFα and tmTNFα, but in the CNS disorders, in according to the damages in the neurons and disturbances in the cell conditions, that balance is interrupted and one of the cytokines is secreted more than normal level. One of the most important chronic neurodegenerative damages that is stimulated by TNFα, is Alzheimer disease. In the Alzheimer disease, activated microglia cells increase the levels of the TNFα which inclines the extracellular b-Amyloid, tau protein, intracellular neurofibrillary tangles and microgliosis that these changes lead to synaptic dysfunctions and neuronal destruction.}, Keywords = {TNF, CNS, Microglia, Alzheimer}, volume = {6}, Number = {2}, pages = {121-121}, publisher = {Shefa Neuroscience Research Center}, title_fa = {P90: The Relationship between the TNFα of the Microglia Cells and the Alzheimer Disease}, abstract_fa ={لطفاً به چکیده انگلیسی مراجعه شود.}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1725-en.html}, eprint = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1725-en.pdf}, journal = {The Neuroscience Journal of Shefaye Khatam}, issn = {2322-1887}, eissn = {2345-4814}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {Khatibzadeh, Negin and Rahmanipour, Elham}, title = {P91: Auto Graft Transplantation of Adult Human Neural Stem Cells in Treatment of Traumatic Brain Injury as a Hypothesis}, abstract ={Traumatic brain injury (TBI) leading to 5 million deaths annually is 1 of the 5 major causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. In Iran, accidents are the main cause of death in youth as well as a dominant factor in reducing quality of life. In developing countries TBI incidence as one of the worst consequences of these accidents is growing due to wide use of motor-vehicles. Therapeutic strategies for TBI are limited to supportive care such as reduction of intracranial pressure and maintaining blood pressure. Currently there are no specific effective treatments available. Cell replacement strategies have become a major focus of innovative therapies over the last 15 years. Neural stem cell (NSC) transplantation in treatment of various neurological and neurodegenerative diseases (stroke, TBI, spinal cord injury, brain tumors, Parkinson’s disease, etc.) have showed promising effects including promoting tissue regeneration, replacing the lost neural cells and improving functional deficits. Several studies suggest anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective effects of human NSCs derived from human fetus and embryonic stem cells after TBI. However, to our knowledge efficacy of adult NSC transplantation in treatment of TBI has not been studied previously. Transplantation of auto graft adult NSCs derived from the patient's brain can be considered as a potential treatment to minimize TBI side effects and its extensive economic burden to hospitals including emergency department visits, hospitalizations, and utilization of intensive care units. This method has minimal autoimmune responses therefore ample use of immunosuppressant medication is not required.}, Keywords = {Traumatic Brain Injury, Stem Cell Transplantation, Human Neural Stem Cells}, volume = {6}, Number = {2}, pages = {122-122}, publisher = {Shefa Neuroscience Research Center}, title_fa = {P91: Auto Graft Transplantation of Adult Human Neural Stem Cells in Treatment of Traumatic Brain Injury as a Hypothesis}, abstract_fa ={لطفاً به چکیده انگلیسی مراجعه شود.}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1726-en.html}, eprint = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1726-en.pdf}, journal = {The Neuroscience Journal of Shefaye Khatam}, issn = {2322-1887}, eissn = {2345-4814}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {Mirzaei, Mohammad and ShadmanZahroodi, Hojjat and Mirdoosti, Motahareh and Abbassi, Sar}, title = {P92: Boswellia Serrata Ameliorates Neuro-Inflammation Caused by Periodontitis: A Narrative Review}, abstract ={Neuro-inflammation is the inflammation of nervous tissue due to oxidative stress, aging and autoimmunity and the major cause of Alzheimer's, Parkinson's and Huntington's disease. Periodontitis, the inflammation of the gums and supporting structures of the teeth, is a chronic peripheral immuno-inflammatory condition, affiliated with gram- negative, anaerobic bacteria that cause low-grade systemic inflammation by release of pro-inflammatory cytokines into systemic circulation and activation of microglia; So recent studies advocate for links between neuro-inflammatory diseases and periodontitis; Because neuro-inflammatory diseases begin to develop many years before clinical diagnosis and treating systemic inflammations like periodontitis may have an inhibitory effect on the pathogenesis of neuro-inflammation. Boswellia Serrata, a traditionally used herbal medicine, has anti-inflammatory and antibacterial properties; mainly noticed on Aggegatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, associated with aggressive forms of periodontitis. It can inhibit lipoxygenases, leading to its anti-cancer and anti-inflammation activity and is used to treat asthma and arthritis. Based on previous studies, it has no remarkable side-effects compared to NSAIDs; So it can be a good target for future anti-inflammatory drugs. Neuro-inflammation can be prevented or delayed by treating systemic inflammations like periodontitis. The current procedures for treating periodontitis are not completely efficient and it is important to use alternative and body-friendly, natural treatments. Boswellia Serrata is among natural anti-inflammatory, antibacterial substances which can be used in oral hygiene products, such as toothpaste, mouthwash, dental floss and even chewing gums and drinking water.}, Keywords = {Neuro-Inflammation, Periodontitis, Boswellia Serrata, Oral Health}, volume = {6}, Number = {2}, pages = {123-123}, publisher = {Shefa Neuroscience Research Center}, title_fa = {P92: Boswellia Serrata Ameliorates Neuro-Inflammation Caused by Periodontitis: A Narrative Review}, abstract_fa ={لطفاً به چکیده انگلیسی مراجعه شود.}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1727-en.html}, eprint = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1727-en.pdf}, journal = {The Neuroscience Journal of Shefaye Khatam}, issn = {2322-1887}, eissn = {2345-4814}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {Mirzaei, Mohammad and ShadmanZahroodi, Hojjat and Mirdoosti, Motahareh and Abbassi, Sar}, title = {P93: Coriandrum Sativum Prevents Neuro-Inflammation by Mitigating Periodontitis: A Narrative Review}, abstract ={Neuro-inflammation, biochemical and cellular responses of the nervous system to injury, infection or neurodegenerative diseases, is a major risk factor for Alzheimer's, Parkinson's and Multiple Sclerosis. Periodontitis is a serious bacterial gum infection that damages the soft tissue and teeth supporting bones, causing teeth loss. It also renders systemic inflammation by secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines and microglia activation and subsequently, causes neuro-inflammation. Mechanical removal, systemic anti-infective therapy and local anti-infective therapy are used to treat periodontitis. Based on recent studies, local application of herbal gels has a considerable positive effect on bacterial plaque removing and treating periodontitis. Coriandrum Sativum is a traditionally used medicinal plant. Its extract has tannin that has anti-inflammatory, antibacterial and antioxidant properties and is used in cosmetics. Many studies indicate no remarkable side-effects for this herb, compared to synthetic medicaments. Due to decreasing in anti-oxidative and antibacterial activity of saliva during periodontitis, it is important to applicate such herbs to prevent progression of inflammation. Neuro-inflammatory diseases initiate many years before they can be clinically diagnosed. By treating systemic inflammations like periodontitis, Neuro-inflammation is preventable or can be delayed. Current methods used for treating periodontitis are not completely helpful and studies show better results when herbal medicines are used concomitantly. Coriandrum Sativum is one of these herbs to be used in oral-hygiene products such as toothpaste, mouthwash, dental floss and even chewing gums and drinking water.}, Keywords = {Neuro-Inflammation, Periodontitis, Coriandrum Sativum, Oral Health}, volume = {6}, Number = {2}, pages = {124-124}, publisher = {Shefa Neuroscience Research Center}, title_fa = {P93: Coriandrum Sativum Prevents Neuro-Inflammation by Mitigating Periodontitis: A Narrative Review}, abstract_fa ={لطفاً به چکیده انگلیسی مراجعه شود.}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1728-en.html}, eprint = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1728-en.pdf}, journal = {The Neuroscience Journal of Shefaye Khatam}, issn = {2322-1887}, eissn = {2345-4814}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {Mirzaei, Mohammad and ShadmanZahroodi, Hojjat}, title = {P94: Nigella Sativa Attenuates Neuro-Inflammation by Alleviating Periodontitis}, abstract ={Neuro-inflammation is a reaction to brain injury involving the activation of glial cells and release of inflammatory mediators, such as cytokines and chemokines which has a key role in neuro-degenerative diseases. Periodontitis is a microbiome-related dental inflammation caused by gram- negative bacteria that leads to connective tissue destruction and loss of teeth. Previous studies demonstrated that periodontitis can cause neuro-inflammation by inducing systemic inflammation due to secretion of pro-inflammatory mediators and glial cells' activation. Thus, treating periodontitis can prevent or delay neuro-inflammation. Herbal medicines are alternative targets for future periodontitis drugs, due to their less adverse side effects and more efficacy in comparison to allopathic, synthetic drugs. Nigella Sativa (Black Seeds) is a traditionally used herbal medicine, cultivated in South Europe and Middle Eastern Mediterranean region. The seeds of N. Sativa and its active constituent, Thymoquinone, are proved to have anticancer, antidiabetic, antimicrobial and antioxidant traits. N. Sativa is also claimed to have anti-inflammatory effect, by inhibiting of some inflammatory cytokines. Furthermore, it has showed no remarkable toxicity or adverse side effects in previous studies. Neuro-inflammation can be prevented by treating systemic inflammations such as periodontitis. Suitable administration of herbal medicines in combination with chemotherapeutic drugs may lead to effective treatment of inflammations and preventing drug resistance. Nigella Sativa is one of these herbs that can be used in oral health products, chewing gums and drinking water. In this case, mental health and a high quality of life is guaranteed.  }, Keywords = {Neuro-Inflammation, Periodontitis, Nigella Sativa, Oral Health }, volume = {6}, Number = {2}, pages = {125-125}, publisher = {Shefa Neuroscience Research Center}, title_fa = {P94: Nigella Sativa Attenuates Neuro-Inflammation by Alleviating Periodontitis}, abstract_fa ={لطفاً به چکیده انگلیسی مراجعه شود.}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1519-en.html}, eprint = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1519-en.pdf}, journal = {The Neuroscience Journal of Shefaye Khatam}, issn = {2322-1887}, eissn = {2345-4814}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {Barzegar-Dastgerdi, Fatemeh and Alani, Behrang and Bagheri-Mohammadi, Saeed and Noureddini, Mahdi and Verdi, Javad and Shabani, Mohamm}, title = {P95: Targeting of Microglial M1/M2 Polarization through Stem Cells Therapy as a Promising Candidate in Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI)}, abstract ={Traumatic brain injury is a serious global health problem with irreversible high morbidity and disability and Because of its unknown pathophysiological mechanisms, efficient therapeutic approaches to improve the poor outcome and long-term impairment of behavioral function are still remains lacking. The microglial cells are the resident macrophage cells of the brain and have M1/M2 phenotype, for expression of pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammation cytokines, respectively. The results have been shown that pharmacological inhibiting of M1 phenotype and activating M2 phenotype of microglial cells could relieve cerebral injuries and increase neurological function recovery after Traumatic brain injury. Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSCs), a type of multipotent stem cells, are regarded as promising therapies in several CNS diseases clinical trials. In animal models, transplantation of stimulated MSCs could promote the activation of microglia via transforming the classic M1phenotype into alternative M2 phenotype to inhibits the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines and raise tissue repair after traumatic brain injury(TBI). In this review, we summarized the beneficial effects of MSCs on TBI damaged tissues and their function in regulating the immune system to maintain the CNS. Although, lab trials studies have also confirmed that MSCs are able to promote positive outcomes in TBI models, however, there are still some unanswered questions regarding MSCs-based therapy due to complex ethical and safety bconcerns.}, Keywords = {Microglial Polarization, Mesenchymal Stem Cells Therapy, Traumatic Brain Injury}, volume = {6}, Number = {2}, pages = {126-126}, publisher = {Shefa Neuroscience Research Center}, title_fa = {P95: Targeting of Microglial M1/M2 Polarization through Stem Cells Therapy as a Promising Candidate in Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI)}, abstract_fa ={لطفاً به چکیده انگلیسی مراجعه شود.}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1520-en.html}, eprint = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1520-en.pdf}, journal = {The Neuroscience Journal of Shefaye Khatam}, issn = {2322-1887}, eissn = {2345-4814}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {Hosseini, Zeinab Sadat}, title = {P96: Progress in the Treatment of Alzheimer’s Disease by Gene Therapy}, abstract ={Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a progressive neurological disorder characterized by the aggregation of two proteins, amyloid-b and hyper phosphorylated tau, and by neuronal and synaptic loss. The progress of gene-modified cells and stem cells is a particularly promising therapeutic method for AD. Gene-Modified Cell-Based Therapy for AD prior to transplantation can be beneficial for increasing cell survival and making them more effective. Furthermore, adapted cells could be used for the transfer of factors that can ameliorate neurological complaints. Because of the loss of cholinergic neurotransmitters in AD, some scientists were interested in developing gene-modified cells that can produce acetylcholine (Ach). Primary fibroblast cell line genetically engineered to express choline acetyltransferase to make Ach after transplantation into the hippocampus of rats. Another example for the simplification of gene therapy in AD is the over expression of neprilysine (NEP), an Ab degrading protease that has been exposed to ameliorate extracellular amyloids. Transgenic mice (APP/PS1) injected with lentiviral vector expressing NEP presented a decrease in Ab deposits, and MSCs overexpressing the NEP gene proved the ability to degrade Ab peptides in vitro. Similar results were found in vivo with transgenic mice that were transplanted with primary fibroblasts transfected with a lentivirus carrying NEP. Currently, no treatment has been established that can stop or reverse the development of AD. Though challenges such as immune rejection and cell survivability need to be addressed. The usage of autologous cells from patients for the generation of iPSC or gathering autologous MSCs may circumvent some of these challenges.}, Keywords = {Gene Therapy, Alzheimer’s Disease, Stem Cells}, volume = {6}, Number = {2}, pages = {127-127}, publisher = {Shefa Neuroscience Research Center}, title_fa = {P96: Progress in the Treatment of Alzheimer’s Disease by Gene Therapy}, abstract_fa ={لطفاً به چکیده انگلیسی مراجعه شود.}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1522-en.html}, eprint = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1522-en.pdf}, journal = {The Neuroscience Journal of Shefaye Khatam}, issn = {2322-1887}, eissn = {2345-4814}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {Hosseini, Zeinab Sadat and Arminfar, Samane}, title = {P97: Physical Exercise as an Effective Factor in Alzheimer Disease}, abstract ={Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive disease that destroys memory and other important mental activities. Scientists have found that remaining relatively active can lead to better brain activities in those at risk of developing AD. In some Meta-analyses of prospective investigations, a significantly reduced risk of dementia related to midlife exercise have been proven. Most studies have been performed on animal models about the effects of exercise on brain β-amyloid deposition, showed that the level of amyloid plaques are reducing significantly. In another study about the serum BDNF levels and exercise have recognized major transient increases of circulating BDNF with short-term aerobic exerciseThis information recommend that aerobic exercise is related to a decreased risk of cognitive impairment and dementia. A convergence of data from both human and animal studies proposes that aerobic exercise may reduce development of neurodegenerative processes and age-association loss of synapses. This may occur by a direct effect on neurodegenerative disease procedures or simplification of neuroprotective neurotrophic factors.}, Keywords = {Alzheimer Disease, Aerobic Exercise, Neurodegenerative Diseases}, volume = {6}, Number = {2}, pages = {128-128}, publisher = {Shefa Neuroscience Research Center}, title_fa = {P97: Physical Exercise as an Effective Factor in Alzheimer Disease}, abstract_fa ={لطفاً به چکیده انگلیسی مراجعه شود.}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1524-en.html}, eprint = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1524-en.pdf}, journal = {The Neuroscience Journal of Shefaye Khatam}, issn = {2322-1887}, eissn = {2345-4814}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {Arminfar, Samane}, title = {P98: Vitamin-D Deficiency as a Potential Risk Factor in Multiple Sclerosis}, abstract ={Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a multifactorial disorder caused by the effects of several genes in combination with environmental factors. This disease is characterized by myelin loss, varying degrees of axonal pathology and inflammatory lesions. It is an important cause of disability in young adults, seen to be more prevalent in the woman, and affects 2.5 million people worldwide. Great efforts are being made in identifying the role of Vitamin-D in MS, where Vitamin D deficiency seems to contribute to disease activity and Vitamin-D supplementation investigations have proved this issue. Two significant prospective studies showed a protective effect of Vitamin-D in MS. A case-control study reported that high serum concentrations of 25-hydroxycholecalciferol associated with decreased MS risk. Recent prospective studies confirmed these results and reported that levels of Vitamin-D over 75 nmol/L were related to a decreased MS risk. Numerous observational investigations have consistently proved a relation of low serum levels of Vitamin-D with increased MS risk and supported the results from the prospective studies. Vitamin-D intake was found to relatively decrease the risk of MS in a large prospective study (n= 187,563). Vitamin-D status associated inversely with escalation risk in relapsing-remitting MS and recommended a beneficial outcome on MS disease activity. This effect was also seen in patients on interferon-β therapy, where the lowest rate of new lesions was found in patients with Vitamin-D levels over 100 nmol/L. Whether and how Vitamin-D contributes to the pathophysiology of MS is unknown. Further insight into the role of Vitamin-D, in neuro inflammatory diseases, especially as it relates to the immune system, neuroprotection, and inflammation, will help shed light on the causal pathophysiology of these conditions and may aid the design of better treatment strategies for future.}, Keywords = {Multiple Sclerosis, Vitamin D Deficiency, Neuro Inflammatory Diseases}, volume = {6}, Number = {2}, pages = {129-129}, publisher = {Shefa Neuroscience Research Center}, title_fa = {P98: Vitamin-D Deficiency as a Potential Risk Factor in Multiple Sclerosis}, abstract_fa ={لطفاً به چکیده انگلیسی مراجعه شود.}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1526-en.html}, eprint = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1526-en.pdf}, journal = {The Neuroscience Journal of Shefaye Khatam}, issn = {2322-1887}, eissn = {2345-4814}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {Arminfar, Samane and Hosseini, Zeinab Sadat}, title = {P99: The Role of C- Reactive Protein in Obesity and Neuropathic Diseases}, abstract ={Acute phase C-reactive protein (CRP), raised in obesity and inflammation, is a main binding protein for leptin. It is assumed that CRP contributes to leptin confrontation by preventing leptin from crossing the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Here we defined how CRP cooperates with the BBB and whether it deters leptin from attainment CNS targets. CRP was constant in blood, but did not permeate the BBB in trace quantities. Though, it increased paracellular permeability at an upper dose. CRP did not permeate hCMEC/D3 cells nor change zona occludin-1 or cyclooxygenase-2 expression. Investigations showed that a middle dose of CRP had no outcome on leptin transport across the BBB after co-therapy. Therefore, acute interactions among CRP and leptin at the BBB level were insignificant and did not elucidate the leptin resistance seen in obesity. The interactions of CRP and the BBB increased paracellular permeability at a high dose that permits its entry into the CNS and aids to induce reactive gliosis and damage CNS activity.}, Keywords = {Obesity, C- Reactive Protein, Neuroinflammation Diseases}, volume = {6}, Number = {2}, pages = {130-130}, publisher = {Shefa Neuroscience Research Center}, title_fa = {P99: The Role of C- Reactive Protein in Obesity and Neuropathic Diseases}, abstract_fa ={لطفاً به چکیده انگلیسی مراجعه شود.}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1529-en.html}, eprint = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1529-en.pdf}, journal = {The Neuroscience Journal of Shefaye Khatam}, issn = {2322-1887}, eissn = {2345-4814}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {ShadmanZahroodi, Hojjat and Mirzaei, Mohammad and Mirdoosti, Motahareh and Abbassi, Sar}, title = {P100: A Review of Postoperative Cognitive Dysfunction and Neuroinflammation Processes Induced by Anaesthesia}, abstract ={Although anaesthesia is generally effective, safe and also an indispensable preoperative clinical approach, there is a really growing concern about usage, form of usage and dosage of it. Postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) is one of the common postoperative complications that often affects elderly patients and includes a range of domains, may involve oxidative stress and neuroinflammation. The etiology of POCD has not been known till now, but it was shown that the type of surgery and type of anaesthesia (intravenous vs. volatile anesthetics) don’t have significant effect on the incidence of POCD, and as a multifactorial disorder it’s better to consider factors such as surgery, anaesthesia, in general, also the consequence of them, and patient-related predisposing factors. Also it was shown that the consequent long-term cognitive deficits, as a potentially harmful factor to the human brain, should be avoided. The detailed molecular mechanisms of POSD is also still largely unknown, while the neuroinflammation has been increasingly denoted as one of the core mechanisms for the pathogenesis of POCD. The mast cells-neurovascular unit communication and the inductive effluence of extracellular RNAs on neuroinflammation are some of possible mechanisms. Even though anaesthesia is an essential and generally safe preoperative clinical approach, because the adverse findings on the relation of it with POCD and neuroinflamation, the person that introduces the anaesthetics should be more aware. Because the exact mechanism and the reason of POCD still has not been significantly proved, more research is needed to regulate neuroinflammation and its relationship to cognitive performance.}, Keywords = {Postoperative Cognitive, Neuroinflammation, Anaesthesia}, volume = {6}, Number = {2}, pages = {131-131}, publisher = {Shefa Neuroscience Research Center}, title_fa = {P100: A Review of Postoperative Cognitive Dysfunction and Neuroinflammation Processes Induced by Anaesthesia}, abstract_fa ={لطفاً به چکیده انگلیسی مراجعه شود.}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1532-en.html}, eprint = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1532-en.pdf}, journal = {The Neuroscience Journal of Shefaye Khatam}, issn = {2322-1887}, eissn = {2345-4814}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {ShadmanZahroodi, Hojjat and Mirzaei, Mohammad and Mirdoosti, Motahareh and Abbassi, Sar}, title = {P101: Neuroinflammation and Cognitive Dysfunction as a Side Effect of Abdominal Surgery}, abstract ={One of the most common postoperative complications is Postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD), and it’s usually a geriatric’s disease. Although many studies have done, the exact molecular mechanisms of POCD is still largely unknown; nevertheless, neuroinflammation has been increasingly denoted as one of the core mechanisms for the pathogenesis of POCD. As a hypothesize, surgery-induced neuroinflammation was suggested to mediate POCD and also play an important role in pathobiology of neurodegenerative diseases, stroke, and neuropsychiatric disorders. The abdominal surgery as a different form of disease is symptoms, molecular imparity and area of disorder in the brain attracted lots of attentions. One of the probable mechanisms that shows that explains why abdominal surgery leads to POCD is Mast Cells-Neurovascular Unit Communication. There is a significant communication between the immune system and the central nervous system (CNS). Mast cells, as the first responders in the CNS, can other responses beyond the activation; in addition they can modulate inflammatory processes in initiate, strengthen and prolong multiple CNS pathologies by their secreted mediators; and surgery, generally, induces degranulation of them. Furthermore, surgery can induce neuroinflammatory responses, and pro-inflammatory cytokines, including TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-4 and IL- 6.  Extracellular RNAs that released from necrotic cells, as another candidate, were observed to initiate the inflammatory responses in different pathological conditions and neuroprotective and edema protective effects of ribonuclease was suggested in acute stroke. Evidence indicates that surgery may lead to neuroinflammation and POCD, but because the exact  mechanisms of it is unknown till now, more research is needed to regulate neuroinflammation and its relationship to cognitive performance}, Keywords = {Postoperative Cognitive, Neuroinflammation, Abdominal Surgery}, volume = {6}, Number = {2}, pages = {132-132}, publisher = {Shefa Neuroscience Research Center}, title_fa = {P101: Neuroinflammation and Cognitive Dysfunction as a Side Effect of Abdominal Surgery}, abstract_fa ={لطفاً به چکیده انگلیسی مراجعه شود.}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1534-en.html}, eprint = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1534-en.pdf}, journal = {The Neuroscience Journal of Shefaye Khatam}, issn = {2322-1887}, eissn = {2345-4814}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {Ashrafizadeh, Milad and Ahmadi, Zahr}, title = {P102: The Association of the Anti-GAD Antibodies to the Neurological Conditions}, abstract ={Glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD) is an enzyme which converts the glutamic acid to the neurotransmitter gamma-amino butyric acid (GABA). GABA is an inhibitory neurotransmitter that inhibits or weakens the neuronal stimulations. Presynaptic GABAergic neurons in the central neurons system (CNS) and the cells in the islets of Langerhans in the pancreas generate GAD. There are two isoforms of GAD namely GAD-65 and GAD-67. Antibodies against GAD (anti-GAD-Ab) are related to some neurological conditions that these antibodies usually attack the GAD-65 isoform. Neurological conditions such as stiff-person syndrome, epilepsy, limbic encephalitis and cerebellar ataxia are associated to the antibodies against GAD. Furthermore, those antibodies are synthesized in the IDDM (Insulin-Dependent Diabetes Mellitus). There are various mechanisms for the function of these antibodies in different conditions but they mainly function by inhibiting the postsynaptic transmission in Purkinje cells, creating the neuronal dysfunction and reducing the GABA by GAD destruction that these mechanisms demonstrate the relationship between the neurological conditions and the antibodies against GAD.}, Keywords = {Neurological, Glutamic Acid, Antibodies}, volume = {6}, Number = {2}, pages = {133-133}, publisher = {Shefa Neuroscience Research Center}, title_fa = {P102: The Association of the Anti-GAD Antibodies to the Neurological Conditions}, abstract_fa ={لطفاً به چکیده انگلیسی مراجعه شود.}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1538-en.html}, eprint = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1538-en.pdf}, journal = {The Neuroscience Journal of Shefaye Khatam}, issn = {2322-1887}, eissn = {2345-4814}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {Ashrafizadeh, Milad and Ahmadi, Zahr}, title = {P103: The Association between Antibasal Ganglia Antibodies of Streptococcal Infection and Neurological Conditions}, abstract ={The outbreak of the post-streptococcal neurological disorders related to the antibasal ganglia antibodies is broadening. In addition to the disorders such as chorea and obsessive-compulsive disorder which have been recognized previously, the movement and behavioral abnormalities are the other aspects of post-streptococcal neurological disorders.  Streptococcus is a positive-gram and coccus bacteria which causes disease in human. Antibasal ganglia antibodies (ABGAs) are related to the group A-beta haemolytic streptococcal infections (GABHSs). The neurological conditions such as Tourette syndrome (TS), obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM) are associated to the increased levels of ABGAs that we can use the levels of ABGAs as a marker for recognition the origin of those neurologic conditions. It has been showed that the process of generating neurological conditions by ABGAs is an antibody-mediated process. Furthermore, There are several mechanisms for the function of the AGBAs but the underlying mechanism is that the antigens of streptococcus infections imitate molecularly the basal ganglia so that when the antibodies attack those antigens, in fact the basal ganglia are invaded by those antibodies.}, Keywords = {Antibody, Neurological, Disorder, Ganglia}, volume = {6}, Number = {2}, pages = {134-134}, publisher = {Shefa Neuroscience Research Center}, title_fa = {P103: The Association between Antibasal Ganglia Antibodies of Streptococcal Infection and Neurological Conditions}, abstract_fa ={لطفاً به چکیده انگلیسی مراجعه شود.}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1542-en.html}, eprint = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1542-en.pdf}, journal = {The Neuroscience Journal of Shefaye Khatam}, issn = {2322-1887}, eissn = {2345-4814}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {Moghadam, Maryam and SheidaeMehne, Zahr}, title = {P104: Obesity-Induced Neuroinflammation: Focus on Hypothalamic Inflammation}, abstract ={Obesity is a Health issue around the world. Obesity is not limited to body weight, generally associated with low grade inflammation and with a cluster of disorders generally referred to as "metabolic syndrome". Regarding obesity and relapse, long-term concentration was set on the hypothalamus. Most recently,obesity- Originated neuroinflammation has been shown to affect other brain structures such as the hippocampus,cortex, brainstem, oramygdala. Additionally, obesity is accompanied by an increase in central disturbances such as depression and cognitive impairment. The hypothalamus is a key brain region in the regulation of energy balance. The hypothalamus is a key brain region in regulating energy balance. Especially controls food intake and both energy storage and expenditure through integration of humoral, neural and nutrient-related signals. The hypothalamus cells and glial cells act jointly to orchestrate. We discuss the effects and mechanisms of obesity- originated neuroinflammation, with a specific emphasis on extra-hypothalamic structures, as well as the consequences of neuroinflammation for some cerebral functions. Therefore, the existence of a causal link between hypothalamic inflammation and deregulations of feeding behavior, such as involuntary weight-loss or obesity, has been recommended. Among the inflammatory mediators that could induce deregulations of hypothalamic control of the energy balance, chemokines represent interesting candidates. Chemokines, primarily known for their chemical absorption role of immune cells to the inflamed site, have also been recommended capable of neuromodulation.}, Keywords = {Obesity, Neuroinflammation, Hypothalamus}, volume = {6}, Number = {2}, pages = {135-135}, publisher = {Shefa Neuroscience Research Center}, title_fa = {P104: Obesity-Induced Neuroinflammation: Focus on Hypothalamic Inflammation}, abstract_fa ={لطفاً به چکیده انگلیسی مراجعه شود.}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1735-en.html}, eprint = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1735-en.pdf}, journal = {The Neuroscience Journal of Shefaye Khatam}, issn = {2322-1887}, eissn = {2345-4814}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {Elahifard, Haniye and Ebrahimi, Negar}, title = {P105: Inhibition of Vasculogenic Mimicry in a Three-Dimensional Culture in Glioblastoma}, abstract ={Glioblastoma is one of the most common primary brain tumors (80% of patients) that has a poor prognosis due to malignancy. Glioblastoma has an annual incidence of 5.26 per 100 000 population or 17 000 new diagnoses per year and so as the population aging, the number of patients is expected to increase. There is a growing body of literature investigating the tumor microenvironmental mechanisms which lead to metastasis. It has previously been believed that the tumor ensures its growth through angiogenesis. Recent evidence suggests a new approach for tumor nutrition which is the act of tubulogenesis by tumor cells mimicking endothelial angiogenesis in the condition of hypoxia. This procedure is called vasculogenic mimicry. In addition to searching for oxygen and vital nutrients supporting tumor growth, vasculogenic mimicry can result in metastasis due to tumor cells migration into blood vessels. This approach has been detected in several cancers such as melanoma. In recent years there has been an increasing interest in vasculogenic mimicry, nevertheless there is not sufficient research discussing mentioned mechanism in glioblastoma. The aim of this study is to investigate tumor cells behavior resulting in vasculogenic mimicry in glioblastoma in a three-dimensional culture in order to simulate natural brain environment to get exact and detailed results. Based on recent researches reviewing controlling ways of vasculogenic mimicry in melanoma and other cancers, it is expected to find interrupting mechanisms for tumor nourishment and metastasis through mentioned approach.}, Keywords = {Glioblastoma, Vasculogenic Mimicry, Tubulogenesis, Three-Dimensional Culture }, volume = {6}, Number = {2}, pages = {136-136}, publisher = {Shefa Neuroscience Research Center}, title_fa = {P105: Inhibition of Vasculogenic Mimicry in a Three-Dimensional Culture in Glioblastoma}, abstract_fa ={لطفاً به چکیده انگلیسی مراجعه شود.}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1544-en.html}, eprint = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1544-en.pdf}, journal = {The Neuroscience Journal of Shefaye Khatam}, issn = {2322-1887}, eissn = {2345-4814}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {Nouri, Elham and Esmaeilzadeh, Abdolrez}, title = {P106: Interleukin-1 Beta; A Forgotten Piece of MS Puzzle Target Therapy}, abstract ={Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an inflammatory autoimmune disease which is presented by environmental factors and genetic predisposition, increasingly affecting a large number of people worldwide. CNS inflammation is a local tissue response to stimulants and is characterized by induction of cytokines, chemokines and vascular permeability. Our goal in this study is to understand the micro-environment and immunopathogenesis in neurobiology of MS. A group of cytokines such as Interleukin-1 (IL-1), play an important role in MS pathogenesis. In spite of the fact that IL-1β is a pro-inflammatory cytokine and a mediator responding to inflammation of the nerves, but it’s role in chronic pathophysiologic conditions isn’t well known. IL-1β is mainly secreted from endothelial, T cells, fibroblasts, astrocytes and microglial, meanwhile it is secreted from monocytes, B and T cells as autoimmune mediator in MS patients. So, increment in serum, CSF and CNS lesions level of IL-1β titration in patients is of importance compared with healthy ones. IL-1β is like a sword of two edges, it is secreted from gelial cells in the hypothalamus and activates the neurons, reducing plaque volume. On the other hand, its neuronal excessive expression in MS patients causes severe clinical symptoms, apoptosis of the neurons and the loss of axons and myelin sheath. According to failure in several therapeutics based strategy, MS progression has been remained as a dilemma, leading clinical researchers look for novel agents for target therapy in MS immuonopathogenesis and microenvironment.}, Keywords = {IL-1β, Target Therapy, Multiple Sclerosis, Neuroinflammation}, volume = {6}, Number = {2}, pages = {137-137}, publisher = {Shefa Neuroscience Research Center}, title_fa = {P106: Interleukin-1 Beta; A Forgotten Piece of MS Puzzle Target Therapy}, abstract_fa ={لطفاً به چکیده انگلیسی مراجعه شود.}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1547-en.html}, eprint = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1547-en.pdf}, journal = {The Neuroscience Journal of Shefaye Khatam}, issn = {2322-1887}, eissn = {2345-4814}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {Hajkazemi, Mohammad Javad and Esmaeilzadeh, Abdolrez}, title = {P107: Using Nano Particles as a Novel Application for Alzheimer’s Disease; an Effective Endeavor for Drug Delivery}, abstract ={As the most common cause of dementia among the elderly results in cognitive and ‎behavioral impairment, Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is characterized with aggregation of senile ‎plaques (Beta-amyloid protein), cortical atrophy and ventricular enlargement. Unfortunately, ‎conventional methods like acetyl cholinesterase inhibitor drugs, are not so effective owing to ‎restrictive mechanisms imposed at the blood–brain barrier (BBB), poor solubility, and low ‎bioavailability. So, researchers show a tendency towards using Nano technological methods ‎involving application of nanoscale drug delivery system through polymeric nanoparticles, ‎microemulsion, solid lipid nanoparticles, nanostructured lipid carriers, nanoemulsion, and liquid ‎crystals. As drug delivery agents, Nanoparticles are solid colloidal particles ranging in size from 1 ‎to 1000 nm that mask the BBB limiting characteristics. This system may slow drug release in the ‎brain, decreasing collateral damage and peripheral toxicity. They have high drug loading ‎capacities that is capable of targeting towards the mutagenic proteins of AD. Biodegradable ‎nanoparticles such as PLGA, PLA, chitosan gelatin, polycaprolactone and poly-alkyl-‎cyanoacrylates have been used frequently as drug delivery vehicles due to its grand ‎bioavailability, better encapsulation and less toxic properties. These carriers can deliver drugs that ‎proved to have anti-Alzheimer effect, such as: clioquinol derived from quinoline known to ‎solubilize the A-Beta plaques in vitro and inhibits the A-Beta accumulation in AD transgenic ‎mice in vivo, D-Penicillamine conjugated to NPs seem to reverse the metal-induced precipitation ‎‎(specially Cu2+) and decreases the beta amyloid protein concentration. A robust ‎collaboration between specialists and medical nanotechnology researchers opens promising ‎windows to AD dilemma.‎}, Keywords = {Nano Particles, Alzheimer’s Disease, Drug Delivery}, volume = {6}, Number = {2}, pages = {138-138}, publisher = {Shefa Neuroscience Research Center}, title_fa = {P107: Using Nano Particles as a Novel Application for Alzheimer’s Disease; an Effective Endeavor for Drug Delivery}, abstract_fa ={لطفاً به چکیده انگلیسی مراجعه شود.}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1550-en.html}, eprint = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1550-en.pdf}, journal = {The Neuroscience Journal of Shefaye Khatam}, issn = {2322-1887}, eissn = {2345-4814}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {Ghandy, Nasibeh and SahabNegah, Saj}, title = {P108: Microglia in Traumatic Brain Injury}, abstract ={Microglia is one of the first innate immune components. These cells account about 5 to 10% of the entire adult brain cells and are activated by trauma. Complex-mediated inflammatory responses occur through cellular and molecular events during and after the traumatic brain injury (TBI). In-lesion area astrocytes, microglia, and damaged neurons begin to secrete cytokines and chemokines. Microglia has the potential to polarize the M1-like and M2-like phenotypes. Several studies have been shown that the use of different therapeutic methods effect on the polarization of microglia phenotypes. Intracranial transplantation of human neural stem cells (hNSCs) decreased microglial activity through M2/M1 ratio in the cortical-controlled injury model. This switching of phenotype was associated with an increase in the expression of the anti-inflammatory interleukin-4 receptor α and a decrease in the expression of the proinflammatory interferon-γ receptor β, and ultimately most hNSCs differentiated into neurons. Microglia has proposed as a target cell in the process of treatment after head trauma. Different phenotypes of microglia have different effects on the tissue and brain function. Knowing how microglia works on neurodegenerative and TBI diseases are crucial for determining therapeutic strategies.}, Keywords = {Microglia, Traumatic Brain Injury, Cell Therapy}, volume = {6}, Number = {2}, pages = {139-139}, publisher = {Shefa Neuroscience Research Center}, title_fa = {P108: Microglia in Traumatic Brain Injury}, abstract_fa ={لطفاً به چکیده انگلیسی مراجعه شود.}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1552-en.html}, eprint = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1552-en.pdf}, journal = {The Neuroscience Journal of Shefaye Khatam}, issn = {2322-1887}, eissn = {2345-4814}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {Anushiravani, Majid and Jaber-Zadeh, Zeinab}, title = {P109: Neuroinflammation and Forgotten Dimensions of Persian Medicine: from the Basic Concepts to Biopsychologic Interventions and Their Probable Mechanisms}, abstract ={Based on the teachings of ancient philosopher/physicians in Greece, Persia and Islamic lands inflammation starts with a non-self hot dystemperament which can involve any type of corporeal structures of the body (tissues, primary and secondary fluids, subtle & fine bodies). Such Non-self  hot dystemperaments in neural tissues might happen due to the somatic and/or psychological causes, and seems to have correlations with both the biologic factors especially the original personal temperament, and the life style especially  diet, sleep pattern, and mental-emotional events chiefly continuous anger and grief repression. According to the Persian medicine literature, inflammations in the brain can primarily begin from the brain itself or may originate from other sites of the body especially from gut, liver, spleen, and uterus which all interact with the brain. On the other hand stress-induced neuroinflammations attributed closely to the heart. To assess and judge about this explanatory model for neuroinflammation, one should firstly understand the basic concepts as elucidated in the main works of Persian medicine literature, but practically it is so helpful to know that regarding these basic concepts and teachings, various nutraceutical and pharmaceutical protocols can be designed to subside the neuroinflammations and heal their subsequent events. It seems this ways works through regulating the immune system, anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory actions, improving the hepatic detoxification process, remodeling of extra cellular matrix, improving the psychoneuroimmunologic and psychoneuroendocrine axes, and promoting the bioenergy fields. To discover the new solutions for neuroinflammation it is necessary to merge the teachings of Hikmat-based medicine with modern findings in various fields especially neurosciences, health psychology, and psychosomatic medicine in a systemic convergent approach. Top research ideas derived from the Persian medicine manuscripts can play important roles to find novel scientific perspectives and new therapeutic ways with more efficacy and safety.}, Keywords = {Neuroinflammation, Persian Medicine, Biopsychology, Health Psychology}, volume = {6}, Number = {2}, pages = {140-140}, publisher = {Shefa Neuroscience Research Center}, title_fa = {P109: Neuroinflammation and Forgotten Dimensions of Persian Medicine: from the Basic Concepts to Biopsychologic Interventions and Their Probable Mechanisms}, abstract_fa ={لطفاً به چکیده انگلیسی مراجعه شود.}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1554-en.html}, eprint = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1554-en.pdf}, journal = {The Neuroscience Journal of Shefaye Khatam}, issn = {2322-1887}, eissn = {2345-4814}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {Assadi, Negar}, title = {P110: Nitrous Oxide and Neuroinflammation}, abstract ={Nitrous oxide was an anaesthetic gas that was used for many years. There were many anaesthetic drugs in operations  with many side effects. Nitrous oxide had some side effects too. But it was a safe gas in many times. In hospital personnel who worked in operating rooms exposure to this gas was important. The objective of this study was the introduction of nitrous oxide and neurologic side effects. In the review paper in texts, magazines and guidelines the result was found. The researcher tried to finding new and applicable results for prevention of effects on operating room personnel. The nitrous oxide had neuroinflammation effects and could be caused demyelination of nerves and myeloneuropathy. It had symptoms similar to Vit B12 deficiency. Operating room personnel must be protected from exposure to nitrous oxide with proper ventilation such as scavenging systems in the rooms. The mask of the patient must had not leak. Correct respirator must be recommended for these personnel with specific media cartridge for this gas. Control of nitrous oxide and Vit B12 in the blood was recommended too.}, Keywords = {Nitrous Oxide, Neuroinflammation, Exposure}, volume = {6}, Number = {2}, pages = {141-141}, publisher = {Shefa Neuroscience Research Center}, title_fa = {P110: Nitrous Oxide and Neuroinflammation}, abstract_fa ={لطفاً به چکیده انگلیسی مراجعه شود.}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1557-en.html}, eprint = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1557-en.pdf}, journal = {The Neuroscience Journal of Shefaye Khatam}, issn = {2322-1887}, eissn = {2345-4814}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {GharaeianMorshed, Zahra and Heidarnia, Zinat and Mohammadzadeh, Mohammad and SahabNegah, Saj}, title = {P111: Effect of Human Neural Stem Cells on Neural Hyperactivity in Kindeling Rat Models}, abstract ={The excessive electrical activity of neurons is reported in many diseases including: Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, and Epilepsy. Electrical overactivity in hippocampus accelerates the depletion of neural stem cell (NSC) and impairs the neurogenesis in hippocampus. It is believed that neurogenesis in hippocampus improves the cognitive functions. In this experiment, we use kindled model of rats to represent the hyperactivity of neurons, using the repeated weak excitation of brain structures that progressively increases sensitivity to the same stimulation. At the end, we will compare the NSC group, vehicle group (which get the resolvent of NSCs), and control group by considering their immunohistochemistry and western blotting samples of each group. Cognitive function and neurogenesis in the hippocampus will be evaluated. Our data probably show that the NSCs can improve the function of the hyperactivated brain and can reduce the complications and impairments due to the hyperactivated neural diseases by change in rat's EEG and field potential record.}, Keywords = {Human Neural Stem Cell, Neural Hyperactivity, Kindeling}, volume = {6}, Number = {2}, pages = {142-142}, publisher = {Shefa Neuroscience Research Center}, title_fa = {P111: Effect of Human Neural Stem Cells on Neural Hyperactivity in Kindeling Rat Models}, abstract_fa ={لطفاً به چکیده انگلیسی مراجعه شود.}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1559-en.html}, eprint = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1559-en.pdf}, journal = {The Neuroscience Journal of Shefaye Khatam}, issn = {2322-1887}, eissn = {2345-4814}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {Emrani, Mohammd Ali and SahabNegah, Saj}, title = {P112: Tumour Associated Macrophages and Vasculogenic Mimicry: A New Insight in Glioblastoma Treatment}, abstract ={Glioblastoma is one of the most common brain tumors in adults with poor prognosis, aggressiveness, and treatment resistance. Vasculogenic mimicry (VM) consists of generating vascular-like channels by tumor cells, independent of endothelial angiogenesis. Studies showed in glioblastoma, the proportion of VM to all vascular channels is associated with poor prognosis and higher invasiveness levels. Tumor-associated macrophages (TAM) play a homeostatic role in glioblastoma maintenance and growth by producing immunosuppressive microenvironment and pro-angiogenic factors. In comparison with low-grade glioma, the number of macrophages in glioblastoma is higher in correlating with a tumour vascular density. Up-regulation of VM markers and increased interleukin 6-type (IL-6) production were observed in tumor–macrophage coculture. Although it's indicated that TAM induces VM formation through IL-6, but more studies is needed to clarify the signaling pathways between TAM and VM formation. It can make new insights in glioblastoma treatment in the future}, Keywords = {Vasculogenic Mimicry, Glioblastoma, Macrophage}, volume = {6}, Number = {2}, pages = {143-143}, publisher = {Shefa Neuroscience Research Center}, title_fa = {P112: Tumour Associated Macrophages and Vasculogenic Mimicry: A New Insight in Glioblastoma Treatment}, abstract_fa ={لطفاً به چکیده انگلیسی مراجعه شود.}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1562-en.html}, eprint = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1562-en.pdf}, journal = {The Neuroscience Journal of Shefaye Khatam}, issn = {2322-1887}, eissn = {2345-4814}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {Mirzakhani, Sarvenaz and Fanoudi, Fatemeh}, title = {P113: Inflammation and its Role in Neurological Diseases with an Emphasis on MS}, abstract ={Inflammation is an important factor in the pathophysiology of neurological diseases and the physiological response of the immune system against internal and external harmful stimuli. Inflammation is the natural response of the body to damage, which leads to the removal of debris from dead cells and infections from damage and tissue repair. In this study, neuropathic inflammation and its role in the pathophysiology of neurological diseases, with an emphasis on MS illness, has been studied. The method of doing this research is descriptive. In MS, the cells of the myelin and myelin are damaged, resulting in damage to the lower nervous system, which is called axonal injury. The three main characteristics of MS are inflammation, myalgia, and gliosis (scarring). The result of this study shows that MS has not been treated conclusively until now, and only the current treatments for MS are reducing microbial inflammation and some medications and treatments. Symptoms to improve symptoms and slow the course of the disease. The identification of endogenous nerve stem cells in the central nervous system of the human is a new strategy for the repair of brain damage.}, Keywords = {Inflammation, Neurological Diseases, MS}, volume = {6}, Number = {2}, pages = {144-144}, publisher = {Shefa Neuroscience Research Center}, title_fa = {P113: Inflammation and its Role in Neurological Diseases with an Emphasis on MS}, abstract_fa ={لطفاً به چکیده انگلیسی مراجعه شود.}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1565-en.html}, eprint = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1565-en.pdf}, journal = {The Neuroscience Journal of Shefaye Khatam}, issn = {2322-1887}, eissn = {2345-4814}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {Zeinalzadeh, Afsaneh}, title = {P114: Rehabilitation for Inflammatory Disorder in the Brain}, abstract ={The diversity of neurological sequelae that may occur after an inflammatory disorder in the brain (brain abscess, encephalitis, or meningitis) provides a range of challenges to the rehabilitation team. The therapist must identify the problems underlying the individual’s movement dysfunctions without the template of the cluster of “typical” problems available with some other neurological diagnoses. Each client presents a combination of problems that is unique to that client and that requires the creative design of an intervention program. The following discussion of the therapeutic management of individuals recovering from an inflammatory disorder in the brain focuses on the process of designing an intervention plan to address the specific dysfunctions of the individual client. Because the management of the clinical problems is built on an understanding of the underlying pathological condition and because therapists may not be as familiar with these disease processes, an overview of the inflammatory disorders of the brain is presented.}, Keywords = {Inflammatory Disorder, Brain, Rehabilitation}, volume = {6}, Number = {2}, pages = {145-145}, publisher = {Shefa Neuroscience Research Center}, title_fa = {P114: Rehabilitation for Inflammatory Disorder in the Brain}, abstract_fa ={لطفاً به چکیده انگلیسی مراجعه شود.}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1566-en.html}, eprint = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1566-en.pdf}, journal = {The Neuroscience Journal of Shefaye Khatam}, issn = {2322-1887}, eissn = {2345-4814}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {Parvaneh, Maryam and Hashemian, Farsh}, title = {P115: A Novel High Tech Approach to Monitor the Pharmacotherapy of Alzheimer; a Narrative Review}, abstract ={Alzheimer's disease (AD) is multisystem and multifactor disease with a long no-symptom stage. We propose that a more effective approach to use fMRI as a still emerging, repeatable, non- invasive neuroimaging tools that can be very useful for evaluating, diagnosis, treatment and drugs- development. We studied 30 articles which published between 2008-2017 that included the effects of different biomarkers and tools for diagnosing AD and assessing, improving and detection of Alzheimer's medications. Attractive alternatives to the animal and human experimental modelling approaches are the “multi-scale”, “multi-level” computational modeling approaches to AD drug discovery and therapy. 6 articles were about the animal models while we should try accepting the limitations of animal models and focus more on humanize research. Peer-reviewed publications were identified through search in PubMed, Google scholar and SCI-HUB by using the search terms "fMRI", "Alzheimer", "cognitive side effects", "drug", "pharmacological neuroimaging". The search was limited to articles published in English. Relevant articles were chosen based on clinical experience and the expertise of the authors. FMRI measures hold promise for multiple clinical applications. Generally, models especially pharmacological fMRI showed that drug repositioning is a cost-effective way to develop disease-modifying treatments over shorter timescale and future models should provide a theory of how increasing Ach levels using cholinesterase inhibitors and N-methyl-d-aspartate antagonists (NMDA) impact neural and behavioral processes in AD. Models should also investigate how memantine (NMDA antagonists) can reduce toxicity of beta-amyloids as reported in experimental studies.}, Keywords = {Alzheimer, Drug, FMRI, AD, Pharmacological Neuroimaging}, volume = {6}, Number = {2}, pages = {146-146}, publisher = {Shefa Neuroscience Research Center}, title_fa = {P115: A Novel High Tech Approach to Monitor the Pharmacotherapy of Alzheimer; a Narrative Review}, abstract_fa ={لطفاً به چکیده انگلیسی مراجعه شود.}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1567-en.html}, eprint = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1567-en.pdf}, journal = {The Neuroscience Journal of Shefaye Khatam}, issn = {2322-1887}, eissn = {2345-4814}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {Rezaei, Atiyeh and MemariFard, Parisa and Naji, Tahereh}, title = {P116: The Relationship between Spinal Cord Injury and Neuroinflammation and Treatment Methods}, abstract ={Spinal cord injury (SCI) is usually caused by a physical factor, especially like burst fracture. Its primary phase involves displacement and physical accidents for the spinal cord, which have two factors of depth and speed of impact. In this phase, most damaged cells are oligodendrocytes in white matter. The secondary phase involves a cascade of cellular and molecular events that progresses rapidly and can cause neuroinflammation.in this phase, The leukocytes and microglians that are in injured region, accelerating the development of neuroinflammation by making unknown species of oxygen reactions. Our goal is to investigate the factors that reduce or improve neuroinflammation. Immunoglobulin G can decrease the activity of leukocytes and microglians and rate of neuroinflammation. Also, the use of useful antioxidants can be effective in reducing neuroinflammation. It seems that presence of immunoglobulin G with an antioxidant can reduce the amount of neuroinflammation caused by SCI seriously. For example, research has shown that combination of palmitoylethanolamid (an endogenouse lipid-neuroprotection) and luteolin (anti-oxidant) can reduce neuroinflammation.also,Ethanol is extracted  from black chokeberry (Aronia melanocapa L.) has anti-inflammatory effects. Other studies have also shown that transplantation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMCs) and cerebral dopamine neurotrophic factor can inhibiting the process of neuroinflammation and decearse production of proinflammation.in addition,it can be effective in regenerating and repairing damaged neurons in SCI. Perhaps a combination of stem cell transplantation and antioxidant effects can help to prevent the development of neuroinflammation and regeneration damaged neurons}, Keywords = {Spinal Cord Injury, Neuroinflammation}, volume = {6}, Number = {2}, pages = {147-147}, publisher = {Shefa Neuroscience Research Center}, title_fa = {P116: The Relationship between Spinal Cord Injury and Neuroinflammation and Treatment Methods}, abstract_fa ={لطفاً به چکیده انگلیسی مراجعه شود.}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1570-en.html}, eprint = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1570-en.pdf}, journal = {The Neuroscience Journal of Shefaye Khatam}, issn = {2322-1887}, eissn = {2345-4814}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {Yusefli, Zeynab and Norouzlo, Ali and Mashhadi, Haniye and Puryaghoob, Maryam}, title = {P117: A Study of Prevalence of Primary Headaches in Patients with Multiple Sclerosis}, abstract ={Primary and chronic headaches are one of the most common problems in patients with multiple sclerosis, seen in more than half of them. Despite the fact that pain is not the main symptoms of MS, many of the patients suffer from various types of pain, including a headache. Headache is one of the MS-related pain syndromes. The study is based on the consideration of the prevalence of primary headaches in MS patients. The data from the current study, including the MAGIRAN, SID, and Google Scholar datacenters, were collected from the database, and the related queues were subtracted from the study. Studies have shown that primary headaches in patients with MS can be attributed to disease, side effects of medications, genetic and environmental factors, the presence of MSPP in the upper respiratory tract, age, gender, duration of disease, physical and social function, and complications of the disease, such as depression and anxiety. Migraine is the most frequent primary headache in MS patients and is prevalent among females. MS patients with headache have larger number of sites than MS patients without headaches and MS patients with migraine have had more lesions in the cerebrospinal fluid, cerebellum, frontal and temporal vesicular thalamus. Due to the high prevalence of headache in MS patients, a clinical study is required in all patients, since both headache and MS affects the quality of life and daily functioning of the patients. As a result, simultaneous attention to these two forms can play an important role in medicines prescription and other common therapies of the disease.}, Keywords = {Headache, Multiple Sclerosis, Prevalence}, volume = {6}, Number = {2}, pages = {148-148}, publisher = {Shefa Neuroscience Research Center}, title_fa = {P117: A Study of Prevalence of Primary Headaches in Patients with Multiple Sclerosis}, abstract_fa ={لطفاً به چکیده انگلیسی مراجعه شود.}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1573-en.html}, eprint = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1573-en.pdf}, journal = {The Neuroscience Journal of Shefaye Khatam}, issn = {2322-1887}, eissn = {2345-4814}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {Boroumand, Nadia and Hosseini, Mahmou}, title = {P118: Metformin; A Review to its Anti-Neuroinflammatory Properties}, abstract ={Neuroinflammatory disorders include a wide spectrum of disorders in which immune system injures components of the nervous system. Despite the advances in therapy, lack of efficient curative therapies for these disorders not only affects the quality of life but also places huge burden on the society. These limitations have necessitated therapeutic interventions for developing more efficient regimen. Recently, emerging new therapeutic approaches like targeting underlying pathways offered some respite and drawn much attention. Accordingly, adenosine monophosphate‑activated protein kinase (AMPK), signal transducer and activator of transcription3 (STAT3), P65/NF-κB, mTOR, and PI3K/Akt pathways have been reported to be affected in neuroinflammation, and, thus could be considered as novel molecular targets for therapy. Among the available drugs, metformin has shown a great potential in targeting aforementioned pathways. Studies declared that metformin could suppress neuroinflammation in neurological deficits such as Alzheimer disease, brain injury, and neuropathic pain. Besides, preclinical and clinical studies indicated that metformin not only improves inflammation through affecting metabolic parameters, but also exerts direct anti-inflammatory effects. In this view, metformin could be defined as an available, cost-effective drug with great potency to target multiple signaling pathways in neuroinflammation. However, requiting metformin in clinical stage demands enough knowledge about the mechanisms and pathways involved in its anti-neuroinflammatory activities and comprehensive review of its in-vivo utility. This review discusses the published evidence of anti-neuroinflammatiory properties of metformin and its clinical implication in neuroinflammatiory disorders with the objective of paving the way for further clinical application and better management of diseases}, Keywords = {Neuroinflammation, Metformin, Therapeutic Management, Signaling Pathways}, volume = {6}, Number = {2}, pages = {149-149}, publisher = {Shefa Neuroscience Research Center}, title_fa = {P118: Metformin; A Review to its Anti-Neuroinflammatory Properties}, abstract_fa ={لطفاً به چکیده انگلیسی مراجعه شود.}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1575-en.html}, eprint = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1575-en.pdf}, journal = {The Neuroscience Journal of Shefaye Khatam}, issn = {2322-1887}, eissn = {2345-4814}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {Tasmanian, Sogand and GhorbaniFarmad, Mahnaz}, title = {P119: Animal Models of Epilepsy: The Impact of some Chemoconvalsants on Animal Models}, abstract ={We summarize some of the most frequenthly used rodent animal models of temporal lobe epileps and the impact of chemoconvulsants on them. Temporal lobe epilepsy is the most common epilepsy in humans in which seizures spread to the neighboring cortiase and hippocampal neuron loss and other neuropathological take place. Temporal lobe epilepsy and the other form of epilepsy cannot acquired in chinical studies whit human, as result the use of oppropriate animal models is essential. Rodent must display a similar "chinical history" as the human conterpart including an intial latent period between the injury and the occurrence of spontaneous seizures chronic manifastation of spontaneous seizures and histopatological change deemed characteristic of temporal lobe epilepsy. Chemoconvulsants: 1) Kinic acid: Kinic acid was one of the first compounds used to model temporal lobe epilepsy in rodonts, injecded rodents show recurrent seizures. Kinic acid has the advantage of causing habitually hippocampus -restictes injury. 2) Pilocarpien: In the human halt spontaneous seizures in the pilocarpien model, systemic or intracerebral injection of pilocarpien causes seizures that build up into a limbic. In addition, there are several network and neurochemical similarities between human temporal lobe epilepsy and the pilocarpine model. Pilocarpine wich can also produce lesions in neocaritical area cognitive and memory deficits’ commonly are found in temporal lobe epilepsy patient's, are also present in pilocarpine rats. Chemocanvulsants allow rapid investigation of epileprogenic mechanisms and screening at the expense of high mortality of subject and spontaneous seizures.}, Keywords = {Epileps, Chemocanvulsants, Epileprogenic Mechanisms}, volume = {6}, Number = {2}, pages = {150-150}, publisher = {Shefa Neuroscience Research Center}, title_fa = {P119: Animal Models of Epilepsy: The Impact of some Chemoconvalsants on Animal Models}, abstract_fa ={لطفاً به چکیده انگلیسی مراجعه شود.}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1578-en.html}, eprint = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1578-en.pdf}, journal = {The Neuroscience Journal of Shefaye Khatam}, issn = {2322-1887}, eissn = {2345-4814}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {Behrooznia, Zahra and MahdinejadKashani, Mohsen and MansooriMajoofardi, Sepideh and RahimiKakhki, R}, title = {P120: Efficacy and Safety of Dimethyl Fumarate Treatment in Relapsing-Remitting Multiple Sclerosis}, abstract ={Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic autoimmune disorder of central nervous system. This demyelinating disease affects more than 2.3 million people world wild. Most of patients are young adult. The most common type of MS is relapsing remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS). However there is no cure, available modifying therapies has revolutionized the care of patients with RRMS. Interferon (IFN) beta has been considered as the first line treatment of RRMS. Some reasons including lack of efficacy and safety concern cause to switch to an alternative disease-modifying therapy (DMT). Delayed-release dimethyl fumarate (DMF) has been recently approved as DMT and demonstrated significant efficacy in patients with RRMS. It activates the nuclear factor-related 2 (Nrf2) pathway which cause augmenting the oxidative capacities and reduction of inflammation. This review has focused on elucidating the efficacy and safety of Dimethyl Fumarate for Relapsing-Remitting Multiple Sclerosis. In most studies the relapsing ratio had been decreased for at least 6 months using of DMF. Expanded Disability Status (EDSS) and radiological activity had improved in case group versus placebo in most studies. DMF has significant efficacy in patients with previous IFN treatment. The severe side effect of DMF occur in approximately 5% of patients but in most clinical trials Absolute Lymphocyte count (ALS) were generally stable throughout the observational period. So DMF appeared to be safe and efficient in most clinical trials}, Keywords = {Dimethy Fumarate, Relapsing Remitting Multiple Sclerosis, Safety, Efficacy }, volume = {6}, Number = {2}, pages = {151-151}, publisher = {Shefa Neuroscience Research Center}, title_fa = {P120: Efficacy and Safety of Dimethyl Fumarate Treatment in Relapsing-Remitting Multiple Sclerosis}, abstract_fa ={لطفاً به چکیده انگلیسی مراجعه شود.}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1580-en.html}, eprint = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1580-en.pdf}, journal = {The Neuroscience Journal of Shefaye Khatam}, issn = {2322-1887}, eissn = {2345-4814}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {Behrooznia, Zahra and KashaniLotfAbadi, Masoud and Behrooznia, Somayyeh and Ghaderi, Pouy}, title = {P121: The Effect of Stress on Neuroinflammation in Multiple Sclerosis}, abstract ={Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic autoimmune disorder of central nervous system. This demyelinating disease affects more than 2.3 million people world wild. Most of patients are young adult. There are many possible triggering factors including infections, toxin, immunization, trauma, sunlight exposure and hormonal variable in pathogenesis of MS. One of the important trigger is stress. There are some substantial evidence that indicates stress can precipitate or worsen symptoms and sign of inflammation in general and more specifically in multiple sclerosis. This review has focused on elucidating the effect of stress on neuroinflammation in multiple sclerosis. The mechanism of stress in MS is not completely understood. There are some proposed theories such as secretion of Corticotropin Relapsing Hormone (CRH) and neurotinensin (NT). These inflammatory factors activate microglia and mast cells leading to maturation and activation of T17 autoimmune cells. Disruption of Blood Brain Barrier (BBB) cause T17 cells to enter in to the CNS. Finally brain inflammation will be worsened. The pathway of stress neuroinflammation can be considered as a therapeutic target for M.S patients. Some evidences indicate Glatiramer Acetat, stress management therapy, Diazepam, Alprazolam and CRH antagonists can reduce brain inflammation So the mechanism of stress in pathogenesis of M.S can be novel therapeutic target.}, Keywords = {Stress, Neuroinflammation, Multiple Sclerosis}, volume = {6}, Number = {2}, pages = {152-152}, publisher = {Shefa Neuroscience Research Center}, title_fa = {P121: The Effect of Stress on Neuroinflammation in Multiple Sclerosis}, abstract_fa ={لطفاً به چکیده انگلیسی مراجعه شود.}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1585-en.html}, eprint = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1585-en.pdf}, journal = {The Neuroscience Journal of Shefaye Khatam}, issn = {2322-1887}, eissn = {2345-4814}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {Esmaeilnejad, Saman and MansooriMajoofardi, Sepideh}, title = {P122: Small Molecules as Chemical and Pharmacological Tools for Neuroinflammatory Diseases Treatment (with Emphasis on Multiple Sclerosis)}, abstract ={Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is a neuroinflammatory disease resulting in degeneration of the myelin sheaths and death of oligodendrocytes. So far, several strategies have been introduced to control the disease. Treatment with small molecules is one of the strategies that have recently attracted the attention in the scientific community. These molecules that target epigenetic and other cellular processes offer powerful tools for disease treatment from several ways including modification of cell function by inhibition/activation of specific proteins and also reprogramming somatic cells and manipulating their fate to a desired cell type. This process ultimately leads to demyelination cessation and remyelination stimulation. Studies show that specific small molecules such as Src family kinase inhibitor PP2, and Chir99021 chemically have been effective in modulating disease progression and also its treatment. There are several studies that have reported successful efforts of using these molecules for MS control and treatment. In this article the authors will review recent studies that have been published in this research area. We have searched the PubMed databases comprehensively and accurately to find peer reviewed articles with Small molecule and multiple sclerosis keywords. We studied them carefully and selected the most prestigious and the most recent of them to ensure that all knowledge on this topic is discussed. Also we put meeting abstracts under precise consideration to ensure that all references have been investigated. In this review we emphasized on the great opportunity of using small molecules for MS control and treatment. There are several studies that have used small molecules to inhibit demyelination and induce remyelination that indicates the growing attention to this research area. Nevertheless, there are several challenges in using these cells for treating MS but we hope that efforts of this growing research community will completely solve all the problems and someday this therapeutic approach will take a great step in neuroinflammatory disease treatment.}, Keywords = {Neuroinflammatory, Multiple Sclerosis, Small Molecules}, volume = {6}, Number = {2}, pages = {153-153}, publisher = {Shefa Neuroscience Research Center}, title_fa = {P122: Small Molecules as Chemical and Pharmacological Tools for Neuroinflammatory Diseases Treatment (with Emphasis on Multiple Sclerosis)}, abstract_fa ={لطفاً به چکیده انگلیسی مراجعه شود.}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1586-en.html}, eprint = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1586-en.pdf}, journal = {The Neuroscience Journal of Shefaye Khatam}, issn = {2322-1887}, eissn = {2345-4814}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {Esmaeilnejad, Saman and MansooriMajoofardi, Sepideh}, title = {P123: Stimulating In Vivo Remyelination (IVR): A New Approach for Multiple Sclerosis Treatment}, abstract ={Multiple sclerosis (MS) is one of the most common neuroinflammatory disorders that causes disability in the young adults. In this disease immune-driven demyelination and following that inefficient remyelination occurs. Therapies for this disease are limited, especially those to enhance myelin repair. Cellular reprogramming using defined genetic factors is a way to produce remyelinating Oligodendrocyte Precursor Cells (OPCs). These cells can be differentiated to Oligodendrocytes (OLs) to produce myelin sheets around naked axons. There are some theories indicating this approach has significant risks with respect to abnormal expression and genetic mutations. Therefore, researchers have focused on cell reprogramming by non-viral and non-integrating compounds. Recently, Proteins-mediated in vivo reprogramming and small molecules effective on neural cell reprogramming and transdifferentiation have attracted wide attention in the scientific community. There are several studies that have reported successful efforts of reprogramming neural cells and differentiation of this cells to the desired neural ones including OPCs and eventually OLs. In this article the authors will review recent studies that have been published in this research area. Recently, IVR is attracting attention of translational researchers aiming for medical applications. There are several studies that used IVR approach to induce regeneration in the central nervous system that indicates the growing attention to this research area. Despite challenges ahead, we hope that efforts of this growing research area will solve the problems ahead and some day may apply these therapeutic approach for treatment of MS patients}, Keywords = {IVR, Multiple Sclerosis, OPCs}, volume = {6}, Number = {2}, pages = {154-154}, publisher = {Shefa Neuroscience Research Center}, title_fa = {P123: Stimulating In Vivo Remyelination (IVR): A New Approach for Multiple Sclerosis Treatment}, abstract_fa ={لطفاً به چکیده انگلیسی مراجعه شود.}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1587-en.html}, eprint = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1587-en.pdf}, journal = {The Neuroscience Journal of Shefaye Khatam}, issn = {2322-1887}, eissn = {2345-4814}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {MonazzahHarsini, Somayeh}, title = {P124: Listeriosis in Central Nervous System}, abstract ={Listeriosis is one of the CNS inflammatory diseases which is happened majority in the form of sporadic. Listeriosis is ingested with the food. Infection occurrence in an exposed person depends on the number of organisms ingested, the virulence of the organisms strain and the individual condition. It is known that Listeriosis has decisive importance as an infection which the cellular immunodefense mediated by the T lymphocyte is disturbed. Even patients without previous disease worth indicating may be affected. The attribute of the many CNS manifestations are illustrated via the case histories (meningoencephalitis, acute meningitis, brain abscess, brain stem encephalitis, chronic recidivating encephalitis, meningoencephalitis with infected cerebral infarct). Neurological signs, combined with CSF findings atypical for bacterial CNS disease, must not be taken and may point to listeriosis even though they aren't specific for CNS listeriosis. The conclusive evidence is the proof of the Listeria in the blood or CSF or the proof of antibody titre changes in the serum. New CSF diagnostic procedure like CSF lactate determination and the recognition of IgG-positive B lymphocytes are suitable in differentiating between viral and noninflammatory CNS disease; the most important for consistency are repeation of CSF examinations. The therapy of choice in CNS listeriosis is high-dosage amoxycillin or ampicillin treatment combined with gentamycin. Estimation of chances of the listeriosis in CNS depends on the prior to disease in each case. The high mortality is at least in part due to delayed diagnosis.}, Keywords = {Listeriosis, Nervous System, CNS}, volume = {6}, Number = {2}, pages = {155-155}, publisher = {Shefa Neuroscience Research Center}, title_fa = {P124: Listeriosis in Central Nervous System}, abstract_fa ={لطفاً به چکیده انگلیسی مراجعه شود.}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1590-en.html}, eprint = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1590-en.pdf}, journal = {The Neuroscience Journal of Shefaye Khatam}, issn = {2322-1887}, eissn = {2345-4814}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {Payami, Omolbani}, title = {P125: An Overview of the Effect of Inflammation Induced by Temporal Epilepsy on the Hippocampus and Amygdala Based on Nerve iImaging}, abstract ={Temporal epilepsy is a common neurological disorder that begins before adulthood. Two -way factors in causing epilepsy and continuing attacks can be inflammation that is caused by immune system and infection. The hippocampus and amygdala are part of a limbic system that relies on memory and emotional regulation. The purpose of this study was to review the effect of epileptic-induced inflammation on the hippocampus and amygdala based on neuroimaging. In a vast library search, the keywords "neuropathic inflammation, temporal epilepsy, amp; hippocampus amygdala" were searched for the pedagogical, pedagogical, science and medical sciences databases, as well as Google Scholar in a five-year period. 50 related articles were identified in English, review articles showed that, contrary to the common view that the cause of temporal epilepsy is the onset of the hippocampus, chronic inflammation resulting from trauma and infection can be an important component in epilepsy. In a recent study on animal and human models that were performed through neuronal imaging, a range of hippocampus and amygdala malformations was observed, which significantly explained the poor performance of memory and learning among affected children than peers. Inflammation, as an effective factor in epilepsy, causes specific biochemical changes in the neurotransmitter of TNFX and decreases glutamate and neuronal levels in the cystic gyrus. Given the available evidence, neuroimaging as an inflammatory diagnostic tool can lead to early epilepsy treatment.}, Keywords = {Neuroinflammatory, Temporal Epilepsy, Hippocampus, Amygdala, Neural Imaging}, volume = {6}, Number = {2}, pages = {156-156}, publisher = {Shefa Neuroscience Research Center}, title_fa = {P125: An Overview of the Effect of Inflammation Induced by Temporal Epilepsy on the Hippocampus and Amygdala Based on Nerve iImaging}, abstract_fa ={لطفاً به چکیده انگلیسی مراجعه شود.}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1591-en.html}, eprint = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1591-en.pdf}, journal = {The Neuroscience Journal of Shefaye Khatam}, issn = {2322-1887}, eissn = {2345-4814}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {Saeedi, Nikoo}, title = {P126: Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder and Inflammation}, abstract ={Post traumatic stress disorder, a special disease that also accompanies with histological changes such as inflammation. In this paper we decided to review the relation between PTSD and inflammation. Stressful events causes immune system dysfunction by suppressing natural killer cells and altering levels of cytokines. Also in this condition, cytotoxic T lymphocytes results in under strained pro-inflammatory cytokines (PICs). These pro-inflammatory cytokines play an important role in the disease generating and their overproduction lead to nitric oxide (NO) and reactive oxygen species (ROS). Elevated ROS can cause cell death and tissue damage also there are some special cellular mechanism that intervenes in this process and prevent of cell death, tissue damage, but their exact mechanisms is still unknown. PIC upregulation is due to activation of inflammasome more over than leukocytic responses. Inflammosomes are protein complexes that cooperate with pattern-recognition receptors (PRRs). When inflammosomes activates, it converses pro-caspase 1 into its active form which lead to PIC production and intervenes the inflammatory response. These cytokines can across the blood brain barrier and reach to the central nervous system an activate microglials which causes producing more cytokines and this causes a positive feedback loop. A study which has done to investigate the cytokines which are in common with inflammatory cytokines. In this study, the participants divided into two groups the control and the experiment. Studying their peripheral blood revealed that interleukin 1β, interferon γ were higher than the control group. Tumor necrosis factor α in PTSD patients who did not take any medication, were increased in comparison with the controls. It would be interesting to you to know that interleukin 1β, TNFα and interleukin 6 are also depression cytokines and it would be a reason for accompanying PTSD by depression. It can be concluded that more investigations is needed to detect the histological mechanism of psychological diseases such as PTSD, moreover than its psychological diseases.}, Keywords = {Post Traumatic Stress Disorder, Inflammation, Histological Changes}, volume = {6}, Number = {2}, pages = {157-157}, publisher = {Shefa Neuroscience Research Center}, title_fa = {P126: Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder and Inflammation}, abstract_fa ={لطفاً به چکیده انگلیسی مراجعه شود.}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1592-en.html}, eprint = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1592-en.pdf}, journal = {The Neuroscience Journal of Shefaye Khatam}, issn = {2322-1887}, eissn = {2345-4814}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {Taghavinia, Fatemeh and Salehi, Maryam and Rafat, Fatemeh and Poosti, Akram}, title = {P127: The Role of Genes in ASD}, abstract ={Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a heterogeneous group of neurological disorders that is determined solely by their behavior. In this disease, a large part of the neurological disorder and neural controls disorder are observed. Researchers believe that over expressions changes in many genes are the cause of autism. Our goal is to investigate the genetic factors affecting ASD and its treatment by umbilical cord. Most genes that cause the disease have only little effect on the disease, but in general, their interaction with other known or unknown genes, or some of the environmental factors, determines the ultimate cause for a person who has Autism. Studies shows that copy number variation of the UBE3A gene and over expression of the gene, product E6AP protein is a common cause of autism spectrum disorders (ASDs). During brain development, dendritic growth and remodeling play crucial roles in neuronal connectivity and information integration. Laboratories experiments indicates that overexpression of E6AP in primary neurons in autism mouse brain leads to significant loss of dendritic arborization. This effect is mediated by the ubiquitination of XIAP by E6AP, subsequent activation of caspases, leading to local degeneration and retraction at the tips of dendritic branches. These findings demonstrate dysregulation in neuronal structural stability as a major cellular neuropathology in ASD. For the treatment of autism, using of CD34 (stem cell) of umbilical  cord and MSC is effective.}, Keywords = {ASD, Neurology Disorder, UBE3A}, volume = {6}, Number = {2}, pages = {158-158}, publisher = {Shefa Neuroscience Research Center}, title_fa = {P127: The Role of Genes in ASD}, abstract_fa ={لطفاً به چکیده انگلیسی مراجعه شود.}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1595-en.html}, eprint = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1595-en.pdf}, journal = {The Neuroscience Journal of Shefaye Khatam}, issn = {2322-1887}, eissn = {2345-4814}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {Hashemi, Mehrnoosh and Rezaei, Atiyeh and Naji, Tahereh}, title = {P128: Relationship of Childhood Brain Tumors and Hair Dye Usage During Pregnancy}, abstract ={Brain tumors, which is one of the destructive forms of human being’s cancers, are the second most common children’s cancers. Brain tumors may have an inherited (small percent), acquired reasons due to environmental factors. Nowadays advances in cosmetic industry have increased our ability in the field of youth and beauty. Hair dye products are such innovations. Recent studies showed considerable controversy concerning about the safety of hair dyes (specially looking at risk of brain tumors and cancers). Several studies represent the absorption of toxicant contents of hair-coloring products in sufficient amounts through the scalp. The carcinogen’s removal from hair dyes and appropriate labeling would help reduce the potential risk of brain tumors. The observations showed a widespread use of hair dye which is varies between 66-74% (showing increasing desire of women during pregnancy). Here is a summary of the effect of this increase on brain tumors. Studies have been presented that there was an association between maternal hair dye use and childhood brain tumors (in three of four case studied there was a correlation) and also neuroblastoma risk during childhood period. Even there was an increase in the risk of brain tumors in children of women who start to use hair dyes one month before pregnancy. Finally, it seems the reliability of using hair dye during pregnancy has still been controversial in case of brain tumors cause to the rational approach to recommend avoiding frequent or long use as much as possible.}, Keywords = {Brain Tumors, Childhood, Hair Dyes, Pregnancy }, volume = {6}, Number = {2}, pages = {159-159}, publisher = {Shefa Neuroscience Research Center}, title_fa = {P128: Relationship of Childhood Brain Tumors and Hair Dye Usage During Pregnancy}, abstract_fa ={لطفاً به چکیده انگلیسی مراجعه شود.}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1597-en.html}, eprint = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1597-en.pdf}, journal = {The Neuroscience Journal of Shefaye Khatam}, issn = {2322-1887}, eissn = {2345-4814}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {Ghorbanifar, Zahra and Hashemi, Mehrnoosh}, title = {P129: Use of Stem Cells to Regenerate Degenerative Optic Nerve}, abstract ={Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that have the ability to convert to different types of cells and after dividing, they can produce their own cells or other cells. Axons of the retinal ganglion cells, from the optic nerve. These cells lose the ability to regenerate themselves before birth. Optic nerve degeneration can result from various causes including increased intraocular pressure, compromised vascular supply and physical trauma. There are currently no effective treatment for this disease. Scientists believe that every internal organ of the body has its own stem cells. In the Retina, the stem cells of pigmented epithelium of the eye have been identified which can, to some extent replace the ganglion cells after the optic nerve damage. they are not able to fully repair the nerve. Therefore, researchers are looking for a way to Retinal stem cell transplantation to compensate for defects. There are batches of genes that can convert conventional cells into stem cells using specific genetic agents. These cells called induced pluripotent stem cells (IPSCs). The purpose of this study was to review use of stem cells to regenerate degenerative optic nerve. Stem cell technology is now an important way to treat and replace lost cells. The use of these cells in rats has been successful in the visual acuity damage model. Research has shown that IPSCs can be differentiated into various retinal cells, but whether these cells can functionally replace retinal lost cells, must be further researched.}, Keywords = {Stem Cells, Regenerative Optic Nerve}, volume = {6}, Number = {2}, pages = {160-160}, publisher = {Shefa Neuroscience Research Center}, title_fa = {P129: Use of Stem Cells to Regenerate Degenerative Optic Nerve}, abstract_fa ={لطفاً به چکیده انگلیسی مراجعه شود.}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1601-en.html}, eprint = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1601-en.pdf}, journal = {The Neuroscience Journal of Shefaye Khatam}, issn = {2322-1887}, eissn = {2345-4814}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {Khorsand, Mahdi and Vafaee, Farzaneh}, title = {P130: The Role of Rho-Kinase (ROCK) in Microglia/Macrophage Polarization in Neuroinflammatory Diseases}, abstract ={Macrophage/microglia with heterogonous phenotype and function under physiological and pathological conditions are the main cell lineage involved in inducing immune responses in neuroinflammatory diseases which exhibit combined inflammatory and anti-inflammatory functions. An increase in the expression of iNOS triggers M1 phenotype that secrete high concentrations of inflammatory cytokines, while an elevation in the expression of Arg-1 triggers M2 phenotype which forms anti-inflammatory cytokines. Rho-kinase (ROCK) is a serine/threonine kinase and it expresses in both central nervous system and the periphery. ROCK inhibitors have been reported frequently to decrease the infiltration of leukocyte in some models of inflammation, including ischemic injury; the ROCK inhibitors changes M1 to M2 in neuroinflammatory diseases. Studies have found three possible mechanisms for M2 polarization by ROCK inhibitors, as follows: iNOS inhibition or Arg-1 enhancement, Change in multiple cytokines production lead to M2 activation likewise increased IL-10 proving M1 shift to M2 microglia. The present review aimed to investigate the role of Rho-kinase on M1 and M2 microglia and the effect of Rho-kinase inhibitors in shifting M1/M2 phenotypes which is significantly correlated with the neuroinflammatory diseases. The disease phases and severity might be involved in the microglial phenotype changes. Promising therapeutic purposes can be obtained by understanding the stage-specific switching of M1/M2 phenotypes.}, Keywords = {Rho-Kinase, Neuroinflammatory Diseases, Microglia, Macrophage}, volume = {6}, Number = {2}, pages = {161-161}, publisher = {Shefa Neuroscience Research Center}, title_fa = {P130: The Role of Rho-Kinase (ROCK) in Microglia/Macrophage Polarization in Neuroinflammatory Diseases}, abstract_fa ={لطفاً به چکیده انگلیسی مراجعه شود.}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1603-en.html}, eprint = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1603-en.pdf}, journal = {The Neuroscience Journal of Shefaye Khatam}, issn = {2322-1887}, eissn = {2345-4814}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {Absalan, Fatemeh Sadat and Emrani, Mohammad Ali and SahabNegah, Saj}, title = {P131: Cannabidiol: A Promising Treatment for Intractable Epilepsy}, abstract ={Epilepsy is a chronic disease affects CNS in various ages. WHO estimates 50 million people are suffering from epilepsy worldwide which make it a serious prevalent problem among neurological diseases. Intractable epilepsy (IE) affects about 20-30% of epileptic patients who failed to be seizure - free after antiepileptic drug (AED) consumption. Although many AEDs now are available for epilepsy treatment, discovering new pharmaceutical components is needed to overcome intractable epilepsy. The antiepileptic potential of Cannabis sativa extractions has been recognized from past. Cannabis has many active components, including cannabidiol and ∆9-terahydrocannabinol (THC). Cannabidiol showed anticonvulsant effects in many studies with mild side effects. The mechanism by which Cannabidiol exerts its anticonvulsant properties is still unclear but may include effects on equilibrative nucleoside transporter, orphan G-protein-coupled receptor GPR55, transient receptor potential of vanilloid type-1 channel, 5-HT1a receptor, and α glycine receptors. Also it's demonstrated the cannabinoid CB1 receptor is the primary site of action for cannabinoid-induced effects on the CNS. CB1 receptor Activation damps neurotransmission and produces an overall reduction in neuronal excitability. Not only anticonvulsant effects but also, cannabidiol showed antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, neuro-proliferative and re-myelinating effects in many preclinical and clinical studies. Further studies is needed to clarify the cannabidiol effects on various CNS disorders. It can make ways to introduce new drugs for neurological diseases, including IE.}, Keywords = {Intractable Epilepsy, Cannabidiol, Aticonvulsant}, volume = {6}, Number = {2}, pages = {162-162}, publisher = {Shefa Neuroscience Research Center}, title_fa = {P131: Cannabidiol: A Promising Treatment for Intractable Epilepsy}, abstract_fa ={لطفاً به چکیده انگلیسی مراجعه شود.}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1604-en.html}, eprint = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1604-en.pdf}, journal = {The Neuroscience Journal of Shefaye Khatam}, issn = {2322-1887}, eissn = {2345-4814}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {Habbibirad, Sadra and Kashani, Hoda and Gachpazan, Meysam and Rahimi, Hamid Rez}, title = {P132: Efficacy of Crocin as Anti-Inflammatory Agent in Multiple Sclerosis Patients}, abstract ={Inflammations form an integral part of the innate immunity against pathogenic infections. NF-κB represents a family of inducible transcription factors, which regulates a large array of genes involved in different processes of the immune and inflammatory responses. It is now clear that NF-κB signaling pathway is involved in the regulation of inflammation, contributing to the initiation and development of inflammatory diseases. One of inflammatory disease is multiple sclerosis, which is the CNS generally considered to be an autoimmune disease involving the pathogenic action of CNS-specific CD4+ T cells, particularly Th1 and Th17 cells. Normally, inflammation is beneficial to the host and can be resolved in a timely manner. Saffron in filaments is the dried, dark red stigmata of Crocus sativus L. flowers and it is used as a spice, food colorant, and a drug in medicine. Crocin is the chemical primarily responsible for the color of saffron. In additional to reduce the TNFR1 protein expression, decrease of p-IκB protein levels and thus confirming an early inactivation of NF-κB so it’s useful as anti-inflammatory drugs.}, Keywords = {Crocin, Multiple Sclerosis, NF-κB, TNFR1}, volume = {6}, Number = {2}, pages = {163-163}, publisher = {Shefa Neuroscience Research Center}, title_fa = {P132: Efficacy of Crocin as Anti-Inflammatory Agent in Multiple Sclerosis Patients}, abstract_fa ={لطفاً به چکیده انگلیسی مراجعه شود.}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1607-en.html}, eprint = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1607-en.pdf}, journal = {The Neuroscience Journal of Shefaye Khatam}, issn = {2322-1887}, eissn = {2345-4814}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {Gachpazan, Meysam and Habbibirad, Sadra and Kashani, Hoda and Rahimi, Hamid Rez}, title = {P133: Targeting NF-Κb Signaling Pathway as Potential Therapeutic with Curcumin in Treatment of Multiple Sclerosis}, abstract ={Curcumin is active component of turmeric and isolated from the rhizome of turmeric, a phenolic natural product. One of inflammatory disease is multiple sclerosis, a multifocal chronic autoimmune inflammatory disease of the CNS, which is also known as a perivascular demyelinating disease. Studies have been shown that neuro-inflammation can have both harmful and beneficial effects on the neuronal and glial cells function, transcription factor nuclear factor-kappa B­(NF-κB) has a determinant role in controlling this process. The involvement of NF-κB signaling pathway in multiple sclerosis has been suggested by genome-wide association studies. Selective anti-NF-κB therapeutic strategies could be beneficial for minimizing damages during acute and chronic inflammation. Genes that can be induced by NF-κB signaling include those that encode important molecules such as TNF-α, IL-1, IL-6, SOD, Bcl-2, and inhibitors of apoptosis proteins. Curcumin, have been shown exhibit anti-inflammatory and anti-mutagenic in addition to anti-carcinogenic activity. Downregulation expression of the NF-κB-regulated gene products such as COX-2, TNF, 5-LOX, IL-1, IL-6 and others, inhibition multiple pro-inflammatory pathways.}, Keywords = {Curcumin, NF-κB, MS, CNS}, volume = {6}, Number = {2}, pages = {164-164}, publisher = {Shefa Neuroscience Research Center}, title_fa = {P133: Targeting NF-Κb Signaling Pathway as Potential Therapeutic with Curcumin in Treatment of Multiple Sclerosis}, abstract_fa ={لطفاً به چکیده انگلیسی مراجعه شود.}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1613-en.html}, eprint = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1613-en.pdf}, journal = {The Neuroscience Journal of Shefaye Khatam}, issn = {2322-1887}, eissn = {2345-4814}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {Javdani, Moosa and BarzegarBafrouei, Abolfazl and Soleimaninejadian, Ehsan and NafarSefidDashti, Maryam and SadeghiSefidDashti, Marzieh}, title = {P134: Central Nervous System and Blood Biomarker in Stroke, CNS Bleeding, Epilepsy, and Traumatic CNS Injury; MicroRNAs}, abstract ={A Central nervous system (CNS) hemorrhage is bleeding in or around the brain and spinal cord. Reasons of CNS hemorrhage include high blood pressure, cancers, drug abuse, abnormally weak blood vessels that leakage, and trauma. Regression of CNS bleeding was confirmed to be relatively repetitive in patients with severe FV, FX, FVII and FXIII deficiencies. Generally in CNS hemorrhage, radiological evaluations are necessary, for example a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan or computed tomography (CT) scan. The MRI or CT scan highlight different features and location of CNS bleeding. Several patterns of MicroRNA (miRNA) expression occur in blood and CNS 24 h after CNS hemorrhage, kainite seizures, brain ischemia, and even surgeries. A number of miRNAs were considerably regulated more than 1.5-fold in blood and brain after each CNS damage. Several miRNAs were down regulated or upregulated in both CNS and blood after a given damage; and a few miRNAs, containing mir-155, mir-362- 3p, miR-298, etc, were down regulated or upregulated in both CNS and blood after several variety damages. The ‘cell cycle’ was among the top-ranked roles for miRNA regulated in both CNS and blood, and for mRNAs and miRNAs that changed in CNS and blood one day after injury. The miRNAs induced in blood related to the ‘cell cycle’ may relate to the blood inflammatory response and the proliferation of white blood cells (WBCs) to acute CNS injury. Cell cycle re-entry in neurons has been confirmed in a lot of CNS diseases, including stroke, CNS bleeding, epilepsy, and traumatic CNS injury.}, Keywords = {CNS Hemorrhage, MicroRNAs, Blood }, volume = {6}, Number = {2}, pages = {165-165}, publisher = {Shefa Neuroscience Research Center}, title_fa = {P134: Central Nervous System and Blood Biomarker in Stroke, CNS Bleeding, Epilepsy, and Traumatic CNS Injury; MicroRNAs}, abstract_fa ={لطفاً به چکیده انگلیسی مراجعه شود.}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1614-en.html}, eprint = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1614-en.pdf}, journal = {The Neuroscience Journal of Shefaye Khatam}, issn = {2322-1887}, eissn = {2345-4814}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {MansooriMajoofardi, Sepideh and MahdinejadKashani, Mohsen and Esmaeilnejad, Sam}, title = {P135: The Role of Amyloid Beta-Peptides and Tau Protein in Alzheimer\'s Disease}, abstract ={Alzheimer's desease is the most common age-related neurodegenerative disorder, and cognitive problems such as defects in learning and memory are of its symptoms.  Among the factors involved in the pathogenesis of the disease are biochemical disorders in protein production, oxidative stress, decreased acetylcholine secretion and inflammation of the brain tissue. Extra-neuronal accumulation of Beta-amyloid and hyperphosphorylated Tau neurofibrils degredate the dendrites and destroy the synapses, which ultimately results in memory loss in Alzheimer's patients. Amyloid Beta is an important molecule in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease, which progressively accumulates in the mitochondrial matrix and directly associated with the mitochondrial toxicity, which leads to the production of ROS and the oxidative stress that result in the neural dysfunction and eventualy the death of neurons. Beta-amyloid fibrils as plaque activate the microgelia, which results in the release of inflammatory cytokines and destruction of neurons. One of the most important effects of beta-amyloid is the damage to synaptic activity and inhibition of stimulant synapses, which in fact causes disruption in the the learning and memory system. It seems that the production of abnormal forms of Beta-amyloid peptides and Tau proteins is one of the main causes of Alzheimer's disease and observing the amyloid plaques in the cortex and the hippocampus in the early stages of the disease and their spread to other areas of the brain at the higher stages are the warnings for this disease. Therefore, it is possible to delay its progress to the debilitating stages by modulating the Beta-amyloid level and preventing the formation of abnormal forms of peptide chains. This review study aimed to investigate the role of Beta-amyloid peptides in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease.}, Keywords = {Alzheimer Disease‚ Amyloid Beta-Peptide‚ Tau Proteins }, volume = {6}, Number = {2}, pages = {166-166}, publisher = {Shefa Neuroscience Research Center}, title_fa = {P135: The Role of Amyloid Beta-Peptides and Tau Protein in Alzheimer\'s Disease}, abstract_fa ={لطفاً به چکیده انگلیسی مراجعه شود.}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1615-en.html}, eprint = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1615-en.pdf}, journal = {The Neuroscience Journal of Shefaye Khatam}, issn = {2322-1887}, eissn = {2345-4814}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {MansooriMajoofardi, Sepideh and Esmaeilnejad, Saman and Behrooznia, Zahra and SheidaeMehne, Zahr}, title = {P136: The Role of Th1 Lymphocytes in the Pathogenesis of Multiple Sclerosis (MS)}, abstract ={Th1 lymphocytes produce cytokines such as IL-2, IFN-γ, and TNF-α, TNF-β and GM-CSF and play an important role in the increase of delaying sensitivity and defense against intracellular pathogens. IFN-γ is the most important Th1 cell cytokine that induces the production of IgG, activation of macrophages,enhancing phagocytosis, and also increasing MHC class I and class II molecules. Increasing serum level of Th1 cytokines have also been observed in MS patients. Studies have also shown an increase in the serum level of IFN-γ in mice with EAE. It has also been proven that in humans, exacerbation of MS disease is often accompanied by the increase of myelin-specific Th1 cells in the CSF and according to pathological observations, in thrombolytic plaques, the accumulation of Th1 cells and the production of IFN-γ is directly linked to the demyelination process, which also proves the pathogenicity of Th1 cells. Moreover, the treatment of multiple sclerosis with IFN-γ increases the severity of the disease; while treatment with an anti-IFN-γ antibody improves the disease. Th1 cells cytokines activate macrophages, and activated macrophages cause damage to myelin and subsequently oligodendrocytes and can also produce other inflammatory cytokines that can exacerbate tissue damage. Macrophages and activated microglia cells secrete a number of cytokines such as IL-1, IL-6, IL-12, IL-23 and TNF-α, that high concentrations of these cytokines may damage the oligodendrocytes and neurons. According to studies, Th1 lymphocytes seem to play an important role in immuno-pathological reactions in MS. Preventing the entry of Th1 cells into the CNS, differentiation of native T-cell into Th1 cells,  and also activation of Th1 cells, and in the other hand targeting cytokines secreted from Th1 cells or their receptors can significantly reduce the process of demyelination in MS. This review study aimed to investigate the role of Th1 Lymphocytes in the Pathogenesis of Multiple Sclerosis.}, Keywords = {Multiple Sclerosis‚Th1 Lymphocyte‚ IFN-γ ‚Macrophage}, volume = {6}, Number = {2}, pages = {167-167}, publisher = {Shefa Neuroscience Research Center}, title_fa = {P136: The Role of Th1 Lymphocytes in the Pathogenesis of Multiple Sclerosis (MS)}, abstract_fa ={لطفاً به چکیده انگلیسی مراجعه شود.}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1616-en.html}, eprint = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1616-en.pdf}, journal = {The Neuroscience Journal of Shefaye Khatam}, issn = {2322-1887}, eissn = {2345-4814}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {MansooriMajoofardi, Sepideh and Esmaeilnejad, Saman and Behrooznia, Zahr}, title = {P137: Stem Cell Therapy in Alzheimer’s Disease}, abstract ={Alzheimer disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative brain disorder which plays an important role in neural cell destruction and as a result it causes memory loss in the patients. This disease is also the most common type of dementia which doesn’t completely respond to medical treatments so no certain cure is available. Recent studies show the advantages of using stem cells (SCs) in treatment of AD. This cells has been used in animal models of AD and they have been effective in control and also treating AD symptoms in this animals. Embryonic stem cells, mesenchymal stem cells, and neural stem cells are the most common SCs that have been used in AD treatment. This cells could be transplanted to the animal body intravenously and locally. There is a hypothesis that the transplanted cells probably stimulate neurogenesis damaged pats of Alzheimer's patient brains that causes improvements in patient’s cognitive functions. Another hypothesis says that this cells divide into neuronal precursor cells, neurons and glia in damaged areas and integrate into the brain circuits. SCs also could be used as a carriers for effective therapeutic compounds including Neprilysin, Plasmin and Cathepsin B which will reduce the Beta-amyloids in mice brains. With the advancements of the technology of SCs and the ability of transforming SCs to different types of neurons of central nervous system, many successes in AD treatment are foreseeable. There are a huge number of researchers who try to delay the disease progression and also regenerate the damaged neural cells by this cells. Despite challenges ahead, we hope that efforts of this growing research area will solve the problems ahead and some day may apply these therapeutic approach for treatment of AD.}, Keywords = {Alzheimer Disease, Stem Cell, Neurodegenerative Disease}, volume = {6}, Number = {2}, pages = {168-168}, publisher = {Shefa Neuroscience Research Center}, title_fa = {P137: Stem Cell Therapy in Alzheimer’s Disease}, abstract_fa ={لطفاً به چکیده انگلیسی مراجعه شود.}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1617-en.html}, eprint = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1617-en.pdf}, journal = {The Neuroscience Journal of Shefaye Khatam}, issn = {2322-1887}, eissn = {2345-4814}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {Isazadeh, Mahdi}, title = {P138: Effect of Exercise on Improvement of Patients with Multiple Sclerosis}, abstract ={Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is a prevalent neurological and non-traumatic disease which is most common in young and adult women. Multiple Sclerosis is a disabling disease can affect various aspects of life. Studies have reported that complement and alternative treatments can have positive effects on people with MS. Exercise presents an important behavioral approach for counteracting the declines in CNS structure and associated function among people with multiple sclerosis. Aerobic exercise improves walking ability in people with multiple sclerosis and increases neurological recovery and neurotrophin in nonhuman animals. Non-aerobic exercise has no effect on the memory of people with MS, but aerobic exercise can be utilized as a behavioral approach to improving the memory of people with MS. Purpose of this review was to study the effects of exercise on the improvement of patients with multiple sclerosis. According to the results, it seems that exercise in a variety of ways (aquatic exercise, aerobic exercise, non-aerobic exercise,…) can have positive effects on people with multiple sclerosis and we can use an exercise plan as a complementary treatment for multiple sclerosis patients in clinical therapies.}, Keywords = {Multiple Sclerosis, Exercise, Aerobic, Training}, volume = {6}, Number = {2}, pages = {169-169}, publisher = {Shefa Neuroscience Research Center}, title_fa = {P138: Effect of Exercise on Improvement of Patients with Multiple Sclerosis}, abstract_fa ={لطفاً به چکیده انگلیسی مراجعه شود.}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1618-en.html}, eprint = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1618-en.pdf}, journal = {The Neuroscience Journal of Shefaye Khatam}, issn = {2322-1887}, eissn = {2345-4814}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {}, title = {P139: Effect of Paeonia Lactiflora Root Extract on Epilepsy}, abstract ={Epilepsy is a complex neurological disorder that affects around 1%of the world’s population.it affects the neural cells of the CA1 and CA3 regions of the brain's hippocampus that causes behavioral disorders. The use of medicinal herbs for the treatment of epilepsy has long been common, but these effectors have been less successful. According to glutamate theory, the cause of epilepsy is the accumulation of glutamate produced from GABA metabolism in the extracellular domain and consequently the inability of the GLT-1 protein in the transfer of glutamate and as a result of impaired function of the nerve. During epileptic seizures, the amount of glutamate in the cell increases. The experiments show that the albiflorin in this extract can be enhanced by inhibiting serotonin and norepinephrine absorption. Purpose of this study is checking the effect of the root extract of Paeonia lactiflora on epilepsy. Albiflorin and pentagalloylglucose can increase the flow of calcium from the gap junction of astrocytes, producing some ATP to the extracellular space, and the activity of the neurons at the same time increases the attack. Long-term exposure to Paeoniflorin can also prevent cell proliferation by increasing the expression of the A20 gene. As a result, the plant can be effective in preventing or reducing the severity of attacks.}, Keywords = {Epilepsy, Albiflorin, Glutamate, Paeonia Lactiflora}, volume = {6}, Number = {2}, pages = {170-170}, publisher = {Shefa Neuroscience Research Center}, title_fa = {P139: Effect of Paeonia Lactiflora Root Extract on Epilepsy}, abstract_fa ={لطفاً به چکیده انگلیسی مراجعه شود.}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1620-en.html}, eprint = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1620-en.pdf}, journal = {The Neuroscience Journal of Shefaye Khatam}, issn = {2322-1887}, eissn = {2345-4814}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {ZarehRafie, Maryam and Esmaeilzadeh, Abdolrez}, title = {P140: The Roles of Micro RNA in Multiple Sclerosis Disease}, abstract ={As one of the most common neurological disabilities in young adults, Multiple sclerosis (MS) has characteristics of inflammation, demyelination, neuro-axonal damage, and progressive prolonged disability. The disease is clinically divided into three general categories according to response to treatment: Relapsing-Remitting MS (RRMS), Primary Progressive MS (PPMS) and Secondary Progressive MS (SPMS). So, focus of clinical researches has been concentrated on some molecular based strategies such as microRNAs (miR). They are small non-coding RNAs with post transcriptional gene expression function that are located inside exosomes, and could play a role in prognosis, assessment of response to treatment or even estimation of aptitude for disease in healthy patients. Hence, it is hoped that they can be used for timely diagnosis, type of the disease determination, and the risk of future illness. Although clinical examination, imaging, CSF laboratory assessment and electrophysiology are measured out for MS dilemma, there are currently no definitive tests for MS evaluation. Serum miRNAs have been identified as powerful biomarkers, not only detect MS patients from healthy controls, but accurately also detect RRMS from progressive forms of the disease. Indeed, the dysregulation of exosomal miRNA in MS patients and their different expression in different subtypes of the disease, has led to their diagnostic features. miR- 370-3P, miR-432-5P were clearly distinguished between the two different groups (RMMS and PPMS clinical subdivisions). miRNAs could greatly improve early detection and determination of disease categories, as well as the conversion of RRMS to SPMS.}, Keywords = {Capplication, MicroRNA, Multiple Sclerosis}, volume = {6}, Number = {2}, pages = {171-171}, publisher = {Shefa Neuroscience Research Center}, title_fa = {P140: The Roles of Micro RNA in Multiple Sclerosis Disease}, abstract_fa ={لطفاً به چکیده انگلیسی مراجعه شود.}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1623-en.html}, eprint = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1623-en.pdf}, journal = {The Neuroscience Journal of Shefaye Khatam}, issn = {2322-1887}, eissn = {2345-4814}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {Nabavi, Elham and Emrani, Mohammad Ali}, title = {P141: The Role of Microglia in Cortical Spreading Depression in Migraine}, abstract ={Migraine is a disorder that afflicts nearly one tenth of the population. Involving both nervous and vascular system, it has been found as a prominent factor of disability. The migraine attacks may be initiated in the brainstem or may begin peripherally in the meninges while the role of cortical activation preceding an attack is also debated. Although available treatments, more studies on migraine pathogenesis is needed to introduce more effective treatments. Microglia realized to have a central role in innate immunity within the central nervous system, by generating inflammatory responses. They develop from myeloerythroid progenitor cells in the yolk sac to make a colony of tissue macrophages in the brain. In patients suffering from migraine with aura, cortical spreading depression (CSD) waves are caused by increased neurological activity, that spread slowly across the cortical surface at a certain rate, leading to transient loss of signaling capabilities. This can happen due to different factors like increasing neuro-transmitter production, such as glutamate, which boosts NMDA activity resulting in an ionic imbalance. Following this, as an immune response, the microglia cells increase the intensity of the wave by giving inflammatory responses through producing substances, like alpha-TNF, and this in turn may lead to induction of CSD. Microglia plays an important role in CSD cyclic pattern in migraine pathogenesis, by producing inflammatory factors. Further studies should be planned to clarify signaling cascades between microglia and CSD for making new therapeutic procedures in migraine treatment.}, Keywords = {Migraine, Microglia, Cortical Spreading Depression}, volume = {6}, Number = {2}, pages = {172-172}, publisher = {Shefa Neuroscience Research Center}, title_fa = {P141: The Role of Microglia in Cortical Spreading Depression in Migraine}, abstract_fa ={لطفاً به چکیده انگلیسی مراجعه شود.}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1625-en.html}, eprint = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1625-en.pdf}, journal = {The Neuroscience Journal of Shefaye Khatam}, issn = {2322-1887}, eissn = {2345-4814}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {Nourbakhsh, Fahimeh and Barangi, Samira and Nourbakhsh, Vajiheh and Yazdanpanah, Afsaneh and Tajbakhsh, Elaheh}, title = {P142: Inflammation or Neurodegeneration: Which one has Remarkable Role in Multiple Sclerosis?}, abstract ={Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is a complex disease resulting from the occurrence of intermingled episodes of neuroinflammation and degeneration. However, this concept has recently challenged by several observations suggesting that in this disease neurodegeneration might occur independently of inflammation. The evidence that active neurodegeneration in MS is invariably associated with inflammation is provided. The attack of myelin starts inflammatory processes, which triggers other immune cells and the release of soluble factors like cytokines and antibodies. Further breakdown of the blood–brain barrier in turn causes a number of other damaging effects such as swelling, activation of macrophages, more activation of cytokines and other destructive proteins. Inflammation can potentially reduce transmission of information between neurons in at least three ways. The soluble factors released might stop neurotransmission by intact neurons. These factors could lead to or enhance the loss of myelin, or they may cause the axon to break down completely. Neuroinflammation could also found in deep gray matter with pathological and clinical relevance. Therefore, control of inflammation with anti-inflammatory therapies must take into account as one of the main purposes of MS treatment parallel with other immunomodulatory and immunosuppressive treatments. Future therapeutic options for this disease discussed based on recent knowledge of the mechanisms of inflammation and neurodegeneration.}, Keywords = {Inflammation, Neurodegeneration, Multiple Sclerosis}, volume = {6}, Number = {2}, pages = {173-173}, publisher = {Shefa Neuroscience Research Center}, title_fa = {P142: Inflammation or Neurodegeneration: Which one has Remarkable Role in Multiple Sclerosis?}, abstract_fa ={لطفاً به چکیده انگلیسی مراجعه شود.}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1629-en.html}, eprint = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1629-en.pdf}, journal = {The Neuroscience Journal of Shefaye Khatam}, issn = {2322-1887}, eissn = {2345-4814}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {Shahnazi, Raziyeh and Siahposht-Khachaki, Ali}, title = {P143: The Neuroprotective Effect of Chloroquine in Animal Model of Traumatic Brain Injury}, abstract ={Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in young adults and children, and is a leading public health problem worldwide. In TBI, neurological impairment is caused by immediate brain tissue disruption (primary injury) and post‑injury cellular and molecular events (secondary injury) that exacerbate the primary neurological insult. However, the destructive molecular events that follow TBI evolve over several days, and therefore there is a window of opportunity during which therapeutic strategies may improve outcome. The antimalarial drug, chloroquine (CQ), has been reported as an autophagy inhibitor in a variety of disorders, including Alzheimer's disease and brain ischemia. To the best of our knowledge, no studies to date have examined the potential for CQ to provide neuroprotection in animal models of traumatic brain injury (TBI). Chloroquine (CQ) has long been used in the treatment and prevention of malaria, and less commonly has been employed in the treatment of autoimmune diseases, due to its immunosuppressive properties. In summary, this study demonstrated that neuronal autophagy was inhibited by post‑injury treatment of CQ in a rat model of TBI. Furthermore, CQ attenuates secondary brain edema and improves cognitive functioning. These findings emphasize that CQ administered immediately following injury, could be neuroprotective against the damaging consequences of TBI, and we anticipate that this study has shed light on the potential use of CQ as a neuroprotective agent in the treatment of cerebral injuries.}, Keywords = {Chloroquine, TBI, Neuroprotective, Rat }, volume = {6}, Number = {2}, pages = {174-174}, publisher = {Shefa Neuroscience Research Center}, title_fa = {P143: The Neuroprotective Effect of Chloroquine in Animal Model of Traumatic Brain Injury}, abstract_fa ={لطفاً به چکیده انگلیسی مراجعه شود.}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1632-en.html}, eprint = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1632-en.pdf}, journal = {The Neuroscience Journal of Shefaye Khatam}, issn = {2322-1887}, eissn = {2345-4814}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {Alijani, Mohammadreza and Javdani, Moosa and RahimiJunqani, Rasool}, title = {P144: Therapeutic Application of Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Spinal Cord Injury Treatment}, abstract ={Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a neurologic disorder that have a significant impact on quality of life, life expectancy, and economic burden. SCI leads to irreversible neuronal loss and ultimately leads to paralysis. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are a promising source for cellular therapy because they have possessed the capacity of self-renewal and differentiation to several distinct mesenchymal lineages. Mesenchymal stem cells can be derived from a diverse range of tissues but bone marrow, umbilical cord blood, adipose tissue and peripheral blood are the major sources of MSCs. MSCs can reduce inflammatory responses, and cell death following the mechanical trauma. Mesenchymal stem cells are suitable for reducing and minimizing many pathophysiological consequences of SCI. When MSCs are injected at injury site, they secrete a variety of cytokines and growth factors, such as neurotrophic factors, insulin-like growth factor (IGF), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), fibroblast growth factor (FGF-2), and transforming growth factor (TGF). In addition, MSCs increase serum interleukin IL-10 and decrease tumor necrosis factor (TNF). T cells change from pro-inflammatory Th1 cells to anti-inflammatory Th2 cells in the presence of MSCs. Nowadays MSC is novel therapeutic approach in the treatment of spinal cord injury. This promising approach to the treatment of SCI in its nascent stages is facing several challenges. However, further research is needed to better understand of the mechanism of action and the behavior of stem cells in lesion after transplantation to determine the most effective pathway and the best time frame for post-traumatic application.}, Keywords = {Spinal Cord Injury, Mesenchymal Stem Cells}, volume = {6}, Number = {2}, pages = {175-175}, publisher = {Shefa Neuroscience Research Center}, title_fa = {P144: Therapeutic Application of Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Spinal Cord Injury Treatment}, abstract_fa ={لطفاً به چکیده انگلیسی مراجعه شود.}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1634-en.html}, eprint = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1634-en.pdf}, journal = {The Neuroscience Journal of Shefaye Khatam}, issn = {2322-1887}, eissn = {2345-4814}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {Abtahi, Reza and Javdani, Moosa and Alijani, Mohammadreza and RahimiJunqani, Rasool}, title = {P145: Vitamins Level Change in Spinal Cord Injury}, abstract ={Spinal cord injury (SCI) is damage to the spinal cord that leads to sudden loss of motor and autonomic function and sensory under the level of the injury. Studies showed that individuals with SCI has a clear tendency to vitamins level change. The aim of this study was to review the vitamins level in spinal cord injury. Vitamins C level decrease in the injured spinal cord patient. Vitamins C have major antioxidant functions and play certain roles in the secondary injury response to the direct initial spinal cord injury. Vitamin D insufficiency is common in SCI individuals owing to the presence of many contributing factors including limited sun exposure and intake, use of medication and endocrine perturbations. Vitamin E has major antioxidant functions and this vitamin deficiency was shown in persons with SCI. Vitamin B complex helps to alleviate degeneration in the nervous system and vitamin B1 (thiamine), vitamin B6 (pyridoxine) in combination with vitamin B12 are clinically administered. These vitamins levels have varied with progression of spinal cord injury. Vitamin B12 level in the injured spinal cord have been shown decreasing. Although, effectiveness of oral vitamin B12 treatment has not yet been confirmed in persons with SCI. It is recommended that physicians consider vitamins deficiency in their patients with SCI, particularly in those with neurologic and/or psychiatric symptoms. These symptoms may be reversible if treatment is initiated early.}, Keywords = {Spinal Cord Injuries, Vitamin, Deficiency}, volume = {6}, Number = {2}, pages = {176-176}, publisher = {Shefa Neuroscience Research Center}, title_fa = {P145: Vitamins Level Change in Spinal Cord Injury}, abstract_fa ={لطفاً به چکیده انگلیسی مراجعه شود.}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1637-en.html}, eprint = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1637-en.pdf}, journal = {The Neuroscience Journal of Shefaye Khatam}, issn = {2322-1887}, eissn = {2345-4814}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {Lajmiri, Ehsan and RahimiJunqani, Rasool and Javdani, Moosa and Alijani, Mohammadrez}, title = {P146: Role of Essential Trace Elements in Parkinson’s Disease}, abstract ={Parkinson’s Disease (PD) is a chronic, progressive, neurodegenerative disorder with motor and non-motor signs and symptoms. PD is caused by idiopathic degeneration of dopamine-producing cells in the substantia nigra, located in the midbrain. Recently, Trace elements have been recognized to play an important role in the development of Parkinson’s disease (PD). The aim of this review was to assess the role of essential trace elements in Parkinson’s disease. Serum zinc and copper have been found did not differ between the PD patients and control group. Its suggested that serum levels of zinc and copper do not play any role as risk factors for PD. Selenium is an important trace element which works as an anti-oxidant substance. Studies suggest that Selenium could be involved in the pathophysiology of PD and that the mineral, if used in appropriate doses, could protect against this disease. Iron and cadmium has been suspected to contribute to PD because they are known to promote oxidative damage. Studies showed that in PD patients Fe concentrations were significantly increased. It’s have been found that the serum zinc levels were associated with the risk of Parkinson's disease, and low serum zinc levels may be an important risk factor for PD. the parkinsonism and other neurological effects can be resulting from chronic Mn exposure. This study highlights the implication of essential trace elements in Parkinson disease and provide us with the knowledge how the mineral effect on PD.}, Keywords = {Parkinson’s Disease, Trace Elements, Brain}, volume = {6}, Number = {2}, pages = {177-177}, publisher = {Shefa Neuroscience Research Center}, title_fa = {P146: Role of Essential Trace Elements in Parkinson’s Disease}, abstract_fa ={لطفاً به چکیده انگلیسی مراجعه شود.}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1639-en.html}, eprint = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1639-en.pdf}, journal = {The Neuroscience Journal of Shefaye Khatam}, issn = {2322-1887}, eissn = {2345-4814}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {ShadmanZahroodi, Hojjat and Mirzaei, Mohammad and Mirdoosti, Motahareh and Abbassi, Sar}, title = {P147: Postoperative Cognitive Dysfunction and Neuroinflammation Associated with Cardiac Surgery}, abstract ={One of the incapacitating postoperative morbidities that was seen in all types of surgery is Postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD). The elder patients and also cardiac surgery patients (CSPs) are at particular risk. Additionally it was shown that the severity, extension of impairment and the incidence rate of POCD is more in CSPs. POCD is a dementia-like symptoms disorder is characterized by symptoms such as memory impairment, loss of concentration, an inability to plan, and difficulty to switch between tasks. In the CSPs not only the impairment of spatial memory like other kinds of surgery can occur, but also spatial learning and object recognition impair can be observed. Several mechanisms have been suggested for this disorder. Many of studies show the neuroinflammation process involvement. Some possible mechanisms that lead to neuroinflammation are postoperative increase in systemic and hippocampal pro-inflammatory cytokines and macrogelial  and mast calls activation. In mast cells neurovascular unit communication, Mast cells, as the first responders in the CNS, can initiate, strengthen and prolong other responses upon activation. Also they can modulate inflammatory processes in multiple CNS pathologies by their secreted mediators. Also the association between cardio-pulmonary bypass (CBP) and microembolism with POCD and relationship between anesthesia and POCD have remained unknown. It was proved that all types of surgery may lead to neuroinflammation and POCD, especially cardiac surgery. Several probable mechanisms and also the relation between CBP and anesthesia with POCD was discussed, but because they are still unknown more study is needed.}, Keywords = {Postoperative Cognitive, Neuroinflammation, Cardiac Surgery}, volume = {6}, Number = {2}, pages = {178-178}, publisher = {Shefa Neuroscience Research Center}, title_fa = {P147: Postoperative Cognitive Dysfunction and Neuroinflammation Associated with Cardiac Surgery}, abstract_fa ={لطفاً به چکیده انگلیسی مراجعه شود.}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1641-en.html}, eprint = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1641-en.pdf}, journal = {The Neuroscience Journal of Shefaye Khatam}, issn = {2322-1887}, eissn = {2345-4814}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {Emrani, Erf}, title = {P148: Facial Nerve Paralysis Secondary to Odontogenic Infection}, abstract ={Peripheral facial nerve paralysis is the most common form of motor cranial neuropathy. Several factors can cause Bell’s palsy such as vascular ischemia, intracranial lesions, iatrogenic damage, etc. Treatment relies on diagnosing the causing factor, varying from steroids to surgical techniques. Since there has been but few reports of facial nerve paralysis caused by dental infection, odontogenic factors may easily be neglected leading to an incorrect diagnosis and inappropriate treatment. Facial nerve paralysis with a dental origin needs further studies not only to determine different causes (such as: impacted molar teeth infection, post surgical infection of extracting impacted molars, root canal treatment, etc.) but also to best manage the situation using a specific treatment protocol.}, Keywords = {Bell’s Palsy, Odontogenic Infection, Facial Paralysis}, volume = {6}, Number = {2}, pages = {179-179}, publisher = {Shefa Neuroscience Research Center}, title_fa = {P148: Facial Nerve Paralysis Secondary to Odontogenic Infection}, abstract_fa ={لطفاً به چکیده انگلیسی مراجعه شود.}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1642-en.html}, eprint = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1642-en.pdf}, journal = {The Neuroscience Journal of Shefaye Khatam}, issn = {2322-1887}, eissn = {2345-4814}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {Rahimi, Marzieh and Hosseini, Zeinab Sadat}, title = {P149: Statin and Vitamin D as a Prophylactic Medication for Migraine}, abstract ={Migraine is a primary headache disorder that is characterized by severe headaches and impairment of autonomic nervous system function. This neurovascular disorder ranks as the eighth cause of disability in the world. Migraine is basically an inflammation problem caused by activation of the trigeminal neurovascular complex. Neuropeptides like serotonin, calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) and NO that release from trigeminal fibers cause neurogenic inflammation. Migraine patients usually use abortive drugs for interrupting attacks and prophylactic drugs for preventing. Anticonvulsants, beta blockers, and tricyclic antidepressants are commonly used as prophylactic medications. Although their effects have been proven, they have significant side effects. Therefore, trying to discover new drugs is required. Statin and vitamin D have immunomodulatory effects and also are effective in reducing pain. Statin that is known to be a cholesterol-lowering agent also have cholesterol-dependent effects. Many of these pleiotropic effects are probably applied by inhibiting of isoprenoids which are involved in intracellular signaling pathways. Statin with improving endothelial dysfunction can reduce the risk of vascular disease in these individuals. Regarding vitamin D status, statin has different effects on migraine. This way in people with higher levels of vitamin D is significantly linked to lower prevalence of migraine. Vitamin D supplements can reduce inflammatory factors but there is no evidence that there is a relationship between vitamin D deficiency and migraine. According to the studies reviewed, this way is effective in reducing the period of migraine, the dose of abortive drugs and duration of taking them. No serious side effects have been observed for this medication. Therefore, statin and vitamin D due to their anti-immunomodulatory effect can be studied as a prophylactic treatment for migraine.}, Keywords = {Migraine, Inflammation, Statin, Vitamin D, Prophylaxis, Immunomodulation}, volume = {6}, Number = {2}, pages = {180-180}, publisher = {Shefa Neuroscience Research Center}, title_fa = {P149: Statin and Vitamin D as a Prophylactic Medication for Migraine}, abstract_fa ={لطفاً به چکیده انگلیسی مراجعه شود.}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1643-en.html}, eprint = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1643-en.pdf}, journal = {The Neuroscience Journal of Shefaye Khatam}, issn = {2322-1887}, eissn = {2345-4814}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {Rahimi, Marzieh and Hosseini, Zeinab Sadat}, title = {P150: The Effect of Periodontitis on Migraine Chronification}, abstract ={Migraine is a neurovascular disorder that is characterized by unilateral, pulsatile headaches. Migraine due to its individual and social effects is known as a major cause of disability in the world. The main complication of this disease is chronification that is known as chronic migraine (CM). It seems that several factors contribute to migraine chronification such as age, female gender, obesity and depression. Periodontitis (PD) is a common progressive inflammatory disease in the adult population that can cause destruction of surrounding connective tissue and increased loss of alveolar bones. During PD that occurs as a result of interaction between periodontal pathogen and host response, some factors such as interleukin-1 (IL-1), IL-6, C-reactive protein (CRP), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) which are produced locally are systemically distributed. This chronic inflammatory condition can be associated with overexpression of neurogenic biomarkers such as calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), substance P (SP), neurokinin A (NKA) in CM. Hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, insulin resistance, stroke and coronary artery disease are a number of comorbidities that are associated with CM and PD. On the other hand, adipocytokines (e.g., leptin) have important role in various physiologic processes such as endothelial function, immune response and inflammation. Several studies have shown that some of them are involved in CM. High level of leptin not only contribute to pathophysiology of migraine, but also its chronicity through systemic inflammation. Chronic increasing in leptin concentration in patients with PD can worsen the inflammatory process of migraine. In conclusion, PD through increased endothelial dysfunction, systemic inflammation and trigeminovascular system activation could be involved in process of migraine chronification. Besides that, the altered concentration of adipocytokines may be a biomarker of CM which can be considered as a new therapeutic role for migraine. Although PD is mitigated as a potential factor for CM more evidence is needed to examine the effect of periodontal treatment on CM.}, Keywords = {Chronic Migraine, Periodontitis, Inflammation, Adipocytokines}, volume = {6}, Number = {2}, pages = {181-181}, publisher = {Shefa Neuroscience Research Center}, title_fa = {P150: The Effect of Periodontitis on Migraine Chronification}, abstract_fa ={لطفاً به چکیده انگلیسی مراجعه شود.}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1646-en.html}, eprint = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1646-en.pdf}, journal = {The Neuroscience Journal of Shefaye Khatam}, issn = {2322-1887}, eissn = {2345-4814}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {Marefati, Narges and Khamse, Safoura and Nazari, Somayeh and Hosseini, Mahmou}, title = {P151: The Effects of Boswellia Serrate on Central Nervous System}, abstract ={In the process of neuronal inflammation, an increased in inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α) from immune cells (leukocytes and macrophages), brain cells (microglia, astrocytes and neurons) and in hippocampus, amygdala occurs. Raise the level of cytokines result in reduced in production of molecules that are related to plasticity, especially BDNF, IGF-1 and VEGF. Microglia activation lead to suppression of neurogenesis, differentiation of NPCs, decrease in long-term potentiation (LTP) and induction of learning and memory impairment. Also, the phenomenon of nerve inflammation with an increase in the level of TNFα cause inhibition of astrocytes in the removal of glutamate and led to neuronal death. Elevated in TNFα level result in increased activity of the iNOS enzyme that is available in astrocytes in the CA1 hippocampus and it is responsible for increase in oxidant molecules and depression of LTP. Furthermore, the increase in inflammatory reaction mediators result in subsequent neurotoxic consequences. Indeed, inflammatory factors deliberate as a predisposing agent for neurodegenerative disease. Boswellia serrate from Burseracea family, it's resin (Frankincense or Ollibanum) and the main constituent of this resin (boswellic acid) play important role in suppression of neuronal inflammation with inhibition of 5-lipoxygenase, Prostaglandin E2 formation and expression of inflammatory cytokines and chemokines. Boswellia serrate and its derivatives with anti-inflammatory properties have therapeutic effects on memory retention, decrease in brain edema, facilitation in nerve impulse, improve the pathogenesis of neuroinflammatory disease like Alzheimer's disease.}, Keywords = {Neuroinflammation, Boswellia Serrate, Frankincense, Ollibanum, Boswellic Acid }, volume = {6}, Number = {2}, pages = {182-182}, publisher = {Shefa Neuroscience Research Center}, title_fa = {P151: The Effects of Boswellia Serrate on Central Nervous System}, abstract_fa ={لطفاً به چکیده انگلیسی مراجعه شود.}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1648-en.html}, eprint = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1648-en.pdf}, journal = {The Neuroscience Journal of Shefaye Khatam}, issn = {2322-1887}, eissn = {2345-4814}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {Nazari, Somayeh and Marefati, Narges and Hosseinzadeh, Hossei}, title = {P152: Neurotoxicants and Mechanisms Neurodegenerative in Acrylamide}, abstract ={Many chemicals with broad industrial, pharmaceutical and agricultural application produce a neurotoxic syndrome in humans and experimental animals involving weight loss, skeletal muscle weakness and ataxia. Neurotoxicity is defined as a structural change or a functional alteration of the nervous system resulting from exposure to a chemical, biological or physical agent. Neurotoxicity including Neuronopathia, Axonopathia and myelopathies. The causes of Neuropathies Are Doxorubicin, Methyl Mercury. Axonopathies causes of Gamma-Diketones, β′-Iminodipropionitrile, Acrylamide and Myelopathies causes of Hexachlorophene Tellurium, Lead. Acrylamide (ACR) as a chemical industry is a poison in foods prepared at high temperatures and is the most important neurotoxic agent. Humans that workers in factories are more susceptible for peripheral neuropathies of these toxic agent at high doses. The first symptoms are observed in Pacinian corpuscles, muscle spindles and the nerve terminal. These side effects is result from additions of neurofilaments at the nerve terminal. Developing of Para nodal swellings, cause myelin withdrawal. In additional, Acrylamide lead to sensory axonopathy, Axonal degeneration and peripheral neuropathy. In study mention that, mild ataxia, typical ataxia and hind limb weakness were appeared with 10 mg/kg and 20 mg/kg respectively. The GAP-43 protein marker, is tested for assess of neuronal function that is related to hippocampal neuronal growth, promoting axonal elongation and retaining axonal morphology. Also GAP-43 protein may modulate the transmission of neural signals because of extensively distribution at the axonal terminate. ACR exposure cause inhibition of expression of GAP-43, so may result in disturbance in axonal growth, synaptic terminal vesicles, mitochondria, synaptic inhibition and eventually, terminate the retrograde and anterograde axonal transport. In more recent studies were suggested that ACR, even in its low-dose, can lead to neurological symptoms and nerve terminal degeneration like axonopathy.}, Keywords = {Acrylamide, Neurotoxicity, Axonopathy}, volume = {6}, Number = {2}, pages = {183-183}, publisher = {Shefa Neuroscience Research Center}, title_fa = {P152: Neurotoxicants and Mechanisms Neurodegenerative in Acrylamide}, abstract_fa ={لطفاً به چکیده انگلیسی مراجعه شود.}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1650-en.html}, eprint = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1650-en.pdf}, journal = {The Neuroscience Journal of Shefaye Khatam}, issn = {2322-1887}, eissn = {2345-4814}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {Mehri, Ali and Heidari, Amirhossein and Vakilzadeh, Mohammad Moein and PasbanBovanlo, Sara and Gorji, Ali and SahabNegah, Saj}, title = {P153: Evaluating the Effect of Lactobacillus Acidophilus Probiotic Supplementation on Sensory-Motor Recovery After a Traumatic Brain Injury}, abstract ={Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a common cause of death which affects millions of people around the world. TBI is also associated with various neurological impairments. After the primary mechanical injury at the moment of a TBI event, several cellular and molecular processes are activated within the brain tissue as the secondary injury. An important mechanism involved in the secondary injury of TBI is Neuroinflammation. Therefore, neuroinflammation offers a promising avenue for therapeutic intervention with the aim of preventing progressive neurodegeneration and improving the neurological recovery after TBI. A number of studies have shown the efficacy of probiotics in modulating inflammatory responses; however, it is still unclear if probiotics have the ability to regulate neuroinflammation, and more research is needed to determine the effect of probiotics on neuroinflammation and neurological recovery. If proven beneficial, probiotics offer a non-invasive, safe and cheap therapy for regulating post-TBI neuroinflammation. Multiple studies have demonstrated the ability of probiotics in decreasing inflammatory cytokines while also increasing the anti-inflammatory cytokines. Therefore, we hypothesize that using probiotics after TBI may have the capacity to modulate neuroinflammatory response and as a result, improve the neurological recovery.}, Keywords = {Neuroinflammation, Probiotics, Traumatic Brain Injury, TBI, Sensory-Motor Recovery}, volume = {6}, Number = {2}, pages = {184-184}, publisher = {Shefa Neuroscience Research Center}, title_fa = {P153: Evaluating the Effect of Lactobacillus Acidophilus Probiotic Supplementation on Sensory-Motor Recovery After a Traumatic Brain Injury}, abstract_fa ={لطفاً به چکیده انگلیسی مراجعه شود.}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1656-en.html}, eprint = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1656-en.pdf}, journal = {The Neuroscience Journal of Shefaye Khatam}, issn = {2322-1887}, eissn = {2345-4814}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {Estiri, Mohse}, title = {P154: Role of Exosomes as Novel Biomarkers in Diagnosis and Prognosis of Glioblastoma}, abstract ={Glioblastoma multiform(GBM) is the most prevalent primary brain tumor. Exosomes are extracellular vehicles for exchanging information between various cell types including cancer and normal cells. Exosomes are indicative of pathophysiological conditions of brain tumors that could be used in diagnosis and prognosis of GBM. In tumors, exosomes could carry various molecules like several miRNAs and proteins from host cells to recipient cells leading to development of tumor. Exosomes can be isolated from blood serum in different manners. One way is using antibodies against exosomal markers. What makes the exosomes "ideal" biomarkers for clinical diagnosis and prognosis is that exosomal miRNAs and proteins are protected from RNases and proteases respectively, thus can be stably detected in circulating serum. For instance, it has been shown that the upregulated miRNA-326 and miRNA-130a, and downregulated miRNA-323 and miRNA-329 could be associated with long overall survival in GBM patients. Also it is found that circulating miRNA-128 and miRNA-342-3p were positively correlated with histopathological grades of GBM. Moreover, it is indicated that miRNA-24 could be an oncogene and be used as diagnostic biomarker. On the other hand, Serum exosomes from patients with brain tumors possess EGFR, EGFRvIII, TGF-beta, and Tetraspanins which are potentially useful in diagnosis of GBM. There are few studies in term of using exosomes as tumor biomarkers but we claim that the most important advantage of exosomes is their potential to be used as biomarkers for clinical diagnosis and prognosis. Further studies are needed to prove this concept and make it operative in clinics.}, Keywords = {Glioblastoma Multiform, Exosomes, Micrornas, Diagnosis, Prognosis}, volume = {6}, Number = {2}, pages = {185-185}, publisher = {Shefa Neuroscience Research Center}, title_fa = {P154: Role of Exosomes as Novel Biomarkers in Diagnosis and Prognosis of Glioblastoma}, abstract_fa ={لطفاً به چکیده انگلیسی مراجعه شود.}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1658-en.html}, eprint = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1658-en.pdf}, journal = {The Neuroscience Journal of Shefaye Khatam}, issn = {2322-1887}, eissn = {2345-4814}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {Abbasi, Sara and Mirdoosti, Motahareh and ShadmanZahroodi, Hojjat and Mirzaei, Mohamm}, title = {P155: The Role of Vegan Diet in Epilepsy}, abstract ={Food habits have a serious role in the emergence of the diseases and inflammation that causes many kinds of diseases. Some case-control studies concluded that high animal fat and cholesterol in diet is associated with some neuroinflammatory diseases such as Parkinson and Alzheimer. High level of cholesterol and lipopolysaccharides(LPS) include the peripheral inflammation in the body. There is evidence that activation of immune and inflammatory processes occurs in a variety of epilepsies. Also, there are animal trials that show peripheral inflammation can cause the NeuroInflammation and oxidative stress and in this condition, activation of microglial cells and producing inflammatory cytokines have an important role in epileptic disorders. LPS-induced Peripheral inflammation evokes NeuroInflammation in the hippocampus and increases the seizure susceptibility. On the other hand, studies show the vegetarianism can obviously reduce the level of inflammation. level of inflammation by the anti-inflammatory effect of vegan diet and some eastern diets which decrease peripheral inflammation and consequently mitigate the neuro inflammation and neuropathy, the main causes of epileptic disorders. It seems vegan diet or diets with a low level of LPS or animal fat can be a reducing factor in epilepsy seizers.}, Keywords = {Epilepsy, Vegan Diet, Inflammation, Neuro Inflammation}, volume = {6}, Number = {2}, pages = {186-186}, publisher = {Shefa Neuroscience Research Center}, title_fa = {P155: The Role of Vegan Diet in Epilepsy}, abstract_fa ={لطفاً به چکیده انگلیسی مراجعه شود.}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1659-en.html}, eprint = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1659-en.pdf}, journal = {The Neuroscience Journal of Shefaye Khatam}, issn = {2322-1887}, eissn = {2345-4814}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {Abbasi, Sara and Mirdoosti, Motahareh and ShadmanZahroodi, Hojjat and Mirzaei, Mohamm}, title = {P156: Effect of Air Pollution on Alzheimer\'s Disease}, abstract ={Alzheimer, a chronic neurodegenerative disease, usually starts slowly and worsens gradually. It causes 60% to 70% of dementia cases. Difficulty in remembering recent events (short-term memory loss) is the most prominent early symptom. As the disease progresses, patients may have problems such as impaired language, disorientation (including easily getting lost), mood swings, loss of motivation, not managing self-care, and behavioral issues. The potential damaging effect of air pollution on the central nervous system is also investigated and there's mounting evidence of a link between air pollution exposure and neurodegenerative pathologies, especially Alzheimer's disease. Air pollution is thought to increase the risk of neurological diseases by developing neuro-inflammation, oxidative stress, glial activation and cerebrovascular damage. In animal models, contaminated particles can activate microglial cells and increase the secretion of IL-6, IL-1b, and TNF-a, leading to neuro-inflammation. Also, exposure to complex mixtures of air pollutants produces inflammation in the upper and lower respiratory tract and causes systemic inflammation; As a result, neuro-inflammation and neuropathology then lead to Alzheimer. In polluted regions, we expect a higher level of systemic inflammation, prefrontal white matter hyper-intensities, and hallmarks of Alzheimer.}, Keywords = {Air Pollution, Neuro Inflammation, Neuropathology, Alzheimer`S Disease}, volume = {6}, Number = {2}, pages = {187-187}, publisher = {Shefa Neuroscience Research Center}, title_fa = {P156: Effect of Air Pollution on Alzheimer\'s Disease}, abstract_fa ={لطفاً به چکیده انگلیسی مراجعه شود.}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1662-en.html}, eprint = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1662-en.pdf}, journal = {The Neuroscience Journal of Shefaye Khatam}, issn = {2322-1887}, eissn = {2345-4814}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {Akbari, Mahdieh and Sagheb, Zahra and Haddadian, Maral}, title = {P157: Periostin Recruits Tumor Associated Macrophages in Glioblastoma Multiform}, abstract ={Glioblastoma multiform (GBM) is the most common and lethal type of primary brain tumors with high rates of morbidity and mortality. Treatment options are limited and ineffective in most of the cases. Epidemiological studies have shown a link between inflammation and glioma genesis.  In addition, at the molecular level, pro-inflammatory cytokines released from activated microglia can increase proliferation of Glioma stem cells (GSCs) and migration of these cells to the inflamed area. GSCs increase tumor progression and decrease survival with several different mechanisms. One of the genes expressed in GSCs is POSTN. The product of this gene is a matricellular protein named periostin which has a critical role in carcinoma metastasis. This protein is up regulated in glioblastoma. A common feature of GBMs is abundant macrophage infiltration. Tumor-associated macrophages (TAM) have been shown to promote cancer cell proliferation, neo-vascularization and interfere with the anti-tumor functions of other immune cells. TAM density correlates with POSTN levels in human GBMs. POSTN causes an increase in cancer cell proliferation, invasion, TAM recruitment, and angiogenesis. As a result, it can be said that POSTN gene expression promotes GBM progression and it is possible to improve GBM by targeting POSTN gene.}, Keywords = {Glioblastoma Multiform, Inflammation, Glioma Stem Cells, POSTN, Tumor Associated Macrophages}, volume = {6}, Number = {2}, pages = {188-188}, publisher = {Shefa Neuroscience Research Center}, title_fa = {P157: Periostin Recruits Tumor Associated Macrophages in Glioblastoma Multiform}, abstract_fa ={لطفاً به چکیده انگلیسی مراجعه شود.}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1664-en.html}, eprint = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1664-en.pdf}, journal = {The Neuroscience Journal of Shefaye Khatam}, issn = {2322-1887}, eissn = {2345-4814}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {Barzegar-Dastgerdi, Fatemeh and Alani, Behrang and Bagheri-Mohammadi, Saeed and Noureddini, Mahdi and Verdi, Javad and Shabani, Mohamm}, title = {P158: Targeting of Microglial M1/M2 Polarization Through Stem Cells Therapy as A Promising Candidate in Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI)}, abstract ={Traumatic brain injury is a serious global health problem with irreversible high morbidity and disability and Because of its unknown pathophysiological mechanisms, efficient therapeutic approaches to improve the poor outcome and long-term impairment of behavioral function are still remains lacking. The microglial cells are the resident macrophage cells of the brain and have M1/M2 phenotype, for expression of pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammation cytokines, respectively. The results have been shown that pharmacological inhibiting of M1 phenotype and activating M2 phenotype of microglial cells could relieve cerebral injuries and increase neurological function recovery after Traumatic brain injury. Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSCs), a type of multipotent stem cells, are regarded as promising therapies in several CNS diseases clinical trials. In animal models, transplantation of stimulated MSCs could promote the activation of microglia via transforming the classic M1phenotype into alternative M2 phenotype to inhibits the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines and raise tissue repair after traumatic brain injury (TBI). In this review, we summarized the beneficial effects of MSCs on TBI damaged tissues and their function in regulating the immune system to maintain the CNS. Although, lab trials studies have also confirmed that MSCs are able to promote positive outcomes in TBI models, however, there are still some unanswered questions regarding MSCs-based therapy due to complex ethical and safety concerns.}, Keywords = {Microglial Polarization, Mesenchymal Stem Cells Therapy, Traumatic Brain Injury }, volume = {6}, Number = {2}, pages = {189-189}, publisher = {Shefa Neuroscience Research Center}, title_fa = {P158: Targeting of Microglial M1/M2 Polarization Through Stem Cells Therapy as A Promising Candidate in Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI)}, abstract_fa ={لطفاً به چکیده انگلیسی مراجعه شود.}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1668-en.html}, eprint = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1668-en.pdf}, journal = {The Neuroscience Journal of Shefaye Khatam}, issn = {2322-1887}, eissn = {2345-4814}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {Pourreza, Alirez}, title = {P159: New Findings in The Diagnosis of Autoimmune Diseases of the Nervous System}, abstract ={The antibody of the nervous system is called antibodies that the body makes to the nervous system cells. These antibodies are also very diverse based on the complexity and diversity of the nervous system, and therefore their detection is also associated with particular challenges. Generally, autoimmune diseases are on the rise. The diagnostic techniques for autoimmune diseases are also in progress, many of the neurological diseases previously classified as idiopathic are now in the autoimmune category. The laboratory has a special role to diagnosis of autoimmune nervous system. There is an important needs for the training of physicians, medical students, and authorities of the medical diagnostic laboratories to identify the pathways for the diagnosis of autoantibody in the nervous system. The antibody of the nervous system is divided into two general categories. Intracellular antibodies that are often tumor-dependent and cause par neoplastic neuropsychological disorders(PNS). The other batch of extracellular antibodies is synaptic, less tumor dependent and often causes encephalitis. Simultaneous use of immunofluorescence, ELISA, immunoblotting, radioimmunoassay is performed on the basis of diagnostic protocols. In this paper, we will review the types of neuroautoanibodies, the physiological structure of their antigens, and the primary ways to detect them, and then confirmed them with applying new methods. Transaction cells with specific antigens also increase the sensitivity and specificity of the methods, which is described. The following table provides an overview of the overall categorization of autoimmune diseases in the nervous system and specific antibodies. Autoimmune encephalitis:Hu, CV2, Ma, Amphiphysin, GAD, NMDAR, AMPA, GABAR, LGI1, CASPR2, DPPX, mGluR5 Autoimmune neuropathies: GM1, GQ1b, MAG, Hu, CV2, Ma, AGNA, Amphiphysin, ANNA-3 Cerebellar syndromes: Hu, Yo, Ri, CV2, Ma, Tr, mGluR1, Zic4, Amphiphysin, ANNA-3, PCA-2, AGNA Demyelinating diseases: AQP4, MBP, MOG Myasthenia syndrome: AChR, MuSK, Titin, LRP4 Stiff-person syndrome: Amphiphysin, GAD, GlyR}, Keywords = {Autoimmune Diseases, Antibody}, volume = {6}, Number = {2}, pages = {190-190}, publisher = {Shefa Neuroscience Research Center}, title_fa = {P159: New Findings in The Diagnosis of Autoimmune Diseases of the Nervous System}, abstract_fa ={لطفاً به چکیده انگلیسی مراجعه شود.}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1670-en.html}, eprint = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1670-en.pdf}, journal = {The Neuroscience Journal of Shefaye Khatam}, issn = {2322-1887}, eissn = {2345-4814}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {ParsaeiMehr, Zahra and MohamadzadehTabrizi, Zohreh and ParsaeiMehr, Malihe and Saghi, Zohreh}, title = {P160: Effects of Cardiovascular Diseases on Cognitive Impairment in Elderlies}, abstract ={As increasing in elderly population cognitive impairment such as dementia is increasing dramatically. Alzheimer and vascular dementia are two types of dementia that can be result of cardiovascular disorder. Dementia affects quality of life and life expectancy, thus caring and paying attention to mental and somatic complementation after chronic disease is necessary and may be useful in delay the onset of dementia. The aim of this study is to review the link between dementia and cardiovascular disease. In this review study, we searched PubMed by English keywords such as dementia, eged or elderly, cardiovascular disease, atherosclerosis in the title and elderly in abstract and title, during 2000-2018. We found 55 articles, after reading the abstracts, articles were selected by inclusion and exclusion criteria (2 review, 20 originals and 33 unrelated studies). Results of this study reveals that cardiovascular disease, especially atherosclerosis could lead to dementia in the elderly individuals. Thus preventive and conservative implementation were suggested in this risky group.}, Keywords = {Dementia, Cardiovascular Disease, Atherosclerosis, Eged}, volume = {6}, Number = {2}, pages = {191-191}, publisher = {Shefa Neuroscience Research Center}, title_fa = {P160: Effects of Cardiovascular Diseases on Cognitive Impairment in Elderlies}, abstract_fa ={لطفاً به چکیده انگلیسی مراجعه شود.}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1671-en.html}, eprint = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1671-en.pdf}, journal = {The Neuroscience Journal of Shefaye Khatam}, issn = {2322-1887}, eissn = {2345-4814}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {Yusefi, Zeinab and Mashhadi, Haniye and Norouzlu, Ali and Puryaghoob, Maryam}, title = {P161: A Review of the Effect of Self-Care on the Quality of Life of Patients with Multiple Sclerosis}, abstract ={Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is a chronic non- traumatic neurotic inflammatory disease that affects the quality of life and has physical, psychological, social, and social impairment. MS affects all economic, social and emotional aspects of the individuals, families and society, thus only medication therapy and control of the course of these patients are not enough. Self- care is taken to increase awareness and assistance to patients to achieve individual autonomy and facilitate their adaptation to the problem of improving quality of life. The present study aimed to determine the impact of self- care on the quality of life of patients with MS. Symptoms of MS include sensory, hearing, visual, speech, psychological, sexual function disorders, and abnormal, and impairment of quality of life. The data from the current study, including the MAGIRAN, SID, and Google Scholar datacenters, were collected from the database, and the related queues were subtracted from the study. The findings show that between self-care education such as improving physical activity, increasing self-efficacy, rehabilitation, exercise, psychotherapy, and interactions Behavioral relationships have a reciprocal relationship with the increase in quality of life. The lowest level of quality of life has been related to the emotional well being. Individual differences, differences in education, the type of education provided, and follow-up of patients have contributed to the increase in quality of life. With regard to the outbreak of MS, the strengthening of educational and support associations, specialist self-care education techniques, and encouraging patients to undertake self-care activities in order to promote health and reduce the cost of treatment can be a step towards the quality of life of patients with MS.}, Keywords = {Multiple Sclerosis, Self-Care, Quality of Life}, volume = {6}, Number = {2}, pages = {192-192}, publisher = {Shefa Neuroscience Research Center}, title_fa = {P161: A Review of the Effect of Self-Care on the Quality of Life of Patients with Multiple Sclerosis}, abstract_fa ={لطفاً به چکیده انگلیسی مراجعه شود.}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1674-en.html}, eprint = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1674-en.pdf}, journal = {The Neuroscience Journal of Shefaye Khatam}, issn = {2322-1887}, eissn = {2345-4814}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {Jalili-Nik, Mohammad and NosratiTirkani, Abolfazl and Soltani, Arash}, title = {P162: Emerging Perspectives on Mtor-Associated Inflammation in Neurodegenerative Diseases}, abstract ={Inflammatory processes have been shown to be involved in development and progression of neurodegenerative diseases. Mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) involves in various cellular processes including autophagy, apoptosis and energy metabolism. Recently, studies have been shown an association between mTOR pathway and inflammation, supporting the role of the pathway in the pathogenesis of inflammatory disorders including neurodegenerative diseases. There are several studies have been shown that rapamycin, an antagonist of mTOR pathway, or PF-4708671, a mTOR substrate inhibitor, exhibits high neuroprotective effects through reducing inflammation. For example, rapamycin attenuates proinflammatory responses by increasing anti-inflammatory activity of regulatory T cells to restrain post-stroke neuro-inflammation. Moreover, pharmacological inhibition of mTOR decreases neuronal inflammation in cerebral palsy mice model subjected to hypoxia-ischemia and lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammation. Similarly, Liu et al indicated that inhibition of mTOR inhibits amyloid-β or LPS-induced neuro-inflammation in mice models. Consistent with the anti-inflammatory effects of mTOR inhibitors, Ding et al, reported that melatonin negatively regulates the release of proinflammatory cytokines by inhibition of the mTOR in traumatic brain injury in animal models. Taken together, these results clearly suggest that mTOR inhibitors can be considered as a promising therapeutic target to suppress neuronal inflammation in neurodegenerative diseases. Understanding of the exact molecular mechanism of mTOR signaling could be helpful to design a novel mTOR inhibitor to regulate the inflammatory responses in neurodegenerative diseases.}, Keywords = {MTOR Signaling, Neuro-Inflammation, Lipopolysaccharide}, volume = {6}, Number = {2}, pages = {193-193}, publisher = {Shefa Neuroscience Research Center}, title_fa = {P162: Emerging Perspectives on Mtor-Associated Inflammation in Neurodegenerative Diseases}, abstract_fa ={لطفاً به چکیده انگلیسی مراجعه شود.}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1677-en.html}, eprint = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1677-en.pdf}, journal = {The Neuroscience Journal of Shefaye Khatam}, issn = {2322-1887}, eissn = {2345-4814}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {NosratiTirkani, Abolfazl}, title = {P163: The Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Human Amniotic Membrane Epithelial Cells-Derived Condition Media}, abstract ={The human amniotic membrane known as the innermost single epithelial-covered layer provides many applications such as applicable anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer effects. These immunomodulatory effects belongs to the epithelial cells, a type of epiblast-derived fetal stem cells which currently used for regenerative medicine and transplantation. These cells are collected by author-prepared facilities and expanded in 75 cm2 cell culture flask (Biofil) in the DMEM, 12% FBS and penicillin-streptomycin antibiotic incubated in 80% humidity, 5% CO2 for 72 hours. These cell released the special macromolecules modulate the inflammatory pathways so the 2×105 cells were expanded in the 25 cm2 flask and incubated in the standard incubation condition. After 72 hours, the media changed and after 5 days, the cellular supernatant were collected as the conditioned media. The U937 cell line were treated with 50% condition media and standard medium (RPMI 1640, 5% GlutaMax and 10% FBS) for one week. The level of mRNA expression of IL1α and β and IL 8 were evaluated in the U937 cells after 1 week treatment with conditioned media. The obtained results illustrated the significant reduction in the IL1α and β and IL 8 cellular expression in the treated cells (p<0.001). The conditioned medium obtained from expanded human amniotic membrane epithelial cells has the anti-inflammatory effects based on obtained results on U937 cell line. This properties may provide the promising way in regenerative medicine.}, Keywords = {Human Amniotic Membrane, Regenerative Medicine, Anti-Inflammatory, Conditioned Media}, volume = {6}, Number = {2}, pages = {194-194}, publisher = {Shefa Neuroscience Research Center}, title_fa = {P163: The Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Human Amniotic Membrane Epithelial Cells-Derived Condition Media}, abstract_fa ={لطفاً به چکیده انگلیسی مراجعه شود.}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1679-en.html}, eprint = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1679-en.pdf}, journal = {The Neuroscience Journal of Shefaye Khatam}, issn = {2322-1887}, eissn = {2345-4814}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {Behrooznia, Zahra and Sarafan, Shadi and MahdinejadKashani, Mohse}, title = {P164: Adeno-Associated Viral Vectors in Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy}, abstract ={Duchenne muscular dystrophy (BMD) is an inherited X-link disease. The incidence of this muscle-wasting disease is 1:5000 male live births. Mutation in the gene coding for dystrophin is the main cause of BMD. Most cases of this disease succumb to respiratory and cardiac failure in 3rd to 4th decades. The slow progression of BMD and recent achievement of gene therapies make it as an appropriate candidate for this strategy to restore dystrophin production in most affected tissues. This review has focused on elucidating the role of Adeno-associated viral vectors in duchenne muscle dystrophy. Some strategies in gene therapy of BMD exon skipping, protein upregulation, stem cell transplants and mutation suppression in order to restore dystrophin production. Serious adverse events have been limited them.  One of the novel and functional strategy to replace dystrophin is using shuttle vectors derived from adeno-associated virus (AAV). This method has been tested in numerous human clinical trials without life threatening adverse effects. Major limitations of AAV vectors include limited cloning capacity and activation of immune response. Therefore, using miniaturized dystrophin and effective methods in order to attenuate immune system can promote this strategy.}, Keywords = {Duchenne, Muscular Dystrophy, Adeno-Associated Viral (AAV) Vectors, Gene Therapy}, volume = {6}, Number = {2}, pages = {195-195}, publisher = {Shefa Neuroscience Research Center}, title_fa = {P164: Adeno-Associated Viral Vectors in Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy}, abstract_fa ={لطفاً به چکیده انگلیسی مراجعه شود.}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1681-en.html}, eprint = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1681-en.pdf}, journal = {The Neuroscience Journal of Shefaye Khatam}, issn = {2322-1887}, eissn = {2345-4814}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {Bagheri-Mohammadi, Saeid and Noureddini, Mahdi and Alani, Behrang}, title = {P165: Therapeutic Potentials of Stem-Cell-Based Therapy for Parkinson\'s Disease; Current Status of Human Endometrium-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells}, abstract ={Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease characterized by motor and non-motor symptoms. It is expected to impose an increasing economic and social burden on human populations. The motor symptoms of PD are well known, including age-dependent uncontrollable resting tremor, bradykinesia, rigidity, posture instability. In the non-motor symptoms, cognitive changes, dementia, behavioral or neuropsychiatric changes, pain and fatigue, autonomic dysfunction, psychosis and hallucinations, sleep disorder, depression, mood disturbances and anxiety occur. Currently, available therapeutic approaches are mainly aiming to relief PD motor symptoms including L-DOPA replacement therapy, administration of DA agonist, and deep brain stimulation, in subthalamic nucleus and globus pallidus via surgically implanted electrodes. All of these therapeutic approaches are palliative and they are incapable for contrary to progression of PD. In recent years, neurons and glia have been generated successfully from stem cells. By the progress of stem cell therapy, expand of using stem cell promise the revolution of medical therapy for neurological disorders like PD. The recent upcoming research for PD treatment using human endometrium-derived stem cells (HEDSCs) has unveiled in bringing stem cell technology in the expected future in the form of disease modeling and stem cell therapy. HEDSC represent a new cell source for neurological disorders, which is abundant and can be easily isolated by a simple, safe, and painless procedure such as Pap smears. HEDSCs have ability for use as an autologous or allogenic stem cell source, so resolve concerns regarding rejection in human beings. HEDSCs are a highly inducible source of allogenic stem cells that can rescue dopamine concentrations in PD animal model. Stem cells have become attractive candidates for cell therapy in neurological disorders including PD. Stem cell therapy especially with HEDSCs shows a promising technology for PD treatment in which more advanced research should be done in creating ways to tackle the disease.}, Keywords = {Parkinson’s Disease, Dopaminergic Neuron, Endometrial Stem Cells, Cell Therapy}, volume = {6}, Number = {2}, pages = {196-196}, publisher = {Shefa Neuroscience Research Center}, title_fa = {P165: Therapeutic Potentials of Stem-Cell-Based Therapy for Parkinson\'s Disease; Current Status of Human Endometrium-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells}, abstract_fa ={لطفاً به چکیده انگلیسی مراجعه شود.}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1684-en.html}, eprint = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1684-en.pdf}, journal = {The Neuroscience Journal of Shefaye Khatam}, issn = {2322-1887}, eissn = {2345-4814}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {Abdollahzadeh, Sedighe and Ashrafizadeh, Milad and Asemani, Vahab}, title = {P166: The Role of Interlukin-6 of Immune Cells in Neuronal Dysfunctions in the Autism Disease}, abstract ={About thirty years ago, the interlukin-6 (IL-6) which is the proinflammatory cytokine, was detected as the differentiation factor of B cell. IL-6 is able to induce maturation in B cells and as a result, B cells achieve the ability to produce antibodies. In addition to immune responses, the role of IL-6 has been known in neurogenesis (neurons and glial cells). The studies have showed that the abnormal immune responses are associated to the autism. In the autism disease, the levels of cytokines increase in blood, brain and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). Conclusion: Increased levels of IL-6 in the brain of mouse are related to the autism properties such as abnormal cognitive abilities, loss of learning, anxiety, abnormal habits and reduction of social behaviors. Furthermore, Increased levels of IL-6 are associated to preventing of the transmission of inhibiting/inducing synaptic secretions. Also, IL-6 results in abnormal changing in the shape, length and distribution pattern of dendritic cells and can be neurotoxic. Findings show that the increase of IL-6 in the brain can relatively mediate the autism-like behaviors which are created by unbalancing the neuron circuits and dysfunctions of synaptic formations. High expression of IL-6 in several major brain diseases and animal models shows that it can play an important role in neuropathology and that is why IL-6 is the target for strategic treatment.}, Keywords = {Autism, Interlukin, Nuerogenesis}, volume = {6}, Number = {2}, pages = {197-197}, publisher = {Shefa Neuroscience Research Center}, title_fa = {P166: The Role of Interlukin-6 of Immune Cells in Neuronal Dysfunctions in the Autism Disease}, abstract_fa ={لطفاً به چکیده انگلیسی مراجعه شود.}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1685-en.html}, eprint = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1685-en.pdf}, journal = {The Neuroscience Journal of Shefaye Khatam}, issn = {2322-1887}, eissn = {2345-4814}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {Javdani, Moosa and BarzegarBafrouei, Abolfazl and Soleimaninejadian, Ehsan and Karimipour, Elham}, title = {P167: Key Role of Inflammation in Central Nervous System Damage and Disease; TNFα, IL-1}, abstract ={Inflammation is portion of the body's immune response and it is basically a host protective response to tissue ischemia, injury, autoimmune responses or infectious agents. Although the information presented so far points to a detrimental role for inflammation in central nervous system (CNS) disease, it may also be useful. CNS demonstrates characteristic of inflammation, and in response to damage, disease or infection, resident CNS cells generate inflammatory mediators, including prostaglandins (PGs), pro-inflammatory cytokines, free radicals and complement, which in turn induce chemokines and adhesion molecules, recruit immune cells, and activate glial cells. In response to a brain injury, astrocytes become activated, increasing expression of glial fibrillary acidic protein, and producing cytokines. Cytokines including both tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and IL-1 are strongly implicated in neuronal loss during acute and chronic neurodegenerative disease, but also participate in repair and recovery. Although TNF-α is found associated with active MS lesions, induces death of oligodendrocytes. TNF-α appears not to be needed for mast cell–dependent pelvic pain. TNF-α, is released from Schwann cells immediately after nerve damage. IL-1 can also attach nerve terminals and influence substance P release and migration of polymorphonuclear White blood cells (WBCs). IL-1β is also selectively upregulated in astrocytes in the spinal trigeminal nucleus, spinal cord and rostral ventromedial medulla in models of inflammation, cancer pain and nerve damage. IL-1β is an important messenger between neurons and glia.}, Keywords = {CNS Damage, Inflammation, Cytokine, Interleukin}, volume = {6}, Number = {2}, pages = {198-198}, publisher = {Shefa Neuroscience Research Center}, title_fa = {P167: Key Role of Inflammation in Central Nervous System Damage and Disease; TNFα, IL-1}, abstract_fa ={لطفاً به چکیده انگلیسی مراجعه شود.}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1688-en.html}, eprint = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1688-en.pdf}, journal = {The Neuroscience Journal of Shefaye Khatam}, issn = {2322-1887}, eissn = {2345-4814}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {Javdani, Moosa and GhorbaniGhahfarokhi, Roya and NafarSefidDashti, Maryam and BarzegarBafrouei, Abolfazl and SadeghiSefidDashti, Marzieh}, title = {P168: Delayed Imatinib Treatment for Spinal Cord Damage; Role of Serum Biomarkers and Recovery}, abstract ={With no routine accessible medicine intervention for spinal cord damage, there is a demand for more remedial candidates. However, for Imatinib to have translational price, it requires to have encouraged obliging effects with delayed start of treatment, as well. Serum levels of 3 chemokines/ cytokines, MIP-3α, MCP-1, and GRO/ KC (IL-8), to raise over time with Imatinib treatment and to be obviously higher in damaged Imatinib treated animals than in manages pending the early treatment period. Lymphoid organs, first the spleen, were tested to supply information on systemic effects of Imatinib with consider to inflam- matory responses and lymphoid organs as the source of monocyte/ macrophage infiltration into the damage site of the spinal cord. Serum samples at one, three and seven days after damage were tested for INF-1β, MIP-3α, MCP-1, IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-10, IL-13, GRO/ KC and TNF. Three cytokines/chemokines, MIP-3a, MCP-1 and GRO/ KC demonstrated definite potential as biomarkers in serum. Serum levels of MIP-3α and MCP-1 were raised one day after damage or sham surgery. GRO/KC concentrations were instead higher in the sham group compared to the contusion-damaged groups without or with Imatinib treatment, making this chemokine a potential serum biomarker for CNS damage. At one day after surgery, there was however no strong effect of Imatinib treatment of animals with spinal cord damage among the tested chemokines. Serum concentrations of MCP-1 and MIP-3a remained elevated in the damaged and sham damaged group throughout the seven days in comparison to concentrations in uninjured managements.}, Keywords = {Spinal Cord Damage, Serum Biomarkers, Chemokines, Treatment}, volume = {6}, Number = {2}, pages = {199-199}, publisher = {Shefa Neuroscience Research Center}, title_fa = {P168: Delayed Imatinib Treatment for Spinal Cord Damage; Role of Serum Biomarkers and Recovery}, abstract_fa ={لطفاً به چکیده انگلیسی مراجعه شود.}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1690-en.html}, eprint = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1690-en.pdf}, journal = {The Neuroscience Journal of Shefaye Khatam}, issn = {2322-1887}, eissn = {2345-4814}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {Javdani, Moosa and SadeghiSefiddashti, Marzieh and GhorbaniGhahfarokhi, Roya and NafarSefidDashti, Maryam and BarzgarBafrouei, Abolfazl}, title = {P169: The Role of Lymphocytes in Spinal Cord Injury and Pain; T Helper Cells (TH1 and TH2 Cells)}, abstract ={Lymphocyte is one of the subtypes of white blood cell (WBC) in immune system. Lymphocytes contain T cells, natural killer cells , and B cells. They are the head type of cell found in lymph, which for this reason the name "lymphocyte". Lymphocytes can be recognized by their large nucleus. Infiltration of immune cells in the central nervous system (CNS) helps the start of chronic pain. CD4+ T cells infiltrate into the spinal cord, whereas B lymphocytes and NK cells are not locate in the spinal cord after L5 spinal nerve cross section. T cells infiltrate the sciatic nerve and dorsal root ganglion after nerve damage. Hyperalgesia and allodynia influenced by nerve damage are typicaly attenuated or abrogated in rodents missing T cells and the immunosuppressant rapamycin attenuates neuropathic pain in rats, partially due to an effect on T cells. Type 1 and 2 T helper cells (TH1 and TH2 cells) are subsets of T cells and have been demonstrated  to have variety roles in neuropathic pain. TH1 cells help neuropathic pain behavior by secrete proinflammatory cytokines (interferon-γ (IFNγ) and IL-2), whereas TH2 cells block it by secreting anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-13, IL-10 and IL-4). It is noteworthy that the condensation of IL-17 in the spinal cord of rats is rised after nerve damage.}, Keywords = {Pain, Spinal Cord Injury, Lymphocytes, T Helper Cells}, volume = {6}, Number = {2}, pages = {200-200}, publisher = {Shefa Neuroscience Research Center}, title_fa = {P169: The Role of Lymphocytes in Spinal Cord Injury and Pain; T Helper Cells (TH1 and TH2 Cells)}, abstract_fa ={لطفاً به چکیده انگلیسی مراجعه شود.}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1693-en.html}, eprint = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1693-en.pdf}, journal = {The Neuroscience Journal of Shefaye Khatam}, issn = {2322-1887}, eissn = {2345-4814}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {MansooriMajoofardi, Sepideh and Esmaeilnejad, Saman and Behrooznia, Zahra and SheidaeMehne, Zahr}, title = {P170: The Role of Th1 Lymphocytes in The Pathogenesis of Multiple Sclerosis (MS)}, abstract ={Th1 lymphocytes produce cytokines such as IL-2, IFN-γ, and TNF-α, TNF-β and GM-CSF. IFN-γ is the most important Th1 cell cytokine that induces the production of IgG, activation of macrophages, enhancing phagocytosis, and also increasing MHC class I and class II molecules. Increasing serum level of Th1 cytokines have also been observed in MS patients. It has also been proven that in humans, exacerbation of MS disease is often accompanied by the increase of myelin-specific Th1 cells in the CSF and according to pathological observations, in thrombolytic plaques, the accumulation of Th1 cells and the production of IFN-γ is directly linked to the demyelination process, which also proves the pathogenicity of Th1 cells. Moreover, the treatment of multiple sclerosis with IFN-γ increases the severity of the disease; while treatment with an anti-IFN-γ antibody improves the disease. Th1 cells cytokines activate macrophages, and activated macrophages cause damage to myelin and subsequently oligodendrocytes and can also produce other inflammatory cytokines that can exacerbate tissue damage. Conclusion: According to studies, Th1 lymphocytes seem to play an important role in immuno-pathological reactions in MS. Preventing the entry of Th1 cells into the CNS, differentiation of native T-cell into Th1 cellsand also activation of Th1 cells, and in the other hand targeting cytokines secreted from Th1 cells or their receptors can significantly reduce the process of demyelination in MS. This review study aimed to investigate the role of Th1 Lymphocytes in the Pathogenesis of Multiple Sclerosis.}, Keywords = {Multiple Sclerosis‚ Th1 Lymphocyte‚ IFN-γ ‚Macrophage}, volume = {6}, Number = {2}, pages = {201-201}, publisher = {Shefa Neuroscience Research Center}, title_fa = {P170: The Role of Th1 Lymphocytes in The Pathogenesis of Multiple Sclerosis (MS)}, abstract_fa ={لطفاً به چکیده انگلیسی مراجعه شود.}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1695-en.html}, eprint = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1695-en.pdf}, journal = {The Neuroscience Journal of Shefaye Khatam}, issn = {2322-1887}, eissn = {2345-4814}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {Azarakhsh, Masoud and Hamidi, Farshid and Mohebalian, Hadi}, title = {P171: Microglia Cell, Major Player in the Central Nervous System Inflammation}, abstract ={Inflammation, a self-defensive reaction against various pathogenic stimuli, may become harmful self-damaging process. Increasing evidence has linked chronic inflammation to a number of neurodegenerative disorders including alzheimer's disease (AD), parkinson's disease (PD), and multiple sclerosis (MS). In the central nervous system, microglia, the resident innate immune cells play major role in the inflammatory process. Although they form the first line of defense for the neural parenchyma, uncontrolled activation of microglia may directly toxic to neurons by releasing various substances such as inflammatory cytokines (HMGB1, IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-6), NO, PGE and superoxide. Our recent study demonstrated that activated microglia, example BV2 cell, phagocytose not only damaged cell debris but also neighboring intact cells. These cells originated from yolk sac and fetal live in embryonic stage and after birth from bone marrow. Microglia bears some kinds of pattern recognition receptors (PRR) including TLR4 that can recognize pathogen associated molecular pattern(PAMP) and damage associated molecular pattern (DAMP). One of the most important items for PAMP is LPS which included in cell wall of bacteria especially gram negative bacteria. Moreover, LPS can be used by researchers in order to induction of inflammatory situation. It further supports their active participation in self-perpetuating neuronal damaging cycles. Besides, these interesting cells bear mannose and scavenger receptor for phagocytosis.}, Keywords = {Microglia Cell, Inflammation, LPS, CNS, Parkinson Disease}, volume = {6}, Number = {2}, pages = {202-202}, publisher = {Shefa Neuroscience Research Center}, title_fa = {P171: Microglia Cell, Major Player in the Central Nervous System Inflammation}, abstract_fa ={لطفاً به چکیده انگلیسی مراجعه شود.}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1696-en.html}, eprint = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1696-en.pdf}, journal = {The Neuroscience Journal of Shefaye Khatam}, issn = {2322-1887}, eissn = {2345-4814}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {Moghaddasi, Reza and Moazedi, Ahmad Ali and Ghotbeddin, Zohreh and Akhoond, Mohammad Rez}, title = {P172: Study the Effect of Carbamazepine During the Epileptogenesis by Dorsal Hippocampal Kindling on Balance and Locomotor Activity in Adult Male Rats}, abstract ={Epilepsy is a chronic cerebral disorder associated with recurrently occurring seizures resulting from over activity of brain neurons. Since more than one percent of the world's population is suffering from epilepsy, this disease is recognized as one of the most important neurological disorders in modern medicine. Studies indicate that impairment in balance and motor activity are known as one of the side effects of epilepsy. Therefore, the use of an antiepileptic drug such as carbamazepine can help to improve these disorders. So, in this research, the effect of carbamazepine during epileptogenesis in dorsal hippocampal kindling on balance and motor activity in adult male rats was investigated. In this study, 60 adult male rats were randomly divided into 6 groups: surgical control, methylcellulose (MC), Kindled, carbamazepine (CBZ), kindled-carbamazepine (KCBZ) and the methylcellulose-Kindled (MCK). Animals in the Kindled group stimulate were rapidly kindled by daily stimulation of dorsal hippocampus (12 stimulation per day, 1 ms pulse duration at 50Hz for 3 seconds) in the dorsal hippocampus region(CA1). While animals in the control groups did not receive any stimulation. Animals in the CBZ group received 8 mg of carbamazepine intraperitoneally on the first day after the recovery. The CBZK-group, in addition to receiving 8 mg of carbamazepine on the first day after recovery, received kindling stimulations for 6 days, as the same method with Kindled group. The MCK-group was similar to the CBZK-group with this difference that they received MC instead of CBZ. At the end of kindling stimulation, open field and rotarod tests were respectively used to examine the effect of CBZ on motor activity and balance. The open field test results showed a significant decrease in the motions and rearing frequency in the CBZK-group compared to the MCK-group (p <0.01). Frequency of rearing and motions in the Kindled group also showed a significant increase compared to the control group (p <0.01). Grooming in the CBZK-group compared to the MCK-group show significant decrease (p <0.05) and in the Kindled group showed a significant increase compared to the control group (p <0.05). In the Rotarod test, the balance in the Kindled group was significantly lower than the control group (p <0.05) and in the CBZK-group compared to the MCK-group show significant increase (p <0.01). It seems that Carbamazepine injection during the epileptogenesis by dorsal hippocampal kindling in male rats reduces motor activity but improves balance.}, Keywords = {Hippocampal Kindling, Carbamazepine, Balance, Motor Activity, Rotarod Test, Open Field Test, Rat}, volume = {6}, Number = {2}, pages = {203-203}, publisher = {Shefa Neuroscience Research Center}, title_fa = {P172: Study the Effect of Carbamazepine During the Epileptogenesis by Dorsal Hippocampal Kindling on Balance and Locomotor Activity in Adult Male Rats}, abstract_fa ={لطفاً به چکیده انگلیسی مراجعه شود.}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1698-en.html}, eprint = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1698-en.pdf}, journal = {The Neuroscience Journal of Shefaye Khatam}, issn = {2322-1887}, eissn = {2345-4814}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {Manouchehri, Nasim and Khodgholi, Fariba and Dargahi, Leila and Ahmadian, Abolhass}, title = {P173: LPS Preconditioning Declines Oncogenic Factors and Inflammatory Responses in PC12 Cells}, abstract ={The release of molecules from injured tissue leads to produce inflammatory response that can result in apoptosis and cell death. Preconditioning (PC) can decrease the inflammatory response, increase neuroprotective mechanism on different levels. So, we investigated the role of PC as a suitable preventative approach in neurodegenerative disease in and inflammatory oncogenic factors in PC12 cells. So, we treated differentiated PC12 cells with ultra-low and high doses LPS 3μg/ml and 750μg/ml respectively. Our results showed that C-myc and IL-1β, were significantly increased in high dose LPS respect to the control. In addition, C-myc was enhanced despite the inhibition of apoptosis even if cells were treated by high dose LPS. But results have shown that C-myc level was markedly reduced in presence of PC induction respect to the high dose LPS group. C-myc in the PC group in compare with the control has shown no significant difference. Despite of the apoptosis inhibition in the PC group, C-myc level was not significantly increased. Further evidences have shown that IL-1β in the preconditioned cells were significantly decreased in compared with high dose LPS group and PhosphoSer46P53/P53 significantly decreased in PC group in presence of the apoptosis inhibitor compared with PC group. It has concluded that PC could be effectively reduced the level of inflammatory responses and oncogenic factors. Some PC agent like ultra-low dose LPS causes gene reprogramming which can induce neuroprotection and decrease proinflammatory responses.}, Keywords = {Preconditioning, LPS, Inflammatory Responses}, volume = {6}, Number = {2}, pages = {204-201}, publisher = {Shefa Neuroscience Research Center}, title_fa = {P173: LPS Preconditioning Declines Oncogenic Factors and Inflammatory Responses in PC12 Cells}, abstract_fa ={لطفاً به چکیده انگلیسی مراجعه شود.}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1699-en.html}, eprint = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1699-en.pdf}, journal = {The Neuroscience Journal of Shefaye Khatam}, issn = {2322-1887}, eissn = {2345-4814}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {Shiri-Shahsavar, Mohammad Reza and Goraki, Iman and Khangaldi, Sharareh and Aliyari-Serej, Zeynab and Maleki, Mohammadjafar and Ebrahimi-Kalan, Abbas and Pourhassan-Moghaddam, Mohamm}, title = {P174: Expression of Cannabinoid Receptor 1 (CB1) in Animal Model of Multiple Sclerosis (EAE) Treated with Hemp Seed Oil}, abstract ={Multiple sclerosis (MS), as an auto-immune disease, is confined to the central nervous system and is usually accompanied with debilitating condition in MS patient. The rate of disease in the females is more than males (2:1), and it is diagnosed between 20 to 40 years old. Phototherapy, as a traditional remedy, is used to treat different pathological conditions including MS. Hemp seed oil, as an herbal drug, is used in this study to alleviate the symptoms EAE as an animal model of MS through alteration of the gene expression of Cannabinoid receptor 1. In this study 24 female C57bl/6 mice randomly divided into three groups: healthy group (group 1), Control group (group 2) and experimental group or hemp seed oil group (group 3).  Immunization of all mice after one week acclimation in laboratory environment has been induced with Hooke kit except group 1. One day before of induction, feeding with hemp seed oil initiated and continues for 4 week in standard condition. Clinical score recorded daily through the study and in 28 days after immunization, all mice sacrificed after ketamine/xylazine anesthesia and spinal cord tissue removed for molecular and histopathological evaluation. Data analyzed with SPSS and ML win and P value <0.5 determined as significant. We observed significant differences in clinical scores between the control and experiment groups (p values < 0.001). Also, the expression of CB1 showed a statistically significant increase in the experiment group. In the present study, Hemp seed oil, due to its immunological effects, caused a decrease in the levels of inflammatory factors during the progress of multiple sclerosis in EAE animal model. Moreover, the clinical findings confirm the above result, showing a decrease in debilitating conditions of the disease. Therefore, administration of hemp seed oil alleviates the symptoms of the disease and it is useful for control of the inflammatory and auto-immune diseases. Nevertheless, it seems that additional research is needed to confirm the findings by clinical trials.}, Keywords = {Multiple Sclerosis, EAE, CB1, Gene Expression, Hemp Seed Oil}, volume = {6}, Number = {2}, pages = {205-205}, publisher = {Shefa Neuroscience Research Center}, title_fa = {P174: Expression of Cannabinoid Receptor 1 (CB1) in Animal Model of Multiple Sclerosis (EAE) Treated with Hemp Seed Oil}, abstract_fa ={لطفاً به چکیده انگلیسی مراجعه شود.}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1704-en.html}, eprint = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1704-en.pdf}, journal = {The Neuroscience Journal of Shefaye Khatam}, issn = {2322-1887}, eissn = {2345-4814}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {Koohpeyma, Hakimeh and Goudarzi, Iran and ElahdadiSalman, Mahmoud and Lashkarblouki, Taghi}, title = {P175: Neonatal Homocysteine Administration Induces Cerebellar Toxicity Via Oxidative Stress in Rats}, abstract ={Several in vitro studies have showed the neurotoxic effect of homocysteine (Hcy) to various neuronal types, including cerebellar Purkinje neurons. In this study, we investigated whether the Hcy has neurotoxic effects on the rat pup’s cerebellum in the postnatal period that it continues to development. Pups rats divided into control and Hcy group. Hcy administration (0.3–0.6 mmol/g body weight) was initiated on postnatal day (PD) 4 and continued until PD 25 by subcutaneous injection twice on a day with 8 hours interval. On PD 25, the animals were decapitated and the cerebellums were removed. The body and cerebellum weight were measured and the cerebellum to body weight ratio was calculated by dividing the cerebellum weight by the body weight of pups at sacrifice. Level of lipid peroxidation, the glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity in the cerebellum were determined. Also, caspase3 protein level was assayed by Elisa kit in the cerebellum. Our results demonstrated that chronic administration Hcy significantly decreased GPx activity and increased lipid peroxidation in the cerebellum. The cerebellum weight and the cerebellum to body weight ratio significantly reduced in Hcy treated rat compared with the control group. Moreover, Hcy increased caspase 3 protein levels in Hcy treated group. Our results showed systemic administration of Hcy induces cerebellar toxicity through oxidative stress.}, Keywords = {Homocystein, Oxidative Stress, Cerebellum}, volume = {6}, Number = {2}, pages = {206-206}, publisher = {Shefa Neuroscience Research Center}, title_fa = {P175: Neonatal Homocysteine Administration Induces Cerebellar Toxicity Via Oxidative Stress in Rats}, abstract_fa ={لطفاً به چکیده انگلیسی مراجعه شود.}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1706-en.html}, eprint = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1706-en.pdf}, journal = {The Neuroscience Journal of Shefaye Khatam}, issn = {2322-1887}, eissn = {2345-4814}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {Bron, Mehr}, title = {P176: Neurological Diseases: Causes, Symptoms and Treatments}, abstract ={The nervous system is an extremely complex communication system that can send and receive large amounts of information simultaneously. The nervous system has two distinct parts: the central nervous system (the brain and the spinal cord) and the peripheral nervous system (the nerves located outside the brain and spinal cord). The main unit of the nervous system is neural cells (neurons). The routine work of nerve cells is to increase or decrease the number of connections they have with other neurons. This process may somewhat explain how people learn, adapt, and shape their memories. But the brain and spinal cord rarely produce new neurons. Many people refer to neurologists when they have complicated or very uncommon complications of the brain and the nervous system. Neurologists have expertise in the treatment of all types of brain and nervous system disorders. They, in collaboration with a team of physicians and other professionals, determine the best treatment option according to your needs. They treat the disease by examining the disease. Neurologists, in addition to the complications listed below, also examine people with signs of neurology or complications from other diseases.}, Keywords = {Brain Disease, Neurological Disease, Causes, Symptoms, Treatments}, volume = {6}, Number = {2}, pages = {207-207}, publisher = {Shefa Neuroscience Research Center}, title_fa = {P176: Neurological Diseases: Causes, Symptoms and Treatments}, abstract_fa ={لطفاً به چکیده انگلیسی مراجعه شود.}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1708-en.html}, eprint = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1708-en.pdf}, journal = {The Neuroscience Journal of Shefaye Khatam}, issn = {2322-1887}, eissn = {2345-4814}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {Mirdoosti, Motahareh and Abbasi, Sara and ShadmanZahroodi, Hojjat and Mirzaei, Mohamm}, title = {P177: The Human Microbiome and PTSD, the Mechanisms of Interaction-A Narrative Review}, abstract ={present therapeutic methods for PTSD are not efficient enough to reduce or disappear all the symptoms.several peripheral factors can affect developing and treating PTSD, such as human microbiota. There is a growing volume of evidence showing the effect of gut microbiota on brain and behaviour.PTSD is associated with an inflammatory state in blood, brain and cerebrospinal fluid.also, there is evidence showing that the gut microbiota can affect the pathogenesis of mental diseases with the mechanism of inflammation.so, the inflammation can be considered as a mechanism of interaction between microbiota and PTSD. PTSD is along with sleep disorders and there are evidence showing that by treating the sleep disorders, we can have a general improvement in PTSD symptoms.also it is shown that intestinal dysbiosis can cause sleep disorders and by adding probiotics to the dysbiosed rats, their sleep disorder improved, so it can be considered as an evidence on the efficiency of altering the gut microbiota on treating PTSD. Also, it is shown that oxytocin can decrease the anxiety and depression, and its intranasal usage after exposing to the traumatic event can decrease the probability of affecting PTSD.on the other hand, there is some kind of probiotics that can increase the oxytocin in the blood.so by altering the gut microbiota with this probiotic, we may have an improvement in PTSD symptoms. gut microbiota may have a key role in both predisposing people to PTSD and also PTSD treatment, so we propose more researches on the therapeutic interventions with the approach of altering the gut microbiota.}, Keywords = {PTSD, Microbiome, Probiotic}, volume = {6}, Number = {2}, pages = {208-208}, publisher = {Shefa Neuroscience Research Center}, title_fa = {P177: The Human Microbiome and PTSD, the Mechanisms of Interaction-A Narrative Review}, abstract_fa ={لطفاً به چکیده انگلیسی مراجعه شود.}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1711-en.html}, eprint = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1711-en.pdf}, journal = {The Neuroscience Journal of Shefaye Khatam}, issn = {2322-1887}, eissn = {2345-4814}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {Abolbashari, Samaneh and Meshkat, Zahra and Ghayour-Mobarhan, Maji}, title = {P178: Can Human T-Lymphotropic Virus Proviral Load Predict the Severity of Clinical Features in HAM/TSP Patients?}, abstract ={HTLV-1 is the causative agent for a neurologic disease named HTLV-I- associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP). Paraparesis of the lower limbs which appears gradually is the most common clinical feature of this disease. The indirect involvement of the nervous system by lymphocytes is more probable than the direct attack of the virus to the neurons. The proviral load (PVL) is defined as the percentage of HTLV-1–infected peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). We reviewed the literature to understand if the PVL could predict the severity of clinical symptoms in HAM/TSP patients. Studies show that the virus proviral load in PBMCs can differentiated asymptomatic carriers from HAM/TSP patients. A significant association has been demonstrated between higher HTLV-1 proviral load and poor long-term prognosis. One study has presented a diagnostic model for the early detection of HAM/TSP using plasma SPARC, VCAM1, and HTLV-1 viral load. Another study has suggested that a high ratio of proviral DNA load in CSF to peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) may distinguish HAM/TSP from HTLV-1-infected patients with MS. Also, HTLV-1 proviral loads measured in the CSF of HAM/TSP patients are typically greater than twice the proviral load in PBMCs, whereas the ratio of CSF to peripheral blood HTLV-1 proviral loads are typically lower in asymptomatic carriers. In general, the association between PVL in PBMCs and the severity of neurologic symptoms of HAM/TSP patients has not been reported in any available literature and it is necessary to further investigate this issue.}, Keywords = {HTLV-1, HAM/TSP, Clinical Symptoms}, volume = {6}, Number = {2}, pages = {209-209}, publisher = {Shefa Neuroscience Research Center}, title_fa = {P178: Can Human T-Lymphotropic Virus Proviral Load Predict the Severity of Clinical Features in HAM/TSP Patients?}, abstract_fa ={لطفاً به چکیده انگلیسی مراجعه شود.}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1712-en.html}, eprint = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1712-en.pdf}, journal = {The Neuroscience Journal of Shefaye Khatam}, issn = {2322-1887}, eissn = {2345-4814}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {Dodange, Masume and Ghanimati, Mehdi and Mohebbi, Zahra and Puryaghoob, Maryam}, title = {P179: The Effect of Sports Exercises for Eight Weeks on the Rate of Fatigue and the Quality of Life in Patients with Multiple Sclerosis}, abstract ={MS illness is a self- safety and inflammatory illness in Central Nervous System in which Myelin Sheath and Axon of neuronal cells of the brain and the spinal cord is destroyed by the Safety System, and the level of its prevalence is two or three times more in women rather than men. The most important complications of this illness are fatigue, cramp, shake, the lack of balance, and walking disorder. These factors cause the sharp drop of the level of quality in these patients' life, and it results in reduction of their daily activities. This study aims at investigating the effect of exercise on the rate of fatigue and the quality of life in patients with Multiple Sclerosis. The performance of sports exercises proportional to the ability of patients with MS can decreases the cost of Physiology, and therefore it can improve the rate of fatigue and the level of quality in their life if the symptoms such as thermal sensitivity and fatigue isn't exacerbate. Thus, it is recommended to do these exercises as an effective and time-consuming way, because it has the ability for learning and it is easy to perform. Regarding these results, the respective experts can use these exercises as a complementary along with medical treatments for patients with MS, and they can prevent these patients' increasing and quick disability.}, Keywords = {Exercise, Multiple Sclerosis, Fatigue}, volume = {6}, Number = {2}, pages = {210-210}, publisher = {Shefa Neuroscience Research Center}, title_fa = {P179: The Effect of Sports Exercises for Eight Weeks on the Rate of Fatigue and the Quality of Life in Patients with Multiple Sclerosis}, abstract_fa ={لطفاً به چکیده انگلیسی مراجعه شود.}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1713-en.html}, eprint = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1713-en.pdf}, journal = {The Neuroscience Journal of Shefaye Khatam}, issn = {2322-1887}, eissn = {2345-4814}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {Dodange, Masume and Ghanimati, Mehdi and Puryaghoob, Maryam}, title = {P180: The Effect of Complementary Medicine on Treatment and Prevention of MS Illness in Animal Model}, abstract ={Multiple Sclerosis is a chronic neurological disease that is accompanied by inflammation and myelin deficiency, and this pathological myelin disorder is irreversible. The prevalence of this disease is in 20-40 ages, and the rate of its prevalence in women is 1.7 times more than men. Yet, no effective medicine has been offered for this illness, and the present treatment methods are costly. Regarding this issue, the researchers have been attracted towards the complementary medicine for treatment of this disease. The results show that getting infected by MS disease depends on genetic and environmental factors; for example, in some regions in which the consumption and absorption of D vitamin is high, the level of its prevalence is low.In addition to medical treatment of MS illness, complementary medicine (such as the effects of Aloe Vera Gel on the changes of Estrogen and Progesterone Hormones, the impact of bee venom on serum level of Intercolein6, edible Genistein extracted from Soya and D3 vitamin) has remarkably affected the treatment and prevention of MS disease in animal model. Of course, clinical use of this medicine in treatment is a complex principle, as its effects are relative, and they are not yet known.}, Keywords = {MS, Complementary Medicine, Multiple Sclerosis }, volume = {6}, Number = {2}, pages = {211-211}, publisher = {Shefa Neuroscience Research Center}, title_fa = {P180: The Effect of Complementary Medicine on Treatment and Prevention of MS Illness in Animal Model}, abstract_fa ={لطفاً به چکیده انگلیسی مراجعه شود.}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1714-en.html}, eprint = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1714-en.pdf}, journal = {The Neuroscience Journal of Shefaye Khatam}, issn = {2322-1887}, eissn = {2345-4814}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {Isazadeh, Mahdi}, title = {P181: Effect of Aquatic Therapy on Improvement of Patients with Parkinson Disease: A Systematic Review}, abstract ={Parkinson disease (PD) is a degenerative neurological disorder that affects 0.5- 1% of old people in western countries. It primarily affects mobility function, and associated with increasing disability over time. People with PD express bradykinesia, rigidity, tremor, progressive postural instability and muscle weakness as symptoms of PD. Various exercise programs, including resistance or aerobic training, physical therapy and other complementary therapies have been suggested to address movement deficits in order to improve mobility function and quality of life for individuals with PD in the moderate or early stages. A special aquatic program is able to reduce joint rigidity and limb bradykinesia, decrease pain and improve quality of life. According to the results, aquatic exercise therapy for patients with PD has become a recent focus of attention. Aquatic exercise therapy is an enjoyable, feasible and safe method to improve quality of life in people with Parkinson disease. It seems that we can utilize aquatic exercise therapy for improvement of people with Parkinson disease. The impression mechanism of aquatic exercise therapy is unknown and needs to more research.}, Keywords = {Parkinson Disease, Aquatic Therapy, Hydrotherapy, Exercise}, volume = {6}, Number = {2}, pages = {212-212}, publisher = {Shefa Neuroscience Research Center}, title_fa = {P181: Effect of Aquatic Therapy on Improvement of Patients with Parkinson Disease: A Systematic Review}, abstract_fa ={لطفاً به چکیده انگلیسی مراجعه شود.}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1715-en.html}, eprint = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1715-en.pdf}, journal = {The Neuroscience Journal of Shefaye Khatam}, issn = {2322-1887}, eissn = {2345-4814}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {GhassemiToussi, Alirez}, title = {P182: Legal Issues Related to Nervous System Inflammation}, abstract ={Every day, complaints are filed against the medical staff due to Negligence with health and nervous system inflammation -related issues. Negligence in the legal sense, means that one does not perform assigned task. The task that the legislator has placed on that person. The legislator in the Islamic Penal Code, adopted in 1392, Defines negligence as carelessness or omission and also includes lack of skill and non-compliance with state regulations as part of this. Omission: Nonperformance of an act which scientifically and technically is expected to be carried out. eg: Non-administration of antibiotics for bacterial meningitis. Carelessness: Performance of an action which scientifically and technically should not be done. eg: Prescribing antibiotics for a patient with a viral nervous system inflammation. Lack of skill: Includes cases in which the physician does not have the scientific and technical expertise necessary for a certain work. eg: Incorrect lumbar puncture. Failure to comply with government regulations: Namely, failure to pay attention to regulations, departmental letters, regulations of administrative superiors, medical system, Ministry of Health eg: Not having an autoclave at the health center. It is hoped that compliants against medical staff will be prevented by complying with legal requirements.}, Keywords = {Omission, Inflammation, Legal}, volume = {6}, Number = {2}, pages = {213-213}, publisher = {Shefa Neuroscience Research Center}, title_fa = {P182: Legal Issues Related to Nervous System Inflammation}, abstract_fa ={لطفاً به چکیده انگلیسی مراجعه شود.}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1716-en.html}, eprint = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1716-en.pdf}, journal = {The Neuroscience Journal of Shefaye Khatam}, issn = {2322-1887}, eissn = {2345-4814}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {Javdani, Moosa and BarzegarBafrouei, Abolfazl and karimipour, Elham}, title = {P183: Key Function of Complement System in Interactions between Pain and Nociceptors, C5a, and C3a}, abstract ={A part of the immune system that improves (complements) the ability of antibodies and phagocytic cells to clear microorganisms and injured cells from an organism, attacks the pathogen's cell membrane, and encourages inflammation called complement system. It is main part of immune system. Over thirty proteins and protein pieces compose the complement system, including cell membrane receptors, and serum proteins. The complement system activates by 3 biochemical pathways: the alternative complement pathway, the classical complement pathway, and the lectin pathway. The complement system is a main portion of the innate protection. Effectors of the complement cascade attack microorganisms, activate basophils and mast cells, and promote chemotaxis of white blood cells (WBC). The complement system also has a function in inflammatory hyperalgesia and neuropathic pain. C5a, an anaphylatoxin, is a main effector of the complement cataract and upon banding to C5aR1 receptors on neutrophils it develops a potent neutrophil absorbent. Complement segments also have a direct effect on nociceptors. Injection of C3a and C5a into the hind-paw of mice or rats influences behavioral hyperalgesia. Using of C3a or C5a to peripheral nerves ex vivo sensitizes C fiber nociceptors. This effect might be mediated by a direct effect of banding C5a receptors. C5a activates spinal microglia in neuropathic pain and C5a block of the complement cascade in the spinal cord reverses neuropathic pain behavior and is also participated in neuropathic pain.}, Keywords = {Complement System, Pain, Nociceptors, C5a, C3a}, volume = {6}, Number = {2}, pages = {214-214}, publisher = {Shefa Neuroscience Research Center}, title_fa = {P183: Key Function of Complement System in Interactions between Pain and Nociceptors, C5a, and C3a}, abstract_fa ={لطفاً به چکیده انگلیسی مراجعه شود.}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1717-en.html}, eprint = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1717-en.pdf}, journal = {The Neuroscience Journal of Shefaye Khatam}, issn = {2322-1887}, eissn = {2345-4814}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {Salehi, Sahar and SahabNegah, Sajad and Rajabzadeh, Ghadir}, title = {P184: Combination of Herbal Medicine and Nanomedicine: a Novel Therapeutic Target for Neurodegenerative Diseases}, abstract ={Inflammation is a pathologic condition that includes a wide range of diseases namely neurodegenerative diseases. Several natural anti-inflammatory components have been identified in plant extracts used in traditional medicine for the relief of inflammation. Herbal medicine is showing difficulty in crossing the blood-brain barrier (BBB). So that the ability to pass the BBB is the main concern for using them at neurodegenerative diseases treatment. Nano-Liposomes and Noisomes provide a unique opportunity to deliver pharmaceuticals into the cells and interaction with the target site. So they have been considered as Nano-carriers for brain drug targeting and overcoming the BBB and transition anti-inflammation herbal medicine namely curcumin for neurodegenerative disease curing. The aim of this review is to explore the different approaches studied to transport and deliver herbal medicine to the brain by using liposome and noisome systems as a carrier. This review has analyzed the most recent approaches for herbal medicine delivery to the central nervous system (CNS). The overall literature clearly shows that herbal medicine needs a modern delivery system for treatment of neurodegenerative disease. Several systems have been used to deliver drugs to the brain, such as using peptides, antibodies, and RNA aptamers for optimizing targeting ability liposomes and noisome for passing BBB. It can be concluded that the development of liposomes and noisome for brain delivery are still in their infancy, although these systems have the potential to revolutionize the ways in which medicine is ordered.}, Keywords = {Nano, Herabal Medicine, Anti-Inflammation Medicine, Liposome, Niosome }, volume = {6}, Number = {2}, pages = {215-215}, publisher = {Shefa Neuroscience Research Center}, title_fa = {P184: Combination of Herbal Medicine and Nanomedicine: a Novel Therapeutic Target for Neurodegenerative Diseases}, abstract_fa ={لطفاً به چکیده انگلیسی مراجعه شود.}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1729-en.html}, eprint = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1729-en.pdf}, journal = {The Neuroscience Journal of Shefaye Khatam}, issn = {2322-1887}, eissn = {2345-4814}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {Yekebash, Motahare}, title = {P185: Survey Effect of Histamine on Microglia in Neurodegenerative Diseases}, abstract ={Neurodegenerative diseases contain Multiple Sclerosis (MS), Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and Parkinson’s disease (PD), are characterized by neuronal death and neuronal degeneration in specific regions of the central nervous system (CNS). Microglia are the basic immune brain cells and play a role in homeostasis after inflammation challenge. Microglia involves in Neurodegenerative diseases, neuroinflammation and microglial activity are the common features of the neuropathy. Histamine is a biogenic amine acting as a major in the modulation of innate immune responses.  Source of histamine in brain includes neurons, mast cells, and microglia. Histamine regulates NO factor in SN microglial cells. Histamine modulates cytokine release and microglial migration. Histamine is viewed as the main player in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases and physiologic activities. Though all receptors (H1R, H2R, H3R, and H4R) are presented in the CNS, H3R is the treatment target for the psychiatric and neurologic disorder. H4R modulate the immune response to inflammation. No specific therapeutic agent is available to restore the damages as the disease is not understood. Effective drugs only reduce the severity of symptoms. They limit neuroinflammation in PD and MS patients. Chorionic neuroinflammation is very important in the onset and progression of the Neurodegenerative disease. Neuroinflammation is the supportive response in the brain, but too much inflammatory responses lead to neuronal regeneration inhibition. We aimed to explore the role of histamine in ROS production and modulate microglial function, phagocytosis action, increasing cell motility making to death of dopaminergic neural cells. Altogether, histamine as a target to make the new treatment for Neurodegenerative diseases.  }, Keywords = {Microglia, Neurodegenerative Diseases, Histamine}, volume = {6}, Number = {2}, pages = {216-216}, publisher = {Shefa Neuroscience Research Center}, title_fa = {P185: Survey Effect of Histamine on Microglia in Neurodegenerative Diseases}, abstract_fa ={لطفاً به چکیده انگلیسی مراجعه شود.}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1730-en.html}, eprint = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1730-en.pdf}, journal = {The Neuroscience Journal of Shefaye Khatam}, issn = {2322-1887}, eissn = {2345-4814}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {Tavassoli, Marziyeh and Ardjmand, Abolfazl}, title = {P186: Efeect of Morphine State-Dependent Memory on Pentylenetetrazole in the Rat}, abstract ={It has been shown that pre-test systemic administration of morphine was able to reverse memory impairment induced by pre- or post-training morphine in an inhibitory avoidance paradigm. Since the recall of the learned information is possible only if the subject is in the same state as during the encoding phase, this kind of learning is known as state-dependent learning. Several drugs have been demonstrated to replace the pre-testing effect of morphine on the restoration of memory. Pentylenetetrazole (PTZ) has been shown to affect many processes involved with central nervous system functions including memory. Considering the above variables, PTZ has been reported to impair or to enhance memory Several hypotheses have been proposed to explain the acute effects of PTZ on memory in the laboratory animals. Morphine (2.5, 5 and 7 mg/kg, i.p.) was administered as pre-/post-training and 24 h later as pre-test drug, and the latencies (Sec.) were measured for rats. PTZ (60 mg/kg, i.p.) was administered before the pre-test morphine. The step-through inhibitory apparatus in two train and test sessions were used for memory assessment. One-way ANOVA was used for studying the difference between the groups in step-through experiments. Post-training i.p. injection of morphine (2.5–5 and 7 mg/kg) dose dependently reduced the step-through latency, showing morphine-induced amnesia. Amnesia induced by post-training morphine was reversed by pre-test administration of morphine (2.5, 5 and 7 mg/kg, i.p.) and induced morphine-state-dependent learning. Pre-test injection of PTZ (60 mg/kg) by itself significantly impaired the memory retrieval (P<0.001). However, pre-test administration of PTZ potentiated morphine state-dependent learning (P<0.001). The results indicate that PTZ mechanism participate in the facilitation of morphine-induced recovery of memory, on the test day.  }, Keywords = {State Dependency, Learning & Memory, Morphine, PTZ}, volume = {6}, Number = {2}, pages = {217-217}, publisher = {Shefa Neuroscience Research Center}, title_fa = {P186: Efeect of Morphine State-Dependent Memory on Pentylenetetrazole in the Rat}, abstract_fa ={لطفاً به چکیده انگلیسی مراجعه شود.}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1731-en.html}, eprint = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1731-en.pdf}, journal = {The Neuroscience Journal of Shefaye Khatam}, issn = {2322-1887}, eissn = {2345-4814}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {Mousavinezhad-Moghaddam, Maryam and Behnam-Rassouli, Morteza and Rezaee, S.A. Rahim and Mahdavi-Shahri, Naser}, title = {P187: Dose-Dependent Delay of Wallerian Degeneration Induced by Dexamethasone after Sciatic Nerve Transection in Rat}, abstract ={Wallerian degeneration is an innate immune response which occurs after some kinds of nerve damages such as neurodegenerative disease and acute axonal injury. In clinic, dexamethasone as an anti-inflammatory drug has been used for many years to treat nerve injuries. In present study, we aimed to study the effects of various doses of dexamethasone on the Wallerian degeneration in rat. Twentyseven male Wistar rats were divided into three experimental groups; A, B and C (n=9). Right sciatic nerve was transected and animals in groups A and B were received intraperitoneally low dose (0.2 mg/kg/day) and high dose (2 mg/kg/day) of dexamethasone, respectively. The group C was considered as control (saline, 1ml/day). Five, 7 and 10 days after surgery, 3 rats in each group were sacrificed, the distal stump of sciatic nerves were collected and semi-thin sections were sampled for histological assessment. Morphometric analysis showed a significant increase in the number of myelinated nerve fibers and a significant decrease in the diameter of nerve in group B when compared with group C (P < 0.05 at days 5, 7 and 10), whereas there was no significant difference between groups A and C. Our findings suggest that dexamethasone treatment, in a dose dependent manner, reduce the severity of Wallerian degeneration and delay the clearance of myelin debris after peripheral nerve injury.}, Keywords = {Sciatic Nerve, Dexamethasone, Rat}, volume = {6}, Number = {2}, pages = {218-218}, publisher = {Shefa Neuroscience Research Center}, title_fa = {P187: Dose-Dependent Delay of Wallerian Degeneration Induced by Dexamethasone after Sciatic Nerve Transection in Rat}, abstract_fa ={لطفاً به چکیده انگلیسی مراجعه شود.}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1732-en.html}, eprint = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1732-en.pdf}, journal = {The Neuroscience Journal of Shefaye Khatam}, issn = {2322-1887}, eissn = {2345-4814}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {Saghi, Mehraneh and Jalili, Azam sadat}, title = {P188: The Role of Cryotherapy in Progression of Brain Stroke}, abstract ={Stroke is a leading cause of mortality and morbidity in developed countries and has increased incidence due to progression of average population age. Pharmalogical and mechanical reperfusion therapy, as primary therapeutic approaches, are only applicable to less than 10% of patients with a 50-70% efficacy. but about 90%of patients are severe restricted to these treatments. Glutamate excitotoxicity is associated to the deleterious effects of hyperthermia during the acute phase of brain stroke; therefore management of body temperature is becoming one of the most promising neuroprotective strategies during the acute phase of stroke for patients with resistance to routine treatment. on this subject researches have shown a direct correlation between increase Glutamate concentration in blood that is reflected in an increase of extracellular Glutamate levels on the ischemic brain. Glutamate-Oxaloacetate transaminase (GOT) is a blood-borne enzyme. Glutamate and Oxaloacetate are competitive substrates for this enzyme. so it seems that reduction of temperature or competitive inhibition of GOT, can eliminate Glutamate related damage in brain stroke.}, Keywords = {Glutamate, Cryotherapy, Brain Stroke}, volume = {6}, Number = {2}, pages = {219-219}, publisher = {Shefa Neuroscience Research Center}, title_fa = {P188: The Role of Cryotherapy in Progression of Brain Stroke}, abstract_fa ={لطفاً به چکیده انگلیسی مراجعه شود.}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1733-en.html}, eprint = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1733-en.pdf}, journal = {The Neuroscience Journal of Shefaye Khatam}, issn = {2322-1887}, eissn = {2345-4814}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {Ariaei, Melika and Emrani, Mohammad Ali}, title = {P189: The Role of Periodontitis in Alzheimer Pathogenesis}, abstract ={Alzheimer disease (AD), the most common cause of dementia, is an irreversible progressive neurodegenerative condition. It is characterized by the salient inflammatory features, microglial activation and increased levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines which contribute to the inflammatory states of the CNS. Accumulating data suggest the key role of inflammation in AD pathogenesis. In a prospective longstanding study, increased level of serum Tumor Necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) and C Reactive Protein (CRP) following both acute and chronic systemic inflammation is associated with cognitive decline in AD patients. Periodontitis is the most common oral infection which is initiated by gram-negative bacteria like spirochetes. It's associated with a raised serum pro-inflammatory state with increasing in (CRP), Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha, interleukin1 and interleukin6 levels. Periodontitis can lead to progression of the AD through two probable mechanisms; Pro-inflammatory cytokines produced by periodontopathic microorganisms and host response to a systemic/peripheral inflammation. Inflammatory molecules can pass the blood-brain barrier to activate microglia cells which results in neural damage. The second mechanism is due to brain invasion by microorganisms present in dental plaque biofilm. They can enter brain either through the bloodstream or via peripheral nerves. Although lacking causal relationship between periodontitis and AD, periodontitis may be accounted as one of the possible risk factors for perpetuating the neurodegenerative process of the AD. Cohort studies profiling the oral clinical pre-sensation with different cognitive functions and during the progression of the AD is needed to clarify this casual association.}, Keywords = {Periodontitis, Alzheimer, CNS}, volume = {6}, Number = {2}, pages = {220-220}, publisher = {Shefa Neuroscience Research Center}, title_fa = {P189: The Role of Periodontitis in Alzheimer Pathogenesis}, abstract_fa ={لطفاً به چکیده انگلیسی مراجعه شود.}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1734-en.html}, eprint = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1734-en.pdf}, journal = {The Neuroscience Journal of Shefaye Khatam}, issn = {2322-1887}, eissn = {2345-4814}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {SeyedAbbasi, Mahboobe and Zakariaee, Salman and Rahimiforoushani, Abbas}, title = {Estimation of Hemodynamic Response Function in the Brain and Brain Tumors: Comparison of Inverse Logistic and Canonical Hemodynamic Response Function Models}, abstract ={Introduction: The hemodynamic response function (HRF), reflecting cerebral blood flow in response to neural activity, plays a crucial role in the analysis of the brain data obtained by functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). In this study, a comparison of two statistical models was performed to evaluate HRF for block design. Materials and Methods: fMRI data from 3 patients with brain tumor were taken using a 3 Tesla scanner. Analysis of fMRI data was performed by the SPM12 toolbox in MATLAB software. The AIC, SBC and MSE indices were used to select the most convenient HRF mode. Results: Based on the simulation data, HRF estimated by canonical HRF model plus time derivations (TD) model was more consistent with simulated HRF. These models were evaluated on real data. The MSE, AIC and SBC indices were obtained for TD-logistic model (IL) models (for TD and logistic IL models; 0.052 /, 1235.1, 1223.9 and 0.068 / -1091.5 / - 1049.2, respectively). Based on the average values of T, W, H and model selection indicators, IL model for estimating HRF in healthy regions of the brain and brain tumor is a more appropriate approach. Conclusion: The results of the present study can be helpful for the evaluation and diagnosis of HRF in high-metabolism points. Using the IL model to estimate HRF in the block design may lead to a better estimation of HRF and thus maintaining patient health and quality of life after surgical treatment and non-surgical medical procedures.}, Keywords = {Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Logistic Models, Brain}, volume = {6}, Number = {3}, pages = {1-9}, publisher = {Shefa Neuroscience Research Center}, title_fa = {برآورد تابع پاسخ همودینامیک در مغز و تومورهای مغزی: مقایسه مدل‌های لجستیک معکوس و تابع پاسخ همودینامیک کانونی}, abstract_fa ={مقدمه: تابع پاسخ همودینامیک، منعکس کننده جریان خون مغزی در پاسخ به فعالیت‌های عصبی نقش مهمی در تجزیه و تحلیل اطلاعات مغزی به دست آمده توسط تصویربرداری تشدید مغناطیسی عملکردی دارد. در این مطالعه مقایسه دو مدل آماری جهت ارزیابی تابع پاسخ همودینامیک به روش بلوکی انجام گردیده است. مواد و روش‌ها: داده‌های تصویربرداری تشدید مغناطیسی عملکردی از 3 بیمار مبتلا به تومور مغزی در یک اسکنر 3 تسلا گرفته شد. تجزیه و تحلیل داده‌های تصویربرداری تشدید مغناطیسی عملکردی با استفاده از جعبه ابزار SPM12 در نرم‌افزار MATLAB انجام شد. شاخص‌های AIC، SBC و MSE جهت انتخاب بهترین مدل تابع پاسخ همودینامیک مورد استفاده قرار گرفتند. یافته‌ها: بر اساس داده‌های شبیه‌سازی، تابع پاسخ همودینامیک برآورد شده توسط مدل تابع پاسخ همودینامیک کانونی به‌علاوه مشتقات زمانی تطابق بیشتری با تابع پاسخ همودینامیک شبیه‌سازی شده داشت. این مدل‌ها بر روی داده‌های واقعی بررسی شد. شاخص‌های MSE، AIC و SBC برای مدل‌های تابع پاسخ همودینامیک کانونی به‌علاوه مشتقات زمانی و لجستیک معکوس (برای مدل‌های تابع پاسخ همودینامیک کانونی به‌علاوه مشتقات زمانی و لجستیک معکوس به ترتیب: 0/052، 1235/1، 1223/9 و 0/068، 1091/5-، 1049/5-) به دست آمد. بر اساس مقادیر متوسط T، W، H و شاخص‌های انتخاب مدل، لجستیک معکوس جهت برآورد تابع پاسخ همودینامیک در نواحی سالم مغز و تومور مغزی مدل مناسب‌تری می‌باشد. نتیجه‌گیری: نتایج مطالعه حاضر می‌تواند جهت بررسی و تشخیص تابع پاسخ همودینامیک در نقاط با متابولیسم بالا کمک کننده باشد. استفاده از مدل لجستیک معکوس جهت برآورد تابع پاسخ همودینامیک در روش بلوکی به بهتر برآورد شدن تابع پاسخ همودینامیک و در نتیجه حفظ سلامت بیمار و کیفیت زندگی پس از عمل جراحی و روش‌های غیر جراحی پزشکی منجر می‌شود.}, keywords_fa = {تصویربرداری تشدید مغناطیسی, مدل لجستیک, مغز}, doi = {10.29252/shefa.6.3.1}, url = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1746-en.html}, eprint = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1746-en.pdf}, journal = {The Neuroscience Journal of Shefaye Khatam}, issn = {2322-1887}, eissn = {2345-4814}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {Dehnavi, Saeed and ZadehMohammadi, Ali and Hashemi, Farnaz and Bajelan, Mahi}, title = {Effectiveness of Psychodrama based on Unity-oriented Therapeutic Approach on Resilience of Patients with Multiple Sclerosis}, abstract ={Introduction: Multiple sclerosis is a demyelinating disease of the central nervous system. This disease is the most common cause of disability in young age. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of psychodrama based on unity-oriented therapeutic approach on resilience of patients with multiple sclerosis. Materials and Methods: This study was a quasi-experimental research investigation, using pre- post and follow-up testing plan with a control group. Through a convenience sampling technique, a total of 20 individuals were selected among female patients with multiple sclerosis referring to Iranian Multiple Sclerosis Society. Then, the subjects were randomly placed into two control and experimental groups. The experimental group participated in a twelve-session unity-focused psychodrama therapy plan for 6 weeks, while the control group received no intervention. In order to collect data, the Connor-Davidson resilience scale (CD-RISC; 2003) was used. Results: The results revealed a significant difference between two groups for the post test and follow-up test scores. The psychodrama intervention based on unity-oriented therapeutic approach can be used as an effective modality to enhance a sense of resilience among patients with multiple sclerosis. Conclusion: Our findings suggest using psychodrama based on unity-oriented for improving mental condition of patients suffering from multiple sclerosis. The psychodrama based on unity-oriented therapeutic approach provides the integrity and acquisition of semantic knowledge about patients' negative experiences. Furthermore, this approach can foster the acceptance of illness, as of being connected with the world and a sense of immortality, among these patients.}, Keywords = {Psychodrama, Multiple Sclerosis, Central Nervous System}, volume = {6}, Number = {3}, pages = {10-18}, publisher = {Shefa Neuroscience Research Center}, title_fa = {اثربخشی روان ‌نمایشگری مبتنی بر رویکرد وحدت‌‌مدار بر تاب‌‌‌آوری بیماران مبتلا به مالتیپل اسکلروز}, abstract_fa ={مقدمه: مالتیپل اسکلروز یک بیماری میلین‌زدای سیستم عصبی مرکزی است. این بیماری رایج‌ترین علت ناتوان کننده در سنین جوانی است. هدف از این مطالعه تعیین اثربخشی روان ‌نمایشگری مبتنی بر رویکرد وحدت‌‌مدار بر تاب‌آوری بیماران مبتلا به مالتیپل اسکلروز بود. مواد و روش‌ها: این مطالعه یک مطالعه شبه آزمایشی با طرح پیش‌آزمون، پس‌آزمون و پیگیری همراه با گروه کنترل بود. با روش نمونه‌گیری در دسترس، 20 نفر از زنان مبتلا به مالتیپل اسکلروز که به انجمن مالتیپل اسکلروز ایران مراجعه می‌کردند، انتخاب شدند. بنابراین افراد به صورت تصادفی در دو گروه آزمایش و کنترل جایگزین شدند. گروه آزمایش به مدت 12 جلسه در طی 6 هفته در برنامه روان‌ نمایشگری وحدت‌‌مدار شرکت کردند، در حالی که گروه کنترل مداخله‌ای دریافت نکرد. به‌منظور گردآوری داده‌ها، پرسشنامه مقیاس تاب‌آوری کانر -دیویدسون (2003) استفاده شد. یافته‌ها: نتایج نشان داد تفاوت معنی‌داری بین دو گروه برای نمرات پس‌آزمون و پیگیری وجود دارد. مداخله روان ‌نمایشگری مبتنی بر رویکرد وحدت‌‌مدار در بهبود تاب‌آوری می‌تواند به‌عنوان یک روش مؤثر برای افزایش حس انعطاف‌پذیری در میان بیماران مبتلا به مالتیپل اسکلروز مورد استفاده قرار گیرد. نتیجه‌گیری: یافته‌ها استفاده از روان نمایشگری مبتنی بر رویکرد وحدت‌مدار جهت بهبود وضعیت روانی مبتلایان به مالتیپل اسکلروز را پیشنهاد می‌دهد. روان نمایشگری مبتنی بر رویکرد وحدت‌‌مدار یکپارچگی و معنابخشی به تجارب تلخ بیماران را فراهم می‌کند. علاوه بر این، این رویکرد می‌تواند پذیرش بیماری به‌عنوان اتصال به عالم یگانه و احساس جاودانگی در میان این بیماران را تسهیل کند.}, keywords_fa = {روان‌نمایشگری, مالتیپل اسکلروز, سیستم عصبی مرکزی}, doi = {10.29252/shefa.6.3.10}, url = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1744-en.html}, eprint = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1744-en.pdf}, journal = {The Neuroscience Journal of Shefaye Khatam}, issn = {2322-1887}, eissn = {2345-4814}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {Esmaili, Kimia and Amini, Kumarss}, title = {Detection of Human Herpes Virus Type 6 and Varicella Zoster Virus in the Urine of Patients with Multiple Sclerosis in Kerman Province, Iran}, abstract ={Introduction: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a demyelinating disease of the CNS in which autoimmunity to myelin plays a role in pathogenesis. Infection with common viruses, particularly varicella zoster virus (VZV) and Human herpesvirus 6 (HHV-6) are postulated to contribute to the pathobiology of MS. The aim of this study was to detect of HHV-6 and VZV in the urine samples of patients with MS in the Kerman province, Iran. Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, a total of 60 non-repetitive urine samples from patients with MS and 60 urine samples from healthy people without any neurological disease and urinary tract infection were collected. The infection with HHV- 6 and VZV were investigated using multiplex PCR method. Results: Of the 60 urine samples obtained from MS patients, 23 (13.8%) and 7 (4.2%) were positive for HHV-6 and VZV, respectively. VZV and HHV-6 were not detected simultaneously in any of obtained samples. HHV-6 and VZV were not found in any samples obtained from healthy people. Conclusion: The prevalence of HHV-6 and VZV viruses in MS patients is high, which may suggest an association between MS and the presence of these viruses in this region.}, Keywords = {Multiple Sclerosis, Herpesvirus 6, Human, Multiplex Polymerase Chain Reaction, Autoimmunity}, volume = {6}, Number = {3}, pages = {19-24}, publisher = {Shefa Neuroscience Research Center}, title_fa = {شناسایی هرپس ویروس انسانی تیپ 6 و ویروس واریسلا –زوستر در ادرار بیماران مبتلا به مالتیپل اسکلروز در استان کرمان، ایران}, abstract_fa ={مقدمه: مالتیپل اسکلروز بیماری دمیلینه کننده سیستم عصبی مرکزی است که خودایمنی علیه میلین در بیماریزایی آن نقش دارد. عفونت با ویروس‌‌های شایع خصوصاً ویروس واریسلا –زوستر و ویروس هرپس ویروس انسانی تیپ 6 در پاتوبیولوژی مالتیپل اسکلروز تأیید شده است. هدف از این مطالعه شناسایی ویروس هرپس ویروس انسانی تیپ 6 و ویروس واریسلا –زوستر در نمونه ادرار بیماران مبتلا به مالتیپل اسکلروز در استان کرمان، ایران بود. مواد و روش‌ها: در این مطالعه توصیفی –مقطعی تعداد 60 نمونه ادرار غیرتکراری از بیماران مبتلا به مالتیپل اسکلروز و 60 نمونه ادرار از افراد سالم فاقد هرگونه بیماری نورولوژیک و عفونت دستگاه ادراری جمع‌آوری گردید. آلودگی به ویروس هرپس ویروس انسانی تیپ 6 و ویروس واریسلا –زوستر با روش PCR چندگانه مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. یافته‌ها: از تعداد 60 نمونه ادرار به دست آمده از بیماران مبتلا به مالتیپل اسکلروز، تعداد 23 (13/8 درصد) و 7 (4/2 درصد) به ترتیب برای ویروس هرپس ویروس انسانی تیپ 6 و ویروس واریسلا –زوستر مثبت بودند. ویروس واریسلا –زوستر و ویروس هرپس ویروس انسانی تیپ 6 به طور همزمان در هیچ یک از نمونه‌های به دست آمده شناسایی نشدند. ویروس هرپس ویروس انسانی تیپ 6 و ویروس واریسلا –زوستر در هیچ یک از نمونه‌های به دست آمده از افراد سالم یافت نشدند. نتیجه‌گیری: فراوانی ویروس هرپس ویروس انسانی تیپ 6 و ویروس واریسلا –زوستر در بیماران مبتلا به مالتیپل اسکلروز بالا است که ممکن است ارتباط بین مالتیپل اسکلروز و حضور این ویروس‌ها در این ناحیه را نشان دهد.}, keywords_fa = {مالتیپل اسکلروز, ویروس هرپس انسانی تیپ 6, واکنش زنجیره‌ای پلیمراز چندگانه, خودایمنی}, doi = {10.29252/shefa.6.3.19}, url = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1745-en.html}, eprint = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1745-en.pdf}, journal = {The Neuroscience Journal of Shefaye Khatam}, issn = {2322-1887}, eissn = {2345-4814}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {Madanifard, Mehdi and Mazaheri, Mehrdad and Bigdeli, Imanolah}, title = {Evaluation of the Neurocognitive and Emotional Functions in Addicts Treated with Methadone and Buprenorphine}, abstract ={Introduction: Cognitive and emotional factors play a crucial role in addiction treatment. The aims of this study was to evaluate cognitive emotional regulation and neurocognitive functioning in addicts treated with methadone and buprenorphine. Materials and Methods: The current study was a cross-sectional and causal-comparative study. Statistical population of this research include all men of maintenance substance treatment. The population evaluated in this study consisted of 50 patients treated with methadone and 50 patients treated with buprenorphine in Mashhad Addiction Recovery Center during 2016. The Barkley deficits in Executive Functioning Scale (BDEFS) and Garnofsky's Emotion Regulation Scale were evaluated for all individuals. Data analysis was performed using descriptive indicators and independent t-test. Results: The results showed that the mean score in the cognitive emotion regulation scale of the buprenorphine-treated group were higher than the methadone-treated group. In contrast, the methadone-treated group received a significant higher score in BDEFS test compared to the buprenorphine group. Conclusion: Although both methadone and buprenorphine lead to a reduction in neurocognitive functioning and emotion regulation, buprenorphine seems to be a better drug to preserve cognitive function during treatment of addiction. }, Keywords = {Methadone, Buprenorphine, Emotions}, volume = {6}, Number = {3}, pages = {25-34}, publisher = {Shefa Neuroscience Research Center}, title_fa = {ارزیابی کارکردهای عصب‌شناختی و هیجانی در معتادان تحت درمان با متادون و بوپرنورفین}, abstract_fa ={مقدمه: عوامل عصب‌شناختی و هیجانی نقش مهمی در درمان معتادان ایفاء می‌کنند. هدف از این مطالعه ارزیابی تنظیم شناختی هیجان و کارکردهای عصب‌شناختی در معتادان تحت درمان متادون و بوپرنورفین بود. مواد و روش‌ها: پژوهش حاضر یک مطالعه مقطعی و علّی –مقایسه‌ای بود. جامعه آماری این پژوهش شامل همه مردان تحت درمان با مواد نگهدارنده می‌باشد. جمعیت مورد بررسی در این مطالعه 50 بیمار تحت درمان با متادون و 50 بیمار تحت درمان با بوپرنورفین در مرکز ترک اعتیاد مشهد در سال 1395 بودند. همه افراد با آزمون‌های نارسایی کنش‌وری اجرایی بارکلی و تنظیم شناختی هیجان گارنفسکی ارزیابی شدند. تجزیه و تحلیل داده‌ها با استفاده از شاخص‌های توصیفی و آزمون تی مستقل انجام گرفت. یافته‌ها: نتایج نشان داد که میانگین نمرات در آزمون‌های تنظیم شناختی هیجان گروه تحت درمان با بوپرنورفین از گروه تحت درمان با متادون بالاتر می‌باشد. در مقابل گروه تحت درمان با متادون به طور معنی‌داری نمرات بالاتری در آزمون نارسایی کنش‌وری اجرایی در مقایسه با گروه بوپرنورفین دریافت کرد. نتیجه‌گیری: اگرچه متادون و بوپرنورفین منجر به نقصان در کنش‌های عصب اجرایی و تنظیم هیجانی می‌گردند، اما به نظر می‌رسد بوپرنورفین برای حفظ کارکردهای شناختی در طول درمان معتادان داروی بهتری باشد. }, keywords_fa = {متادون, بوپرنورفین, هیجانات}, doi = {10.29252/shefa.6.3.25}, url = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1743-en.html}, eprint = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1743-en.pdf}, journal = {The Neuroscience Journal of Shefaye Khatam}, issn = {2322-1887}, eissn = {2345-4814}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {Sabaghi, Ayoob and Heyrani, Ali and Kiani, Amir and Yousofvand, Namdar}, title = {Effect of Aerobic Training During Pregnancy on Seizure-Induced Depression- in Mouse}, abstract ={Introduction: Depression during pregnancy is not uncommon. In addition, depression is more common in patients suffering from epilepsy. Aerobic activity has been reported to alleviate depression. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of aerobic training during pregnancy on seizure-induced depression. Materials and Methods: Pregnant mice were randomly divided to control, sham, and experiment groups. The pentylenetetrazol (PTZ) kindling was induced on days 14 to19 after pregnancy in the experiment group. Experiment group was divided to mice with and without aerobic activities. Aerobic activity was performed every day during pregnancy. The rate of depression in pregnant mice was measured between the 14th and 19th days of pregnancy once in 48 hours and two hours after PTZ injection. Results: Treatment with aerobic training significantly decreased seizure-induced depression as well as seizure severity in pregnant mice. Conclusion: The present study showed that aerobic training during pregnancy is positively associated with decreasing depression and severity of seizure in PTZ-treated mice.}, Keywords = {Exercise, Pregnancy, Seizures, Depression}, volume = {6}, Number = {3}, pages = {35-42}, publisher = {Shefa Neuroscience Research Center}, title_fa = {تأثیر تمرین هوازی در دوران بارداری بر میزان افسردگی القا شده ناشی از تشنج در موش سوری}, abstract_fa ={مقدمه: افسردگی در دوران بارداری غیر معمول نیست. علاوه بر این افسردگی در بیماران مبتلا به صرع رایج‌تر است. گزارش شده است که فعالیت هوازی سبب کاهش افسردگی می‌شود. هدف از این مطالعه بررسی تأثیر تمرین هوازی در دوران بارداری بر میزان افسردگی القا شده ناشی از تشنج بود. مواد و روش‌ها: موش‌های سوری باردار به صورت تصادفی به گروه‌های کنترل، شم و آزمایش تقسیم‌بندی شدند. پنتیلن تترازول در فاصلۀ روزهای چهاردهم تا نوزدهم بارداری به گروه آزمایش القا شد. گروه آزمایش به موش‌های سوری با و بدون فعالیت هوازی تقسیم شدند. فعالیت هوازی هر روز در طول بارداری انجام شد. میزان افسردگی موش‌های باردار در فاصله روزهای چهاردهم تا نوزدهم بارداری هر 48 ساعت یکبار و دو ساعت پس از تزریق پنتیلن تترازول اندازه گیری شد. یافته‌ها: درمان با تمرین هوازی به صورت معنی‌داری سبب کاهش افسردگی القا شده ناشی از تشنج و همچنین شدت تشنج در موش‌های باردار شد. نتیجه‌گیری: مطالعه حاضر نشان داد که تمرین هوازی در دوران بارداری با کاهش افسردگی و شدت تشنج در موش‌های سوری تحت درمان با پنتیلن تترازول مرتبط می‌باشد.}, keywords_fa = {تمرین, بارداری, تشنج, افسردگی}, doi = {10.29252/shefa.6.3.35}, url = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1748-en.html}, eprint = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1748-en.pdf}, journal = {The Neuroscience Journal of Shefaye Khatam}, issn = {2322-1887}, eissn = {2345-4814}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {MohammadNia, Saeed and Mashhadi, Ali}, title = {The Effect of Meaning of life on the Relationship between Attitude toward Substance Abuse and Depression}, abstract ={Introduction: Today, substance abuse is assumed as a chronic disease. Depression is one of the causes of attitude toward substance abuse in youth. In addition, substance abuse can be a direct result of the lack of meaning in life. There is a negative relationship between the lack of meaning in life and depression. The main goal of this study was to test the role of meaning of life on the relationship between attitude toward substance abuse and depression in students. Materials and Methods: Method of this study was descriptive-correlational and samples were selected through a random sampling method. Results: A significant negative relationship has been observed between depression and the meaning in life. Furthermore, there was a significant negative correlation between the meaning of life and the attitude toward substance abuse. The results supported the effect of meaning in life on the relationship between depression and attitude toward substance abuse. Conclusion: There is a two-way relationship between depression and meaning in life. Depression, due to various causes, lead to reduced meaning in life. In turn, decreased meaning in life leads to feeling of disorientation and subsequently to substance abuse.}, Keywords = {Depression, Substance-Related Disorders, Chronic Disease}, volume = {6}, Number = {3}, pages = {43-51}, publisher = {Shefa Neuroscience Research Center}, title_fa = {تأثیر معنای زندگی در رابطه بین نگرش نسبت به مصرف مواد مخدر و افسردگی}, abstract_fa ={مقدمه: امروزه سوء‌مصرف مواد به‌عنوان یک بیماری مزمن مطرح شده است. یکی از علت‌های نگرش نسبت به سوء‌مصرف مواد در جوانان افسردگی است. علاوه بر این سوء‌مصرف مواد می‌تواند نتیجه مستقیم فقدان معنا در زندگی باشد. بین افسردگی و فقدان معنا در زندگی یک رابطه منفی وجود دارد. هدف اصلی این مطالعه بررسی نقش معنای زندگی در ارتباط بین نگرش نسبت به سوء‌مصرف مواد و افسردگی در دانشجویان بود. مواد و روش‌ها: روش این مطالعه از نوع توصیفی _همبستگی بود و نمونه‌ها از طریق روش نمونه‌گیری تصادفی انتخاب شدند. یافته‌ها: بین افسردگی و معنای زندگی رابطه منفی معنی‌داری مشاهده شد. همچنین همبستگی منفی معنی‌داری بین معنای زندگی و نگرش نسبت به سوء‌مصرف مواد وجود داشت. نتایج حاکی از تأثیر معنای زندگی در ارتباط بین افسردگی و نگرش نسبت به سوء‌مصرف مواد است. نتیجه‌گیری: یک ارتباط دو سویه بین افسردگی و معنای زندگی وجود دارد. افسردگی در نتیجه عوامل مختلف منجر به کاهش معنای زندگی می‎‌شود. به نوبه خود، کاهش معنای زندگی منجر به احساسات مخرب و متعاقباً سوء‌مصرف مواد می‌گردد.}, keywords_fa = {افسردگی, اختلالات مرتبط با مواد, بیماری مزمن}, doi = {10.29252/shefa.6.3.43}, url = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1747-en.html}, eprint = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1747-en.pdf}, journal = {The Neuroscience Journal of Shefaye Khatam}, issn = {2322-1887}, eissn = {2345-4814}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {Khojasteh, Mohammad Reza and ShariatRazavi, Ali and Javadzadeh, Aida and Gorji, Ali and SahabNegah, Saj}, title = {Cell Therapy: A Therapeutic Option for Multiple Sclerosis}, abstract ={Introduction: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune disease of the central nervous system (CNS) that can cause demyelination and axonal damage. There are different therapeutic approaches for MS, including administration of interferon-β, Glatiramer Acetate, Natalizumab, Fingolimod, and other immune-modulating agents. Currently approved MS treatments primarily decrease CNS inflammation. Noticeably, the unsolved challenge in the MS field is to advance neuroprotective and remyelinating approaches for the treatment of MS patients. Treatment strategies to prevent tissue damage and/or enhance remyelination and axonal regeneration are seriously needed. Conclusion: Recently application of stem cell therapy for MS therapy has created a lot of hopes to treat MS patients. Several studies have been shown that stem cell therapy has immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory effects in brain tissue. In this review, we have explained the properties of different types of stem cells and their role in the treatment of MS.}, Keywords = {Multiple Sclerosis, Stem Cells, Remyelination, Central Nervous System}, volume = {6}, Number = {3}, pages = {52-68}, publisher = {Shefa Neuroscience Research Center}, title_fa = {سلول درمانی: یک راهکار درمانی برای مالتیپل اسکلروز}, abstract_fa ={مقدمه: مالتیپل اسکلروز یک بیماری خود ایمنی سیستم عصبی مرکزی است که موجب دمیلینه شدن و آسیب به آکسون می شود. روش‌های درمانی متفاوتی از جمله: تجویز اینترفرون β، گلاتیرامراستات، ناتالیزوماب فینگولیمود و سایر عوامل تعدیل‌کننده سیستم ایمنی برای مالتیپل اسکلروز وجود دارد. در حال حاضر درمان پذیرفته شده برای مالتیپل اسکلروز در درجه اول کاهش التهاب سیستم عصبی مرکزی است. به طور قابل توجهی چالش حل نشده در زمینه مالتیپل اسکلروز پیشروی به سوی روش درمانی محافظت از نورون‌ها و میلین‌سازی مجدد برای درمان بیماران مبتلا به مالتیپل اسکلروز است. راهبردهای درمانی برای جلوگیری از آسیب بافتی و یا افزایش میلین‌سازی مجدد و بازسازی آکسونی به طور جدی مورد نیاز است. نتیجه‌گیری: اخیراً کاربرد سلول‌ درمانی برای درمان مالتیپل اسکلروز امید زیادی را جهت درمان بیماران مبتلا به مالتیپل اسکلروز ایجاد کرده است. چندین مطالعه نشان داده است که سلول‌ درمانی تأثیرات ضد التهابی و تعدیل‌کننده ایمنی در بافت مغز دارد. در این مطالعه مروری ما ویژگی های انواع سلول‌های بنیادی و نقش آن‌ها در درمان مالتیپل اسکلروز را توضیح داده‌ایم.}, keywords_fa = {مالتیپل اسکلروز, سلول‌های بنیادی, میلین‌سازی مجدد, سیستم عصبی مرکزی}, doi = {10.29252/shefa.6.3.52}, url = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1742-en.html}, eprint = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1742-en.pdf}, journal = {The Neuroscience Journal of Shefaye Khatam}, issn = {2322-1887}, eissn = {2345-4814}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {Aminian, Atefeh and Noorbakhsh, Farshi}, title = {Proteinase-Activated Receptors in The Nervous System: Physiological and Pathological Aspects}, abstract ={Introduction: Proteinase-activated receptors (PARs), a family of four G protein-coupled receptors, are characterized by their unique activation mechanism which involves the proteolytic unmasking of a tethered ligand. To date, four PARs receptors have been discovered in human and mammals. All four members of the PARs family are expressed in the nervous system, where they have been shown to affect neural cell morphology, proliferation, and function. Furthermore, PARs play significant roles in degenerative and neuroinflammatory diseases, including Alzheimer’s disease, multiple sclerosis, HIV-associated dementia, and stroke. The widespread distribution of PARs in the nervous system and their potential roles in different disorders make them attractive therapeutic targets for neurological diseases. Conclusion: In this review we summarize the roles of PARs in the central and peripheral nervous systems in the physiological setting as well as in pathological conditions.}, Keywords = {Receptors, Proteinase-Activated, Thrombin, Central Nervous System}, volume = {6}, Number = {3}, pages = {69-78}, publisher = {Shefa Neuroscience Research Center}, title_fa = {گیرنده‌های فعال شونده با پروتئیناز در سیستم عصبی، جنبه‌های فیزیولوژی و پاتولوژی}, abstract_fa ={مقدمه: گیرنده‌های فعال شونده با پروتئیناز، خانواده‌ای متشکل از 4 گیرنده متصل شونده به G پروتئین هستند که با مکانیسم فعالسازی خاص آن‌ها مشخص می‌شود و مستلزم آشکار شدن لیگاند فعال کننده پروتئولیتیک است. تا به امروز چهار گیرنده PAR در انسان و پستانداران کشف شده است. هر چهار عضو خانواده PAR در سیستم عصبی بیان شده‌اند، جایی که نشان داده شده است، بر ریخت‌شناسی، تکثیر و عملکرد سلول عصبی تأثیر دارند. به‌علاوه  PARها در بیماری‌های التهابی و تحلیل برنده عصبی مانند بیماری آلزایمر، مالتیپل اسکلروز، دمانس ناشی از HIV و سکته‌های مغزی نقش معنی‌داری دارند. توزیع گسترده  PAR‌ها در سیستم عصبی و نقش آن‌ها در اختلالات مختلف، آن‌ها را به اهداف درمانی مناسبی برای اختلالات عصبی تبدیل نموده است. نتیجه‌گیری: در این مقاله ما نقش  PAR‌ها در سیستم عصبی محیطی و مرکزی در شرایط فیزیولوژی و نیز شرایط پاتولوژیک را مرور می‌کنیم.}, keywords_fa = {گیرنده‌های فعال شونده با پروتئیناز, ترومبین, سیستم عصبی مرکزی}, doi = {10.29252/shefa.6.3.69}, url = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1738-en.html}, eprint = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1738-en.pdf}, journal = {The Neuroscience Journal of Shefaye Khatam}, issn = {2322-1887}, eissn = {2345-4814}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {TeymuriKheravi, Mostafa and SaberiKakhki, Alireza and Darainy, Mohammad and Sarhadi, Sara and Rastegar, Zeynab}, title = {Motor Control Theories: Providing an Integrated Structural Model Based on Common Concepts}, abstract ={Introduction: Several investigations on the mechanism of motor control and learning leads to multiple theories in this field. The purpose of this study was to examine these theories and integrate them into a conceptual model for a better understanding of motor control and learning. Conclusion: A series of motor control studies have demonstrated that many movements, especially reaching movement that requires high final position accuracy, consist of two acceleration and deceleration phases. Review of some motor control theories show that they are consist of two parts so that each one controls a particular part of the reaching movement by different mechanisms. Integrating these theories, based on the neural structures involved at each stage, provides a comprehensive understanding of how to control the movement. We suggest conceptual integrated model.}, Keywords = {Brain, Functional Laterality, Movement, Psychomotor Performance}, volume = {6}, Number = {3}, pages = {79-90}, publisher = {Shefa Neuroscience Research Center}, title_fa = {نظریه‌های کنترل حرکتی: ارائه یک مدل ساختاری یکپارچه بر اساس مفاهیم مشترک}, abstract_fa ={مقدمه: مطالعات بسیاری بر روی مکانیسم کنترل و یادگیری حرکتی انجام شده که منجر به نظریه‌های متعددی در این زمینه شده است. هدف از مطالعه حاضر بررسی این نظریه‌ها و یکپارچه کردن آن‌ها در قالب یک مدل مفهومی جهت درک بهتر کنترل و یادگیری حرکتی بود. نتیجه‌گیری: برخی از مطالعات کنترل حرکتی نشان داده است که اکثر حرکات به‌ویژه حرکات دسترسی که به دقت بالایی نیاز دارند، شامل دو بخش افزایش شتاب و کاهش شتاب می‌باشند. مرور برخی از نظریه‌های کنترل حرکتی نشان می‌دهد که آن‌ها شامل دو بخش هستند که هر یک از آن‌ها بخش‌ خاصی از حرکت دسترسی را به صورت جداگانه و با مکانیسم‌های متفاوت کنترل می‌کند. یکپارچه کردن این نظریه‌ها بر اساس ساختارهای عصبی درگیر در هر مرحله یک درک جامع از چگونگی کنترل حرکتی فراهم می‌کند. ما مدل یکپارچه مفهومی را پیشنهاد می‌کنیم.}, keywords_fa = {مغز, برتری یافتگی کارکردی, حرکت, عملکرد روانشناختی حرکتی}, doi = {10.29252/shefa.6.3.79}, url = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1739-en.html}, eprint = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1739-en.pdf}, journal = {The Neuroscience Journal of Shefaye Khatam}, issn = {2322-1887}, eissn = {2345-4814}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {HadizadeAsar, Sanaz and Hosseini-Sharifabad, Mohammad and Yadegari, Maryam}, title = {Effects of Methamphetamine Toxicity on the Nervous System}, abstract ={Introduction: Methamphetamine (METH) is a drug which is highly addictive, psychoactive and hallucinogenic. Besides marijuana, it is the second widely-used drug all over the world, especially by young people and adolescents. The wide use of METH has opened a new era in social problems. It has been proved that these compounds have toxic effects on the central nervous system. Regular use of METH can damage the dopaminergic and serotonergic synaptic network in different parts of the brain. Memory and learning disorders, anxiety and depression as well as motor disorders, such as Parkinson's disease, are among the toxic side-effects of the drug on the neuronal system. In addition, evidence suggests that this compound can cause schizophrenia, cognitive disturbances, and motor disorders in some consumers. In spite of the devastating effects caused by METH, the exact mechanism of action has not been understood yet, which has created a major challenge to the treatment strategies. Conclusion: Today, using METH is highly increasing among the youth and teenagers. Sufficient knowledge and awareness on the catastrophic and irreversible side-effects of this drug can prevent serious harm to the public health.}, Keywords = {Methamphetamine, Central Nervous System, Peripheral Nervous System}, volume = {6}, Number = {3}, pages = {91-99}, publisher = {Shefa Neuroscience Research Center}, title_fa = {اثرات سمّیت متامفتامین بر سیستم عصبی}, abstract_fa ={مقدمه: متامفتامین دارویی است که بسیار اعتیادآور، توهم‌زا و سایکواکتیو است. در کنار ماری‌جوانا دومین ماده مخدری است که به طور وسیعی در سراسر جهان به‌ویژه توسط جوانان و نوجوانان مورد استفاده قرار می‌گیرد. مصرف گسترده متامفتامین باب جدیدی در آسیب‌های اجتماعی گشوده است. مشخص شده است که این ترکیبات دارای اثرات سمی بر سیستم عصبی مرکزی هستند. مصرف مکرر متامفتامین سبب آسیب به پایانه‌های عصبی دوپامینرژیک و سروتونرژیک در نواحی مختلف مغز شود. اختلال در حافظه و یادگیری، اضطراب و افسردگی و نیز اختلالات حرکتی نظیر بیماری پارکینسون از جمله اثرات سمی این دارو بر سیستم عصبی هستند. علاوه بر این شواهد نشان می‌دهد که این ترکیب می‌تواند باعث اسکیزوفرنی، اختلالات شناختی و اختلالات حرکتی در برخی از مصرف‌کنندگان شود. علی‌رغم عوارض مخرب ایجاد شده توسط متامفتامین، مکانیسم اثر این ماده هنوز شناسایی نشده و چالش بزرگی جهت راهکارهای درمانی به وجود آورده است. نتیجه‌گیری: امروزه مصرف متامفتامین به‌شدت در بین جوانان و نوجوانان در حال افزایش است. دانش و آگاهی کافی پیرامون عوارض فاجعه‌بار و جبران‌ناپذیر این دارو می‌تواند از آسیب‌های جدی بر سلامت عمومی پیشگیری کند.}, keywords_fa = {متامفتامین, سیستم عصبی مرکزی, سیستم عصبی محیطی}, doi = {10.29252/shefa.6.3.91}, url = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1740-en.html}, eprint = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1740-en.pdf}, journal = {The Neuroscience Journal of Shefaye Khatam}, issn = {2322-1887}, eissn = {2345-4814}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {}, title = {Abstract book of the 6th International Epilepsy Symposium}, abstract ={The Supplement of the Neuroscience Journal of Shefaye Khatam.}, Keywords = {}, volume = {6}, Number = {3}, pages = {0-0}, publisher = {Shefa Neuroscience Research Center}, title_fa = {Abstract book of the 6th International Epilepsy Symposium}, abstract_fa ={.The Supplement of the Neuroscience Journal of Shefaye Khatam}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1822-en.html}, eprint = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1822-en.pdf}, journal = {The Neuroscience Journal of Shefaye Khatam}, issn = {2322-1887}, eissn = {2345-4814}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {Engel, Jerome}, title = {O1: Overview of Surgical Treatment for Epilepsy}, abstract ={Epilepsy is one of the most serious primary disorders of the brain, and pharmacotherapy is unsuccessful in controlling seizures in 30-40% of patients with this disease. It is estimated that four million people worldwide with pharmacoresistant epilepsy might be candidates for a surgical procedure that could stop disabling seizures in 60-80%. However, only a small proportion of these patients are referred for surgery, even in industrialized countries. Surgical treatment for epilepsy is arguably the most underutilized of all accepted therapeutic interventions in the field of medicine. Furthermore, when patients are referred for surgery, there is an average duration of over 20 years between onset and surgical referral in the United States, and this figure is not much different in other industrialized countries. In theory, for many of these patients, early surgical intervention could prevent a lifetime of disability.  Two randomized controlled trials, and hundreds of uncontrolled surgical series confirm the safety and efficacy of surgical treatment for epilepsy, and a practice parameter, issued by the American Academy of Neurology in 2003, concluded that surgery is the treatment of choice for medically intractable temporal lobe epilepsy. Surgery is also effective for a number of other surgically remediable epilepsy syndromes with a known pathophysiology, a predictable natural history, and progressive features. These include epilepsies due to well-circumscribed resectable lesions, and epilepsies in infants and young children due to large or diffuse lesions limited to one hemisphere. Tremendous recent advances in presurgical evaluation, particularly in neuroimaging, as well as microsurgical techniques, have greatly improved outcome, increased the number of patients who could be considered surgical candidates, and made surgery feasible in countries with limited resources. Surgical procedures consist of standardized resections, tailored resections, disconnection surgery, stereotactic ablative surgery, most recently including laser ablation, and both continuous and responsive neurostimulation. Recent studies of outcome have focused not only on seizure freedom, but also the beneficial effects of surgery on quality of life, cognitive and social function, and reduced morbidity and mortality. Surgical complications are rare, compared with the adverse consequences of uncontrolled epileptic seizures.}, Keywords = {Epilepsy, Treatment, Children}, volume = {6}, Number = {3}, pages = {1-1}, publisher = {Shefa Neuroscience Research Center}, title_fa = {O1: Overview of Surgical Treatment for Epilepsy}, abstract_fa ={لطفاً به چکیده انگلیسی مراجعه شود.}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1778-en.html}, eprint = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1778-en.pdf}, journal = {The Neuroscience Journal of Shefaye Khatam}, issn = {2322-1887}, eissn = {2345-4814}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {Pakdaman, Hossei}, title = {O2: Epilepsy Lifetime Prevalence in Iran: A Population-Based National Study Survey}, abstract ={Epilepsy is a worldwide, chronic, multifactorial neurological disorders affecting over 50 million people. The mean prevalence of active epilepsy in developed countries varies between 4 and 10 per 1000, higher prevalence has been reported in developing countries. Some studies that have been conducted in Iran, where small, assessed epilepsy in separate cities and had some disadvantage. Regard to development of Iran, frequent car accident and war victims it seems that the prevalence of epilepsy is high in the country. This is a cross-sectional population based nationwide study that has performed to estimate the lifetime prevalence of epilepsy in 70000 Iranian residences. Iran has the highest prevalence of long life, epilepsy that 2-3 more than the overall worldwide estimation. Partial seizure is the most common type in Iran. It seems a considerable portion of patients are under control. Overall prevalence is equal in both genders. In early life and middle is more common in males.}, Keywords = {National Study, Prevalence, Epilepsy, Iran}, volume = {6}, Number = {3}, pages = {2-2}, publisher = {Shefa Neuroscience Research Center}, title_fa = {O2: Epilepsy Lifetime Prevalence in Iran: A Population-Based National Study Survey}, abstract_fa ={لطفاً به چکیده انگلیسی مراجعه شود.}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1779-en.html}, eprint = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1779-en.pdf}, journal = {The Neuroscience Journal of Shefaye Khatam}, issn = {2322-1887}, eissn = {2345-4814}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {Wolf, Peter}, title = {O3: Epilepsy and the Sensory Systems}, abstract ={The relations of epilepsy and the sensory systems are numerous and deserve more attention than they have gotten so far. Epileptic seizures use sensory pathways causing not only momentary but also potentially long-lasting symptoms, and certain sensory functions such as olfaction may be affected in epilepsy by still insufficiently known mechanisms. However, altered sensory functions in patients with epilepsy may also be side effects of drug treatment. Nevertheless, several sensory systems may be strongly involved in seizure-generating mechanisms, with both excitatory and inhibit­ory effects. Recent research has made important contributions to the understanding of these processes.}, Keywords = {Epilepsy, Sensory Systems, Numerous}, volume = {6}, Number = {3}, pages = {3-3}, publisher = {Shefa Neuroscience Research Center}, title_fa = {O3: Epilepsy and the Sensory Systems}, abstract_fa ={لطفاً به چکیده انگلیسی مراجعه شود.}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1780-en.html}, eprint = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1780-en.pdf}, journal = {The Neuroscience Journal of Shefaye Khatam}, issn = {2322-1887}, eissn = {2345-4814}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {Wellmer, Jorg}, title = {O4: Decision Making in Adult Epilepsy Surgery}, abstract ={In case of pharmacoresistance of focal epilepsy, patients may benefit from surgical removal, deafferentiation or coagulation of the epileptogenic zone. The algorithm for identifying the epileptogenic zone and the application of different examination techniques have to be tailored for each individual patient. This lecture demonstrates the principles of presurgical work-up in adult epilepsy patients.}, Keywords = {Patients, Epilepsy, Adult}, volume = {6}, Number = {3}, pages = {4-4}, publisher = {Shefa Neuroscience Research Center}, title_fa = {O4: Decision Making in Adult Epilepsy Surgery}, abstract_fa ={لطفاً به چکیده انگلیسی مراجعه شود.}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1781-en.html}, eprint = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1781-en.pdf}, journal = {The Neuroscience Journal of Shefaye Khatam}, issn = {2322-1887}, eissn = {2345-4814}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {Bahrami, Parviz}, title = {O5: Frontal Lobe Epilepsy}, abstract ={While frontal lobe epilepsy accounts for only 10-20% of patients in surgical series, the prevalence in non-surgical cohorts is probably higher. Frontal lobe epilepsy (FLE) probably represents 20-30% of partial seizures. Clinical diagnosis: The seizures which most of the time occur without warning, are often short and are followed by very rapid recovery. They frequently occur from sleep, and may occur in clusters of 5-6 or more per night, usually with partial recovery between, but status epilepticus is also common. Seizure manifestation: The seizure semiology is dependent on the area of cortex activated during a seizure and therefore can give important clues as to the presumed epileptogenic zone. Frontal lobe seizure semiology with predominantly positive motor symptoms can be grouped into three main categories: Frontal clonic seizures Bilateral asymmetrical tonic seizure Complex motor seizure Rarer seizure types include: seizures characterized by brief lapses of awareness, akinetic seizures, aphasic seizures or seizures characterized by early head version without loss of awareness. Electroencephalography: Interictal EEG recordings are often challenging and it is reported that up to 40% of patients with FLE do not have Interictal epileptiform discharges.  The yield of prolonged video EEG recordings and careful review of EEG samples with closely spaced midline electrodes may be of higher yield. Imaging: CT scan, MRI, PET and SPECT are used for determination of the lesion or abnormality. MRI can detect small area of dysplasia and heterotopia. Treatment: The pharmacological treatment of FLE is as for other focal epilepsies. There are no good comparative drug trials specific to FLE. Surgery is less successful than for TLE with complete remission after focal resection in only 20-40%, even in the most highly selected cases.}, Keywords = {Epilepsy, Frontal Lobe, Electroencephalography}, volume = {6}, Number = {3}, pages = {5-5}, publisher = {Shefa Neuroscience Research Center}, title_fa = {O5: Frontal Lobe Epilepsy}, abstract_fa ={لطفاً به چکیده انگلیسی مراجعه شود.}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1782-en.html}, eprint = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1782-en.pdf}, journal = {The Neuroscience Journal of Shefaye Khatam}, issn = {2322-1887}, eissn = {2345-4814}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {Rahimian, Elham}, title = {O6: Role of Neuroimaging in Epilepsy}, abstract ={Epilepsy is a common and disabling neurological disorder initiated by the unpredictable EEG electrical discharges within the brain. Epilepsy management is most effective when the onset zone of the seizures can be exactly localized within the brain. Imaging is crucial in the evaluation and management of patients with epilepsy. MRI is the preferred imaging method for patients with seizures. Detection of structural abnormalities during preoperative investigations requires a dedicated epilepsy protocol for MRI studies. Sensitivity of MRI to find the localization of seizure onset zone has been improved by more advanced MRI technologies in recent years. Neuroimaging is central to the management of patients with medically refractory epilepsy and that play a crucial role for surgically resection process of epileptogenic zone.}, Keywords = {Epilepsy, MRI, EEG, Neuroimaging}, volume = {6}, Number = {3}, pages = {6-6}, publisher = {Shefa Neuroscience Research Center}, title_fa = {O6: Role of Neuroimaging in Epilepsy}, abstract_fa ={لطفاً به چکیده انگلیسی مراجعه شود.}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1783-en.html}, eprint = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1783-en.pdf}, journal = {The Neuroscience Journal of Shefaye Khatam}, issn = {2322-1887}, eissn = {2345-4814}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {Wellmer, Jorg}, title = {O7: Epilepsy and Imaging (Outpatient and Presurgery)}, abstract ={Cerebral structural imaging (CCT, MRI) frequently allows revealing the cause of first seizures or epilepsy and thereby the necessity or the option for causal treatment. However, on “standard brain” MRI scans requested by non-specialized physician's subtle epileptogenic lesions are frequently missed. This lecture 1) explains an epilepsy specific MRI protocol and points 2) to the importance of precise clinical focus hypothesis for the identification of epileptogenic lesions and 3) the experience of the MRI reader with the spectrum of epileptogenic lesions.}, Keywords = {Epilepsy, MRI, CCT}, volume = {6}, Number = {3}, pages = {7-7}, publisher = {Shefa Neuroscience Research Center}, title_fa = {(O7: Epilepsy and Imaging (Outpatient and Presurgery}, abstract_fa ={لطفاً به چکیده انگلیسی مراجعه شود.}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1784-en.html}, eprint = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1784-en.pdf}, journal = {The Neuroscience Journal of Shefaye Khatam}, issn = {2322-1887}, eissn = {2345-4814}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {Schubert-Bast, Susanne}, title = {O8: Imaging in Children with Epilepsies}, abstract ={Structural etiologies in children are different from adulthood. Furthermore, differentiation of malformation of cortical development might be limited due to brain development. This lecture will give an overview over applicable imaging techniques for children with epilepsies to distinguish structural etiologies.}, Keywords = {Imaging, Children, Techniques}, volume = {6}, Number = {3}, pages = {8-8}, publisher = {Shefa Neuroscience Research Center}, title_fa = {O8: Imaging in Children with Epilepsies}, abstract_fa ={لطفاً به چکیده انگلیسی مراجعه شود.}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1798-en.html}, eprint = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1798-en.pdf}, journal = {The Neuroscience Journal of Shefaye Khatam}, issn = {2322-1887}, eissn = {2345-4814}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {Jalalian, Babak}, title = {O9: Management of MRI-Negative Epilepsy}, abstract ={In the absence of a demonstrable epileptogenic lesion, epilepsy is often referred as nonlesional epilepsy. The term of MRI-negative epilepsy is used instead of nonlesional epilepsy, because histopathological examination of resected tissues has revealed lesion in 50% of nonlesional MRI patients. In general the chance of postoperative seizure freedom outcome from epilepsy surgery is less favorable in nonlesional MRI-negative patients. However thanks to advances in MRI technology, the sensitivity in detecting epileptic lesions improved dramatically over the last two decades. If MRI is negative, the definition of the epileptogenic zone has rely on localization information derived from methods such as semiology, EEG. SPECT. FDG PET and invasive evaluations. In MRI-negative patients when there was concordance among interictal scalp EEG, ictal scalp EEG, PET and siscom, 80% of the patients gained postsurgical freedoms, whereas the rate was only 45% when only two modalities were concordant. In this article I will discuss about step by step management of MRI-negative epileptic patients and the role of noninvasive and invasive studies in selection of these patients for epilepsy surgery.}, Keywords = {MRI, Negative, Epilepsy}, volume = {6}, Number = {3}, pages = {9-9}, publisher = {Shefa Neuroscience Research Center}, title_fa = {O9: Management of MRI-Negative Epilepsy}, abstract_fa ={لطفاً به چکیده انگلیسی مراجعه شود.}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1799-en.html}, eprint = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1799-en.pdf}, journal = {The Neuroscience Journal of Shefaye Khatam}, issn = {2322-1887}, eissn = {2345-4814}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {Ghaffarpour, Maji}, title = {O10: Psychic and Cognitive Presentations in Patients with Epilepsy}, abstract ={Psychic and cognitive presentations in patients with epilepsy can present as aura or as a symptoms/sign in cases with psychological morbidities as well as in some ictal or postictal phases of seizures, that may be mistaken with psychiatric disorders or psychogenic seizure. Psychic auras may be dysphasic, dysmnesic (flashback, hypermnesia, panoramic recall, amnestic syndrome, fabrication), perceptive/cognitive (depersonalization, derealization, forced thinking) or altered consciousness (dreamy or aneroid state, twilight, fugue or trance), illusion/hallucinations, palinopsia, autoscopy or mirror phantom as well as affective in nature. On the other hand, in some studies one third of epileptic patients had a history of major depression and an equal number had symptoms of anxiety, but psychotic symptoms were found only in 10% of patients. Schizophrenic-like syndrome was also reported. Behavioral alterations, cognitive inability, personality changes, tripled increased risk of suicide, diminished sexual interest and sleep disorders are other comorbidities in epileptic cases. Finally, some epileptic seizures (such as those arised from SSMA, fronto-orbital, temporal and cingulate gurus, eyelid myoclonia with absence or Jeavons syndrome) may have manifestations that can easily be confused with pseudo-seizure or other psychogenic disorders. In this lecture we will discuss this issues in details.}, Keywords = {Psychic/Cognitive Symptoms, Epilepsy}, volume = {6}, Number = {3}, pages = {10-10}, publisher = {Shefa Neuroscience Research Center}, title_fa = {O10: Psychic and Cognitive Presentations in Patients with Epilepsy}, abstract_fa ={لطفاً به چکیده انگلیسی مراجعه شود.}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1800-en.html}, eprint = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1800-en.pdf}, journal = {The Neuroscience Journal of Shefaye Khatam}, issn = {2322-1887}, eissn = {2345-4814}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {Wolf, Peter}, title = {O11: Juvenile Myoclonic Epilepsy as A Spectrum Disorder}, abstract ={In consequence of newer research juvenile myoclonic epilepsy (JME) is no longer seen as a homogeneous disease. The causes of the existing variance are only partially known yet. We discuss to what extent the phenotypical spectrum of this polygenetically determined disorder expresses genetically defined endophenotypes, or is due to mere quantitative differences in the expression of the core phenotype. Of the three common seizure types of JME, myoclonic, generalized tonic-clonic and absences, absences also occur independently and are strong candidates for an endophenotype. Focal features may in some patients be seen in clinical seizures or the EEG but rarely in both. They have no morphological correlates. In a system epilepsy, local manifestations are possible, and some are due to reflex mechanisms. Of the four reflex epileptic traits common in JME, photosensitivity and praxis induction appear related to basic mechanisms of the core syndrome, whereas language-induced orofacial reflex myocloni and eye closure sensitivity are also seen in other clinical contexts and therefore seem to represent endophenotypes. Cognitive abnormalities indicating slight frontal lobe dysfunction seem to be ubiquitous in JME and are also seen in unaffected siblings of patients. Cluster B personality disorder is found in 1/3 of patients, representing a more severe expression of the underlying pathology. Treatment response and prognosis seem to be affected by an interplay of the described factors producing the severest end of the JME spectrum. The spectrum appears to be due to an interaction of stronger or weaker expression of the core phenotype with various endophenotypes.}, Keywords = {Epilepsy, Treatment, System}, volume = {6}, Number = {3}, pages = {11-11}, publisher = {Shefa Neuroscience Research Center}, title_fa = {O11: Juvenile Myoclonic Epilepsy as A Spectrum Disorder}, abstract_fa ={لطفاً به چکیده انگلیسی مراجعه شود.}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1801-en.html}, eprint = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1801-en.pdf}, journal = {The Neuroscience Journal of Shefaye Khatam}, issn = {2322-1887}, eissn = {2345-4814}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {Schubert-Bast, Susanne}, title = {O12: Presurgical Evaluation in Pediatric Epilepsy Surgery}, abstract ={epilepsy surgery can be curative in a selected group of children with focal epilepsies. Thorough presurgical evaluation of the epileptogenic zone is the formula to success for postoperative seizure freedom. Best practice in presurgical evaluation in children and postoperative outcome data of a large German cohort will be presented.}, Keywords = {Pediatric, Epilepsy, Children}, volume = {6}, Number = {3}, pages = {12-12}, publisher = {Shefa Neuroscience Research Center}, title_fa = {O12: Presurgical Evaluation in Pediatric Epilepsy Surgery}, abstract_fa ={لطفاً به چکیده انگلیسی مراجعه شود.}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1802-en.html}, eprint = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1802-en.pdf}, journal = {The Neuroscience Journal of Shefaye Khatam}, issn = {2322-1887}, eissn = {2345-4814}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {Mohammadi, Mahmou}, title = {O13: Common Pitfalls in Pediatric Long-Term Video-EEG Monitoring}, abstract ={After introduction of electroencephalography as a real-time mean of study on human brain in early 20’s, this technology has an important role in diagnosis, classification and management of epileptic disorders in pediatric age group. This role has been emphasized after introduction of Simultaneous Video-EEG monitoring in 60’s. After that, our knowledge and attitude had been changed regarding epilepsy, especially in children and newborns. There are some important pitfalls in doing and reading video-EEG monitoring. Knowing and paying attention to these pitfalls will help us in better dealing with epileptic disorders in children. I my short talk, I will address to the following points; Having clear and measurable objective for doing VEEG Inadequate or inappropriate structure and/or equipment Inappropriate or inadequate job descriptions and unqualified personnel Only paying attention to “push-buttons” Being inattentive to “seizure semiology” “every seizure has a clear scalp electrographic counterpart” Labeling patient as having “psychogenic seizures” Having no protocol for every patient as well as tapering AEDs …}, Keywords = {Video-EEG Monitoring, VEEG, Epilepsy in Children, Diagnostic Pitfalls, Pediatric EMU}, volume = {6}, Number = {3}, pages = {13-13}, publisher = {Shefa Neuroscience Research Center}, title_fa = {O13: Common Pitfalls in Pediatric Long-Term Video-EEG Monitoring}, abstract_fa ={لطفاً به چکیده انگلیسی مراجعه شود.}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1803-en.html}, eprint = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1803-en.pdf}, journal = {The Neuroscience Journal of Shefaye Khatam}, issn = {2322-1887}, eissn = {2345-4814}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {Zentner, Josef}, title = {O14: Epilepsy Surgery in the Pediatric Age}, abstract ={Surgery has proven to be a very useful option for the treatment of pharmacoresistant structural epilepsies in children and adolescents. Recent advances in diagnostic modalities and surgical techniques have widened the spectrum of epilepsies amenable to surgery, and progress in neuroanesthesia and critical care has rendered this treatment increasingly safe and viable, even in the first years of life. Focal cortical dysplasia, glioneuronal tumors, and porencephaly due to perinatal stroke are the most frequent etiologies in this age group. In contrast to adult cohorts, one-third of children and adolescents undergo multilobar or hemispheric procedures, whereas frontal or temporal corticectomies are performed at similar rates. The younger the patient, the larger the resection or disconnection: infants often require more extensive procedures than older children or adolescents. The poor specifity of electroclinical correlations and the challenging MRI interpretation due to the ongoing myelination still pose considerable obstacles to candidate selection in very young children who, however, benefit the most from the opportunity to compensate functional deficits due to the pronounced brain plasticity. Developmental retardation and psychiatric comorbidity do not contraindicate surgery. Overall, seizure freedom is achieved in two-third of the cases, with surgical success rates varying according to the underlying etiology and duration of follow-up. Global cognitive development remains stable or may improve after surgery. Individual developmental trajectories are determined by presurgical cognitive status, age at surgery, seizure control, and antiepileptic drug tapering.  In all, epilepsy surgery in children and adolescents is no longer a treatment of last resort but may be considered “disease-modifying”, particularly in the first years of life, considering the vulnerability of the immature brain to the ongoing processes of epileptogenesis.}, Keywords = {MRI, Epilepsy, Age, Patient}, volume = {6}, Number = {3}, pages = {14-14}, publisher = {Shefa Neuroscience Research Center}, title_fa = {O14: Epilepsy Surgery in the Pediatric Age}, abstract_fa ={لطفاً به چکیده انگلیسی مراجعه شود.}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1804-en.html}, eprint = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1804-en.pdf}, journal = {The Neuroscience Journal of Shefaye Khatam}, issn = {2322-1887}, eissn = {2345-4814}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {Rezvani, Mohamm}, title = {O15: Lateralizing and Localizing Findings in Focal Epilepsies}, abstract ={Refractory or drug resistant epilepsy develops in 20–30% of all patients diagnosed with epilepsy. The ILAE has suggested that a person be considered to have refractory epilepsy if they have failed to achieve sustained seizure freedom with two appropriate and tolerated antiepileptic drug (AED) regimens. Outcome studies have consistently shown response to the first AED to be a strong predictor of long-term outcomes. General principles of managing refractory epilepsy are 1. Review the diagnosis and classification 2. Review AEDs currently and previously used 3. Consider non-pharmacological treatments 4. Address co-morbidities and lifestyle issues 5. Optimize quality of life.   Knowledge about lateralizing and localizing signs of seizure semiology and other clinical findings is necessary in the management process of patients with focal epilepsy, particularly with widespread use of surgery in the management of patients with refractory focal epilepsy. Video-EEG monitoring has permitted careful analysis of semiologic features of seizures and their correlation with simultaneous EEG activities. The availability of new imaging and functional studies could be considered as a revolution in localization of the epileptogenic zone. In my lecture, a list of well-documented lateralizing and localizing findings in focal epilepsies is presented briefly. Knowledge about these findings is practical tool for physicians to determine epileptogenic zone. While I include the correlated symptomatogenic zone and the possible mechanism in generating the finding in the context of a focal seizure, this lecture emphasizes how to localize the epileptogenic zone according to any given specific finding. More accuracy in detecting epileptogenic zone will increase the chance of seizure freedom after epilepsy surgery.}, Keywords = {AED, Video-EEG Monitoring, Epilepsy}, volume = {6}, Number = {3}, pages = {15-15}, publisher = {Shefa Neuroscience Research Center}, title_fa = {O15: Lateralizing and Localizing Findings in Focal Epilepsies}, abstract_fa ={لطفاً به چکیده انگلیسی مراجعه شود.}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1805-en.html}, eprint = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1805-en.pdf}, journal = {The Neuroscience Journal of Shefaye Khatam}, issn = {2322-1887}, eissn = {2345-4814}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {Zentner, Josef}, title = {O16: Surgical Treatment of Epilepsies: What has Changed over the last 25 Years?}, abstract ={Surgical procedures to treat severe epilepsies have gained general acceptance. Dfferent approaches reflect not only different pathologies and pathophysiological conditions, but also the history of epileptological and surgical concepts. Despite of these differences between individual institutions, we can observe some fundamental conceptual changes over the last two or three decades that have found wide approval. Overall, there is a clear trend towards the treatment of children and adolescents. This is especially true, since negative consequences of seizures and pharmacotherapy on the immature brain are well known, and since favorable cognitive development can be expected from postoperative seizure control. In temporomesial epilepsies, there is a tendency to more circumscribed resections such as selective amygdalohippocampectomy, although no homogenous data are available indicating that preservation of lateral neocortical structures is advantageous with respect to neurocognitive functions. On the other hand, it has also not been shown that lateral or extended hippocampal resection may be necessary for seizure control. Extratemporal procedures usually require extensive presurgical diagnostics, but can be successfully performed even around areas of high functionality using modern techniques, including functional imaging, tractography, neuronavigation as well as intraoperative mapping and monitoring. In large hemispheric lesions, the classical Rasmussen technique of hemispherectomy has been left in favor of more sophisticated approaches such as the transsylvian or perisylvian hemispherotomy. These new techniques noticeably reduce blood loss and spare operation time which is important, since in particular young children are affected. Amongst functional methods, stimulation techniques have recently gained increasing interest. Possibly, local epilepsy therapy based on closed-loop intervention systems may introduce a new era of epilepsy therapy in future so far open questions such as methods for seizure prediction have been solved. Further improvement of presurgical techniques and operative approaches require the concentration of the epilepsy surgical program to specialised centers, where different competences and sufficient experience are available in order to successfully manage these complex problems.}, Keywords = {Treatment, Epilepsy, Temporomesial}, volume = {6}, Number = {3}, pages = {16-16}, publisher = {Shefa Neuroscience Research Center}, title_fa = {O16: Surgical Treatment of Epilepsies: What Has Changed over the last 25 Years?}, abstract_fa ={لطفاً به چکیده انگلیسی مراجعه شود.}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1806-en.html}, eprint = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1806-en.pdf}, journal = {The Neuroscience Journal of Shefaye Khatam}, issn = {2322-1887}, eissn = {2345-4814}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {KhaleghiGhadiri, Maryam}, title = {O17: Potential Benefits of Surgical Intervention in Epilepsy}, abstract ={Epileptic patients for whom optimal medical treatment fails may be candidates for surgical treatment. Surgical interventions in epilepsy could be used as a diagnostic method or therapeutic approach. Use of surgical intervention for epilepsy has been suggested as the most underutilized of all proven effective therapeutic methods in the medicine. Insertion of different surface or deep recording electrodes sometimes is essential to define the exact epileptogenic zone. Type of seizures determines the surgical procedure and complete resection of the epileptogenic focus or dissection of nerve pathways along which seizure activities spread usually leads to freedom from seizures. The outcome of epilepsy surgery is dependent on the etiology of the seizure, location of the epileptogenic zone, type of surgical procedure, and degree of tissue resection.}, Keywords = {Seizures, Patients, Surgical, Epilepsy}, volume = {6}, Number = {3}, pages = {17-17}, publisher = {Shefa Neuroscience Research Center}, title_fa = {O17: Potential Benefits of Surgical Intervention in Epilepsy}, abstract_fa ={لطفاً به چکیده انگلیسی مراجعه شود.}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1807-en.html}, eprint = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1807-en.pdf}, journal = {The Neuroscience Journal of Shefaye Khatam}, issn = {2322-1887}, eissn = {2345-4814}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {Zangiabadi, Nasser}, title = {O18: Vague Nerve Stimulation}, abstract ={VNS indications Epilepsy VNS Therapy system is indicated for use as an adjunctive therapy in reducing the frequency of seizures in patients whose epileptic disorder is dominated by partial seizures (with or without secondary generalization) or generalized seizures that are refractory to antiepileptic medications. Depression VNS Therapy is indicated for the adjunctive long-term treatment of chronic or recurrent depression who are experiencing a major depressive episode and have not had an adequate response to four or more antidepressant treatments. Mechanism of action VNS definitely exerts an effect via the LC (norepinephrine) and the RN (serotonin) These mechanisms of action are similar to those of medications through pharmacologic pathways The LC and RN/DRN have been conclusively identified as: Brain centers affected by VNS Therapy Playing a role in suppressing seizures Areas that must be intact for VNS Therapy to have an effect VNS Safety Profile More than 70,000 patients worldwide have been implanted with VNS Therapy No known interactions with medications No reported systemic neurotoxic effects, rash, renal impairment, or bone marrow suppression No increase in sudden, unexpected death in epilepsy (SUDEP)1 Gestational outcomes Animal study has shown no evidence of impaired fertility or harm to the fetus due to VNS Therapy2,3 Pregnancies have gone to term with VNS4,5 One of my challenging Cases which resulted in Vague Nerve Stimulation (VNS) therapy 53-year-old Right-handed gentleman with History of epilepsy since 1983 (due to being injured during war) in form of CPS and GTCs. We implanted VNS for the first time in Khatam-Al-Anbia hospital about three months ago for this patient. The frequency of the patient’s attacks has been decreased to about eighty percent till now. No significant side effects have been reported except for mild hoarseness.  }, Keywords = {VNS Therapy, Epilepsy, Systemic Neurotoxic Effects}, volume = {6}, Number = {3}, pages = {18-18}, publisher = {Shefa Neuroscience Research Center}, title_fa = {O18: Vague Nerve Stimulation}, abstract_fa ={لطفاً به چکیده انگلیسی مراجعه شود.}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1808-en.html}, eprint = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1808-en.pdf}, journal = {The Neuroscience Journal of Shefaye Khatam}, issn = {2322-1887}, eissn = {2345-4814}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {Jafarian, Maryam and ModarresMousavi, Mostafa and Alipour, Fatemeh and KhaleghiGhadiri, Maryam and Gorji, Ali}, title = {O19: Cellular Injury and Various Receptor Expression in the Epileptic Human Amygdala}, abstract ={Mesial temporal lobe epilepsy (MTLE) is the most ordinary type of partial onset epilepsy. Despite several types of treatment, going therapies are insufficient about 20% to 30% of patients. For some, other therapeutic options are need. To achieve this goal, it is essential to develop more precisely the molecular and cellular mechanisms of the disease. This study was planned according to the role of excitatory and inhibitory roles of some important receptors in the amygdale complex as a major part of temporal lobe and effects of these changes on amygdala damage and function. We evaluated amygdala damage by tunnel staining correlate with alteration in GABAA (Rα1, Rβ3, and Rγ2), GABACRp2, GAD and GABAB (R1, and R2), also Glutamate receptors NMDA (NR2B, NR1, and mGluR1α) and AMPA (GluR1, GluR2) immonoreactivity to measure the expression and distribution of these receptors. The present data revealed an increased rate of Dark cells as a hallmark of cell damage as well as apoptotic cells as a marker for dell death, and decreased expression levels of several GABAergic receptor subunits and GAD65 in the amygdala obtained during epilepsy surgery compared to autopsy specimens. Furthermore, the increased occurrence of apoptotic cells in the amygdala was negatively correlated with the reduced expression of the studied GABAergic receptor subunits and GAD65. The present data indicate the importance of GABAergic neurotransmission in seizure-induced cell injury in the amygdala and suggest several GABA receptor subunits as potential candidates for preventive and therapeutic management to control epilepsy and its comorbid disorders, such as anxiety.}, Keywords = {Human Epileptic Tissue, Amygdala, Temporal Lobe Epilepsy, Excitatory Receptors, Inhibitory Receptors}, volume = {6}, Number = {3}, pages = {19-19}, publisher = {Shefa Neuroscience Research Center}, title_fa = {O19: Cellular Injury and Various Receptor Expression in the Epileptic Human Amygdala}, abstract_fa ={لطفاً به چکیده انگلیسی مراجعه شود.}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1809-en.html}, eprint = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1809-en.pdf}, journal = {The Neuroscience Journal of Shefaye Khatam}, issn = {2322-1887}, eissn = {2345-4814}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {Engel, Jerome}, title = {O20: Biomarkers for Epilepsy}, abstract ={A biomarker is defined as an objectively measured characteristic of a normal or pathologic biologic process. Identification and proper validation of biomarkers of epileptogenesis (the development of epilepsy) and ictogenesis (propensity to generate spontaneous seizures) might predict the development of an epileptic condition; identify the presence and severity of tissue capable of generating spontaneous seizures; measure progression after the condition is established; and determine pharmacoresistance. Such biomarkers could be used to create animal models for more cost-effective screening of potential antiepileptogenic and antiseizure drugs and devices, and to reduce the cost of clinical trials by enriching the trial population and acting as surrogate markers to shorten trial duration. Research to identify reliable biomarkers may also reveal underlying mechanisms that could serve as therapeutic targets for the development of new antiepileptogenic and antiseizure compounds. Target mechanisms for biomarkers include cell loss, axonal sprouting, synaptic reorganization, altered neuronal function such as gene expression profiles and protein products, neurogenesis, altered glial function and gliosis, inflammatory changes, angiogenesis, and altered excitability and synchrony. Potential biomarkers include hippocampal changes on MRI, interictal EEG spike features including BOLD patterns on fMRI, pathological high-frequency oscillations, excitability as measured by transcranial magnetic stimulation, AMT-PET imaging, and gene expression profiles. Identification of reliable epilepsy biomarkers is a high priority area of current research.}, Keywords = {Biomarkers, Epilepsy, Neuronal Function, Expression}, volume = {6}, Number = {3}, pages = {20-20}, publisher = {Shefa Neuroscience Research Center}, title_fa = {O20: Biomarkers for Epilepsy}, abstract_fa ={لطفاً به چکیده انگلیسی مراجعه شود.}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1810-en.html}, eprint = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1810-en.pdf}, journal = {The Neuroscience Journal of Shefaye Khatam}, issn = {2322-1887}, eissn = {2345-4814}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {Ghabaee, Mojdeh}, title = {O21: Update and Future Directions in Poststroke Epilepsy}, abstract ={Concepts of latency and epileptogenesis form an important basis for clinical understanding of the early versus late seizures in stroke patients. Two models of epileptogenesis is postulated in stroke patients. First, loss of neurovascular unit integrity (BBB disruption) leads to local metabolic disturbances without disturbance in neuronal networks causes seizures immediately after a stroke. Late seizures may be secondary to gliosis and development of meningocerebral scarring. Changes in membrane properties, differentiation, selective neuronal loss, and collateral sprouting may result in hyperexcitability and neuronal synchrony sufficient to elicit seizures and predispose to epilepsy. These models of seizure carry different risks of seizure recurrence for post stoke epilepsy, early and late. Recent studies show effect of drugs in the processes of PSE. Statin with anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties is postulated to have role in reduction of epileptogenecity in early post stroke epilepsy. LEV by inhibition of inflammatory responses and reduction of reactive gliosis in the hippocampus and piriform cortex in a rat model of epilepsy could be an important agent in the prevention of epileptogenesis far from as anti-epileptic drug. Future studies should aim to clarify the impact of AED treatment on vascular-risk profile and rehabilitation. Role of biomarkers and neuroimaging in prevention of PSE, reduction of brain damage and deterioration in neurological function, is going on.}, Keywords = {Biomarkers, PSE, Function, BBB, Brain Damage}, volume = {6}, Number = {3}, pages = {21-21}, publisher = {Shefa Neuroscience Research Center}, title_fa = {O21: Update and Future Directions in Poststroke Epilepsy}, abstract_fa ={لطفاً به چکیده انگلیسی مراجعه شود.}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1811-en.html}, eprint = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1811-en.pdf}, journal = {The Neuroscience Journal of Shefaye Khatam}, issn = {2322-1887}, eissn = {2345-4814}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {Shalbafan, Bit}, title = {O22: Approach to Syndromic Epilepsy}, abstract ={Epilepsy can be observed during the course of many inborn errors of metabolism (IEMs) usually as part of a large clinical spectrum. However, several IEMs may manifest with inaugural epileptic seizures. Inborn errors of metabolism (IEMs) represent poorly known causes of epilepsy in adulthood. Although rare, these are important to recognize for several reasons: 1- some IEMs respond to specific treatments 2- some antiepileptic drugs interfering with metabolic pathways may worsen the clinical condition 3- and specific genetic counselling can be provided. When should one suspect an IEM in an epileptic patient? In a patient with epilepsy, it should be stressed that several clinical, radiological or electrophysiological features suggest an IEM: 1-The epileptic syndrome does not match with any classical epilepsy syndrome i.e. atypical electro-clinical presentation, atypical response to antiepileptic drugs or mixture of generalized and partial epileptic manifestations (for example association of myoclonus and partial seizures in a given patient; 2-Progressive myoclonic epilepsy; 3- Association with other neurological impairments (cerebellar, pyramidal, etc.) or with unexplained mental retardation, or other organ disorders (eyes, muscles spleen, etc); 4-Familial history suggestive of a genetic disease; 5-Seizures related to the times of eating, fasting, protein-rich meal; 6-Inefficacy or worsening with classical antiepileptic drugs; 7-Unexplained status epilepticus; 8-Abnormalities on proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy: for instance, creatine deficiency or increased in lactate; 9-EEG showing slowing of the background activity or photo-paroxysmal responses during the photic intermittent stimulation at low frequencies (1–6 H). To recognize the type of IEM, clinical history needs to be analyzed considering the following    points; (a) Age at onset (b) clinical presentations (c) Pattern of inheritance (d) Key clinical symptoms and signs with special focus on sites of neuraxis and extra-neural involvement (e) Course of the disease and (f) Severity of impairment.}, Keywords = {Epilepsy, Impairment, Patient, Metabolic}, volume = {6}, Number = {3}, pages = {22-22}, publisher = {Shefa Neuroscience Research Center}, title_fa = {O22: Approach to Syndromic Epilepsy}, abstract_fa ={لطفاً به چکیده انگلیسی مراجعه شود.}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1812-en.html}, eprint = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1812-en.pdf}, journal = {The Neuroscience Journal of Shefaye Khatam}, issn = {2322-1887}, eissn = {2345-4814}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {Ghasemi, Sepideh and Aligholi, Hadi and Gorji, Ali}, title = {O23: Differentiation of Human Neural Stem-Like Cells Derived from Epileptic Amygdala Tissue into Motor Neurons}, abstract ={Animal studies have increasingly shown that the potential for the stem cells to use in the treatment of motor neuron diseases, such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and spinal muscular atrophy. This might be achieved by using stem cells to replace cells, deliver nourishing substances or dampen down inflammation. The aims of the present study were to isolate and characterize the neural stem cells from human epileptic amygdala tissues and differentiate them to the motor neurons. Samples were collected from epileptic patients undergoing brain surgery. The tissue was dissociated enzymatically. Then, the single cells were cultured in neurosphere medium, including DMEM/F12 containing growth factors and supplements in non-coated flasks. For motor neuron-like cell induction, neural stem cells were exposed with DMED/F12 containing supplements, Sonic hedgehog, retinoic acid, brain-derived neurotrophic factor and glial-derived neurotrophic factor for two weeks. To characterize the isolated cells, immunocytochemistry was performed against nestin, Sox2, GFAP and MAP2 for neural stem cells and ChAT for evaluating the motor neuron-like cells. Primary neurospheres were appeared after 4-7 days. The number of spheres enhanced after each passage. Isolated cells expressed neural stem cell markers, nestin and sox2. The differentiated cells had positive immunoreactivity to motor neuron marker. The human amygdala tissue obtained from epileptic patients can be considered as a valuable source of adult neural stem cells for future investigations.}, Keywords = {Amygdala, Temporal Lobe Epilepsy, Neurosphere, Motor Neuron}, volume = {6}, Number = {3}, pages = {23-23}, publisher = {Shefa Neuroscience Research Center}, title_fa = {O23: Differentiation of Human Neural Stem-Like Cells Derived from Epileptic Amygdala Tissue into Motor Neurons}, abstract_fa ={لطفاً به چکیده انگلیسی مراجعه شود.}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1813-en.html}, eprint = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1813-en.pdf}, journal = {The Neuroscience Journal of Shefaye Khatam}, issn = {2322-1887}, eissn = {2345-4814}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {JahanbaziJahan-Abad, Ali and SahabNegah, Sajad and HosseiniRavandi, Hassan and Ghasemi, Sepideh and Borhani-Haghighi, Maryam and Stummer, Walter and Gorji, Ali and KhaleghiGhadiri, Maryam}, title = {O24: Human Neural Stem/Progenitor Cells Derived from Epileptic Human Brain in a Self-Assembling Peptide Nanoscaffold Improve Traumatic Brain Injury in Rats}, abstract ={Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a disruption in the brain functions as a result of an external force. To date, the main problem is that no direct effective therapies exist for brain injury treatment. It is thought that stem Cell therapy may provide a promising treatment for TBI. The use of human-derived stem/progenitor cells seeded in three- dimensional (3D) micro-environments have shown as a promising novel method for cell replacement therapy in TBI. The project aims here were to investigate the effects of human neural stem/progenitor cells (hNS/PCs) derived from the resected mesial temporal lobe brain tissues and human adipose-derived stromal/stem cells (hADSCs) cultured in PuraMatrix hydrogel (PM) on brain function in animal models of TBI. By comparing the results of doubling time characteristics of hNS/PCs and hADSCs, revealed that hNS/PCs doubling time was significantly longer than hADSC. Transplantation of hNS/PCs and hADSCs seeded in PM after TBI does seem to improved functional recovery, decreased lesion volume, inhibited neuroinflammation, and reduced the reactive gliosis at the injury site in rats. The data suggest the hNS/PCs derived from epileptic human brain seeded in PM scaffold can be used for the potential cell therapy for neurological disorders, such as TBI.}, Keywords = {Tissue Engineering, Human Neural Stem Cells, Traumatic Brain Injury, Epilepsy}, volume = {6}, Number = {3}, pages = {24-24}, publisher = {Shefa Neuroscience Research Center}, title_fa = {O24: Human Neural Stem/Progenitor Cells Derived from Epileptic Human Brain in a Self-Assembling Peptide Nanoscaffold Improve Traumatic Brain Injury in Rats}, abstract_fa ={لطفاً به چکیده انگلیسی مراجعه شود.}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1814-en.html}, eprint = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1814-en.pdf}, journal = {The Neuroscience Journal of Shefaye Khatam}, issn = {2322-1887}, eissn = {2345-4814}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {Schubert-Bast, Susanne}, title = {W1: Seizure Semiology of Focal Epilepsies in Infants}, abstract ={lateralization or localization signs of seizures can be very subtle in small children. The semiology of focal onset seizures can be misinterpreted as generalized. Some focal phenomena like auras are doubtful to exist during early childhood, other discrete signs might easily be missed. This interactive video-lecture will demonstrate a variety of subtle seizure semiology signs in infancy and provide a training to focus on them thoroughly.}, Keywords = {Children, Epilepsy, Seizure}, volume = {6}, Number = {3}, pages = {25-25}, publisher = {Shefa Neuroscience Research Center}, title_fa = {W1: Seizure Semiology of Focal Epilepsies in Infants}, abstract_fa ={لطفاً به چکیده انگلیسی مراجعه شود.}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1785-en.html}, eprint = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1785-en.pdf}, journal = {The Neuroscience Journal of Shefaye Khatam}, issn = {2322-1887}, eissn = {2345-4814}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {Moghaddam, Kaveh}, title = {W2: Psychodrama in Adults and Adolescents with Epilepsy}, abstract ={Adults and adolescents with epilepsy suffer from emotional, cognitive, behavioral, motor and learning problems and these problems can have negative effects on their life. Well-being, self-esteem and self-confidence will be affected and also secondary psychological problems such as anxiety and depression will be observed in these clients. Art therapy and specially psychodrama which are a kind of psychotherapy can help to improvement of these problems. In psychodrama therapist can apply the projective techniques such as warm-up, empty chair and confrontation for better involvement of clients. Applying these techniques can help to integration of “ego” which is destroyed.  Psychodrama techniques can be applied individual or in peer group. The goal of these techniques is to increase the self-esteem, self-confidence and self-actualization in these clients. Sometimes application of light music and theatre (drama) together can have the best outcomes in these clients.}, Keywords = {Epilepsy, Psychodrama, Ego}, volume = {6}, Number = {3}, pages = {26-26}, publisher = {Shefa Neuroscience Research Center}, title_fa = {W2: Psychodrama in Adults and Adolescents with Epilepsy}, abstract_fa ={لطفاً به چکیده انگلیسی مراجعه شود.}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1786-en.html}, eprint = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1786-en.pdf}, journal = {The Neuroscience Journal of Shefaye Khatam}, issn = {2322-1887}, eissn = {2345-4814}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {Ahmadi, Forouz}, title = {W3: Challenges in Nursing Care of Epileptic Patients}, abstract ={Procedures before LTM: Admitting the patient and introduce yourself, then explain how to do LTM and describe its aim Doing MRI with epilepsy protocol Washing the patient's hair Preparing the instruments for starting the LTM Measuring the head with 10-20 system and mark the spots with a red pen Doing blood exam with doctor's order Considering the patient's consciousness and speech Procedures during LTM: Check the electrode's impedance and change the electrode if it is necessary and put some gel under the electrodes. Select the abnormal changes like IED, seizure, subclinical and etc. Observe the brain waves and manage the nursing care Make a friendly relationship with the patient and take care of her/him and protect the head box and the electrodes Do the nursing test Record the seizure and inform the doctor and perform his order Procedures after LTM: After recording sufficient seizures, call the doctor and remove the electrodes from the patient's head, after 24 hours that the seizure ends, the patient can be discharged.}, Keywords = {Epileptic Patients, Seizure, LTM}, volume = {6}, Number = {3}, pages = {27-27}, publisher = {Shefa Neuroscience Research Center}, title_fa = {W3: Challenges in Nursing Care of Epileptic Patients}, abstract_fa ={لطفاً به چکیده انگلیسی مراجعه شود.}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1787-en.html}, eprint = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1787-en.pdf}, journal = {The Neuroscience Journal of Shefaye Khatam}, issn = {2322-1887}, eissn = {2345-4814}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {Ahmadi, Forouz}, title = {P1: Invasive Recording and Nursing Care}, abstract ={Intracranial surgery is performed for tumors, trauma, congenital abnormalities, vascular diseases (aneurysms and vascular malformations) trigeminal neuralgia, and other disorders of the brain that are amenable to surgical treatment. Using the latest technology, state of the art image guided surgery is used in many cases to accurately locate lesions within the brain. In patients with refractory epilepsy, whose EEG-monitoring reveals focal epilepsy, after doing Brain MRI, SPECT, PET and neuropsychological assessment, the lesion, ictal onset zone and its function will be determined in one specific area and based on these findings lesion will be resected by surgery. If the specific ictal onset zone is not identifiable with Intracranial Recording, EEG-monitoring will be applied to determine the specific ictal onset zone during ictal phase (mostly in temporal lobes) before the surgery. Indications are described as: Confirmation of an anatomo-electro-clinical hypothesis, Attempt to record nodes in the epileptic network, takes into account the near propagation of ictal onset, and Implantation of electrodes also takes into account surgical resective margins of the given hypothesis. Possible Markers of epileptogenicity are: Still investigational: high frequency oscillations, single pulse stimulation induced late responses and microelectrode recording of micro seizures. Intracranial recording has specific pattern, significant limitations, costs and risks. Implanted electrodes necessarily record from a small volume of cortex. Restrict the number of implanted electrodes to as few as possible without compromising the ability to detect the zone of seizure onset with sufficient precision to use in the determination of the epileptogenic area for subsequent surgery.}, Keywords = {Surgery, pattern, Cortex, EEG}, volume = {6}, Number = {3}, pages = {28-28}, publisher = {Shefa Neuroscience Research Center}, title_fa = {P1: Invasive Recording and Nursing Care}, abstract_fa ={لطفاً به چکیده انگلیسی مراجعه شود.}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1788-en.html}, eprint = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1788-en.pdf}, journal = {The Neuroscience Journal of Shefaye Khatam}, issn = {2322-1887}, eissn = {2345-4814}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {Hadjighassem, Mahmoud Reza and Gharaylou, Maryam and Tafakhori, Abbas}, title = {P2: Bumetanide as an Effective Adjunct Therapy in Intractable Epilepsy}, abstract ={Introduction: Reduced KCC2 expression and increased NKCC1 expression can shift Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) responses toward excitation and generate seizures. Previous studies suggested that bumetanide, an inhibitor of NKCC1, might have antiepileptic effects. Here, for the first time, we assessed NKCC1 and KCC2 dysregulation and possible modifying role of bumetanide in living human subjects with drug-resistant TLE. Materials and Methods: Eligible patients with drug-resistant TLE were included. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were isolated from collected blood samples and used for polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and western blot analyses. Bumetanide treatment was initiated with the dose of 0.5 mg/day and then was weakly increased by 0.5 mg until a target dose of 2mg/day was achieved. Then, seizure frequency and drug safety were assessed at each monthly visit. Results: A total of 39 patients were evaluated and 27 patients were included. Overall, 70.4% were responders. The median seizure frequency reduced significantly from 9 (7-15) at baseline to 4 (2-11.67) at first three months (P<0.001), 2.67 (1-5.33) at last three months (P<0.001), and 3.33 (1.33-7.17) during the six months of treatment (P<0.001). The forward logistic regression showed eGFR (OR: 0.953, 95% CI: 0.912-0.996, P=0.033) as the only significant predictor of drug response. The level of NKCC1 and KCC2 gene transcripts and KCC2 protein did not significantly alter following treatment (P>0.05). However, we observed a significant reduction in NKCC1 protein levels after bumetanide treatment (P=0.0156). Conclusion: Altogether, it seems that bumetanide is an effective and relatively tolerable drug in patients with drug-resistant TLE. We confirm that KCC2 is significantly downregulated while NKCC1 is markedly upregulated in TLE patients. Bumetanide treatment led to a significant reduction of NKCC1 protein expression which we believe is the underlying reason for its antiepileptic efficiency.}, Keywords = {Adjunct Therapy, Epilepsy, Expression}, volume = {6}, Number = {3}, pages = {29-29}, publisher = {Shefa Neuroscience Research Center}, title_fa = {P2: Bumetanide as an Effective Adjunct Therapy in Intractable Epilepsy}, abstract_fa ={لطفاً به چکیده انگلیسی مراجعه شود.}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1789-en.html}, eprint = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1789-en.pdf}, journal = {The Neuroscience Journal of Shefaye Khatam}, issn = {2322-1887}, eissn = {2345-4814}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {Tozihi, Amirsalar and Mehdizadeh, Mahsa and Jahan, Ali}, title = {P3: Review of Neurofeedback in Epilepsy}, abstract ={Introduction:  Evaluation of EEG Biofeedback efficacy in epilepsy patients with overview of published articles in PMC, PubMed, Science Direct and Neuroscience databases. Epilepsy is a central nervous system disorder (CNS) in which a person experiences repeated seizure due to a chronic underlying process. The incidence of   epilepsy is approximately 3 up to 5 percent in different populations. There are numerous drug therapies for the treatment and control of epilepsy, but this method only contributes to 2/3 of the patients, which means that about 1/3 of the patients with epilepsy do not respond to antiepileptic drugs. Since the 1980s, neurofeedback has been introduced into clinical practice by a scientist, Sterman, as a therapeutic tool, thus reducing seizures by altering brain waves in mice and monkeys. Conclusion: Several studies have been carried out to show that the SMR waves (12-15 Hz) training in central regions of the brain hemispheres has led to a reduction in seizure rates and facilitate treatment. A meta-analysis study showed a significant reduction in the occurrence of seizure in treatment-resistant epilepsy by SMR enhancement protocol. Therefore, the neurofeedback was proposed as very good approach in drug-resistant epileptic patients. Also, the use of neurofeedback in children with partial seizures has had a positive effect. Neurofeedback had made considerable effects on the treatment of epilepsy. So that, during a study, in 80% of patients recovered. Neurofeedback is a good option for patients who do not respond to drug therapy. However, the exact mechanism of neurofeedback, as well as the best selective treatment protocol for patients with different epilepsy categories, is still unclear, and the duration of the treatment is debatable. Therefore, more in-depth studies are needed to find out hidden angles of epilepsy treatment with neurofeedback.}, Keywords = {Seizure, Epilepsy, Neurofeedback, SMR}, volume = {6}, Number = {3}, pages = {30-30}, publisher = {Shefa Neuroscience Research Center}, title_fa = {P3: Review of Neurofeedback in Epilepsy}, abstract_fa ={لطفاً به چکیده انگلیسی مراجعه شود.}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1790-en.html}, eprint = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1790-en.pdf}, journal = {The Neuroscience Journal of Shefaye Khatam}, issn = {2322-1887}, eissn = {2345-4814}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {Ravarian, Aida and Moghaddam, Kaveh and SaiedErshadi, Farhou}, title = {P4: The Role of Occupational Therapy on Improvement of Skills in Children with Epilepsy}, abstract ={Introduction: Rehabilitation is one of the sciences which can help to children with special needs. According to studies and researches most of the children with special needs experience seizure attacks or epilepsy and this issue can have negative effects on all of their skills development. Occupational therapy is one of the rehabilitation fields in which objective activities can be applied for improvement of clients. Occupational therapists can have an important role in improvement of problems related to epilepsy. Conclusion: In children with epilepsy a lot of problems such as emotional, behavioral, cognitive, learning and perceptual-motor can be observed and occupational therapists can have a comprehensive evaluation for survey of these problems. Also, they can apply objective cognitive, perceptual, sensory, motor and psychological activities for helping to these children and reinforcement of their skills. For better relationship with children with epilepsy occupational therapists can apply these activities via paly and the family members can be involved too.}, Keywords = {Occupational Therapy, Objective Activity, Epilepsy}, volume = {6}, Number = {3}, pages = {31-31}, publisher = {Shefa Neuroscience Research Center}, title_fa = {P4: The Role of Occupational Therapy on Improvement of Skills in Children with Epilepsy}, abstract_fa ={لطفاً به چکیده انگلیسی مراجعه شود.}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1791-en.html}, eprint = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1791-en.pdf}, journal = {The Neuroscience Journal of Shefaye Khatam}, issn = {2322-1887}, eissn = {2345-4814}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {Vajiheh, Aghamollaii}, title = {P5: Evaluating Executive Functions in Patients with Juvenile Myoclonic Epilepsy Using Frontal Assessment Battery}, abstract ={Introduction: It has been demonstrated that patients with juvenile myoclonic epilepsy (JME) have deficits in various aspects of executive functions. Frontal Assessment Battery (FAB) has proved to be a clinically useful tool for evaluating executive functions in patients with neurological disorders, particularly JME patients. In this research study, we intended to appraise the clinical utility of FAB for detection of deficits in executive functions in JME patients and its association with clinical and demographic features of JME patients. Materials and Methods: Thirty-one JME patients and 62 sex-matched healthy controls (HCs) were included in this study. Frontal Assessment Battery (FAB) has proved to be a clinically useful tool for evaluating executive functions in patients with neurological disorders, all included patients and healthy controls were first interviewed by an experienced neurologist and demographic and seizure-related characteristics were documented. In the next step, all of the six subtests of FAB were administered by a trained medical student.  Then we analyzed the results and defined differences between two groups and appraised the clinical utility of FAB for detection of deficits in executive functions in JME patients and its association with clinical and demographic features of JME patients. Results: Compared to HCs, JME patients achieved lower scores in four domains of FAB consisting of conceptualization, mental flexibility, programming, and inhibitory control. JME patients on polytherapy had significantly higher scores in three domains of FAB including conceptualization, mental flexibility, and inhibitory control, as well as total FAB score. Patients with a seizure within less than week did not achieve higher or lower score than patients with a seizure in a week or more. Furthermore, mental flexibility score was correlated with disease duration in JME patients. Conclusion: Patients with JME have deficits in different aspects of executive functions and FAB is useful clinical tool for evaluation of executive functions in these patients. Different treatment approaches can significantly affect the cognitive functioning in JME patients. Antiepileptic drug (AED) Polytherapy regimens can improve the performance of JME patients in various domains executive functions.}, Keywords = {Juvenile Myoclonic Epilepsy, Executive Function, Frontal Assessment Battery}, volume = {6}, Number = {3}, pages = {32-32}, publisher = {Shefa Neuroscience Research Center}, title_fa = {P5: Evaluating Executive Functions in Patients with Juvenile Myoclonic Epilepsy Using Frontal Assessment Battery}, abstract_fa ={لطفاً به چکیده انگلیسی مراجعه شود.}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1792-en.html}, eprint = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1792-en.pdf}, journal = {The Neuroscience Journal of Shefaye Khatam}, issn = {2322-1887}, eissn = {2345-4814}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {Abdolahi, Sara and Jafari, Robabeh}, title = {P6: The Connection Between Epilepsy and Depression}, abstract ={Introduction: Depression is the most common psychiatric problem in patients with epilepsy. These mood disorders in patients with epilepsy are often still remain unrecognized and untreated. The incidence of depression in epilepsy is significantly higher than that of the general population or patients with other neurological disorders. Depression may have an associated with on the quality- life of patients with epilepsy, sometimes even more than the seizures. The neuropsychiatric bases in epilepsy have attracted many researchers. The relationship between epilepsy and depression is not unidirectional, and some patients may have mood disorders before the onset of seizure. One of the reasons that may indicate a bidirectional relationship between depression and epilepsy, increased seizure risk following suicidal attempts. Several potential variables related to this issue for example: abnormal activity of several neurotransmitters including serotonin, noradrenalin, dopamine, GABA and glutamate and structural and functional abnormalities in temporal-and frontal-lobe. Conclusion: So far, psychotherapy for depression in epileptic patients has been used less. In the other hand, the efficiency of antidepressant drugs for depression in epilepsy is unknown. In epilepsy, in addition to stress, seizure-related states and depression and suicide events have also been reported. National psychiatric guidelines indicate that there are care models for stress management in these patients. The interaction between depression, seizures, treatment and psychosocial burden related to epilepsy, so neurologists play a key role in the treatment of epilepsy.}, Keywords = {Depression, Mood Disorders, Epilepsy}, volume = {6}, Number = {3}, pages = {33-33}, publisher = {Shefa Neuroscience Research Center}, title_fa = {P6: The Connection Between Epilepsy and Depression}, abstract_fa ={لطفاً به چکیده انگلیسی مراجعه شود.}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1793-en.html}, eprint = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1793-en.pdf}, journal = {The Neuroscience Journal of Shefaye Khatam}, issn = {2322-1887}, eissn = {2345-4814}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {Najmi, Zeinab and ModarresMousavi, Mostaf}, title = {P7: The Role of Aquaporins in Synaptic Plasticity and Epilepsy}, abstract ={Introduction: One family of small integral membrane proteins called "aquaporins" have crucial role in water transport. Aquaporin-4 (AQP4), a double-sided water channel protein, shows the highest levels of AQP4 in the central nervous system. AQP4 binds to a subset of potassium channels such as Kir4.1 and Kir5.1, which can affect synaptic transmission. Conclusion: Thus, AQP4 have crucial role in alterations of synaptic plasticity and cognition which implicated in diverse neurological diseases such as epilepsy.}, Keywords = {Synaptic Plasticity, Water Channel, Synaptic Transmission, Aquaporins}, volume = {6}, Number = {3}, pages = {34-34}, publisher = {Shefa Neuroscience Research Center}, title_fa = {P7: The Role of Aquaporins in Synaptic Plasticity and Epilepsy}, abstract_fa ={لطفاً به چکیده انگلیسی مراجعه شود.}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1794-en.html}, eprint = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1794-en.pdf}, journal = {The Neuroscience Journal of Shefaye Khatam}, issn = {2322-1887}, eissn = {2345-4814}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {Shiri, Elham and Shiri, Akram and Borhani-Haghighi, Maryam and Alipour, Fatemeh}, title = {P8: Temporal Lobe Epilepsy and Mitochondrial Dysfunction}, abstract ={Introduction: Epilepsy is a neurological disorder characterized by recurrence seizures resulting in disturbing effects on patients. Human temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) is a common destructive neurological disorder described by recurrent seizures and selective susceptibility of hippocampal neurons in specific parts of the hippocampus. The emphasis was placed on the role of mitochondrial dysfunction in epilepsy, with the fact that epilepsy is often inherited with mitochondrial disorders, such as myoclonic epilepsy with ragged red fibers (MERRF) epilepsy and also it is related with encephalopathy in children. Damage to proteins, lipids, mitochondrial DNA is considered as evidence for consequences of mitochondrial dysfunction in different animal models of TLE. The mitochondrial oxidative stress has been considered as the leading cause of epileptic seizures. Mitochondria is one of the most important organelles in cells and control neuronal excitability by controlling adenosine triphosphate (ATP) production, oxidation of fatty acid, amino acid, and neurotransmitter biosynthesis regulation. The first place where reactive oxygen species (ROS) is produced in mitochondria. On the other hand, mitochondria are too susceptible to oxidative damage which controls neuronal excitability. Initial trauma associated with TLE induces complex molecular, biochemical, physiological, and structural changes in the brain mitochondria that contribute to epileptogenesis and the subsequent onset of spontaneous and recurrent seizures. Mitochondrial damage is shown in studies from human imaging and tissue analysis from TLE patients. The mitochondrial malfunction can be considered as a central factor for seizures. In addition, mitochondrial oxidative stress may have a pathologic role in temporal lobe epilepsy. Another reason which attributes mitochondrial oxidative stress to seizure generation in TLE is age-dependent epileptogenesis and increasing in mitochondrial oxidative stress with age. Conclusion: It is proposed mitochondrial dysfunction high relevance in seizure generation in temporal lobe epilepsy with Ammon's horn sclerosis. Furthermore, mitochondria should be regarded as a promising target for future neuroprotective strategies in epilepsy.}, Keywords = {Temporal Lobe Epilepsy, Mitochondrial Oxidative Stress}, volume = {6}, Number = {3}, pages = {35-35}, publisher = {Shefa Neuroscience Research Center}, title_fa = {P8: Temporal Lobe Epilepsy and Mitochondrial Dysfunction}, abstract_fa ={لطفاً به چکیده انگلیسی مراجعه شود.}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1795-en.html}, eprint = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1795-en.pdf}, journal = {The Neuroscience Journal of Shefaye Khatam}, issn = {2322-1887}, eissn = {2345-4814}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {Ghasemi, Sepideh and Abdolahi, Sara and Gorji, Ali}, title = {P9: Isolation and Culture of Adult Microglia Cells Derived from Epileptic Human Brain Tissue}, abstract ={Introduction: Temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) is the most common form of drug-resistant epilepsy in adults and generally requires surgical therapy. Epilepsy surgery provides opportunities to isolate mixed glial cells, such as microglia. Microglia is the resident immune cells in the brain, although the role of these cells in epilepsy remains largely undiscovered.  Isolation and characterization of human microglia from epileptic tissue may improve our understanding of their basic function. Materials and Methods: Following surgical resection, human brain biopsy tissue was dissociated by mechanical and chemical digestion. Cell pellets were resuspended and cultured to medium containing growth factors and supplements. After 24 hours, floating and weakly attached cells were removed and microglia culture media was added to the plate for one week. Finally, to characterize the isolated cells, immunostaining was performed. After confirming cell phenotype, immunocytochemistry was done.  Results: Our procedure obtains microglia cultures of high yield from epileptic human brain tissue using a simple method. Isolated microglia express Iba1 marker. Conclusion: Microglia obtained from TLE surgery can be used for in vitro and in vivo investigation.}, Keywords = {Temporal Lobe Epilepsy, Epilepsy Surgery, Microglia, Iba1}, volume = {6}, Number = {3}, pages = {36-36}, publisher = {Shefa Neuroscience Research Center}, title_fa = {P9: Isolation and Culture of Adult Microglia Cells Derived from Epileptic Human Brain Tissue}, abstract_fa ={لطفاً به چکیده انگلیسی مراجعه شود.}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1797-en.html}, eprint = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1797-en.pdf}, journal = {The Neuroscience Journal of Shefaye Khatam}, issn = {2322-1887}, eissn = {2345-4814}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {Abdolahi, Sara and Aeini, Zahr}, title = {P10: Seizure and Cerebral Palsy in Children}, abstract ={Introduction: Cerebral palsy (CP) is a heterogeneouspermanent neurological disorder that may cause by nonprogressive damage to the developing brain. CP is associated with a higher incidence of seizure disorders, in other words seizure can be seen in about one-third of childhood patients with CP. Seizures are prevalent among children with CP because CP is caused by a brain injury occurring before, during or shortly after birth. Brain injuries may increase the opportunity for abnormal nerve activity to happen within the brain, which can result in seizures.All seizure types can be found in CP but the partial complex and secondarily seizures are the most common types. seizure appears in 15-60% of patients with CP. In addition to seizures, several other neurological diseases are also associated with CP. A few studies have been conducted in recent decades that explore the epidemiologic characteristics of seizure and CP in a pediatric population. Because the consider CP a childhood disorder. So far, studies have not been conducted on the population of CP that has reached adulthood. Conclusion: According to studies, children with seizures were at increased risk for psychic health, developmental, and physical comorbidities, increasing needs for care coordination and specialized services. In the future, more studies are needed to understand of epidemiology of seizure and cerebral palsy; health issues associated with these diseases and the development and evolution of these diseases over time.}, Keywords = {Seizure, Cerebral Palsy, Epilepsy}, volume = {6}, Number = {3}, pages = {37-37}, publisher = {Shefa Neuroscience Research Center}, title_fa = {P10: Seizure and Cerebral Palsy in Children}, abstract_fa ={لطفاً به چکیده انگلیسی مراجعه شود.}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1815-en.html}, eprint = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1815-en.pdf}, journal = {The Neuroscience Journal of Shefaye Khatam}, issn = {2322-1887}, eissn = {2345-4814}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {Najmi, Zeinab and ModarresMousavi, Mostaf}, title = {P11: The Role of Aquaporin-4Receotors in Mesial Temporal Epilepsy}, abstract ={Introduction: Aquaporin-4 (AQP4) express in glial cells and plays a crucial role in brain water and ion homeostasis during rapid neural activity. Only AQP-4 has been found in astrocyte, which is widely expressed throughout the brain, especially in the cerebrospinal fluid and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) interface, which may have contributed to edema and CSF absorption. Mesial temporal lobe epilepsy (MTLE) is a chronic seizure disorder that is often refractory to epilepsy treatment. The main cause of MTLE is not fully understood, but the ability to hyperexcitability in neuronal networks is an essential feature. Loss of AQP4 from perivascular endfeet of sclerotic hippocampus contributes to increased seizure propensity in human MTLE. Conclusion: In conclusion, mislocalization of AQP4 in different regions of hippocampus may contribute to the epileptogenicity of the MTLE patients.}, Keywords = {Temporal Epilepsy, Glial Cells, AQP4, Epileptogenicity}, volume = {6}, Number = {3}, pages = {38-38}, publisher = {Shefa Neuroscience Research Center}, title_fa = {P11: The Role of Aquaporin-4Receotors in Mesial Temporal Epilepsy}, abstract_fa ={لطفاً به چکیده انگلیسی مراجعه شود.}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1816-en.html}, eprint = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1816-en.pdf}, journal = {The Neuroscience Journal of Shefaye Khatam}, issn = {2322-1887}, eissn = {2345-4814}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {Elham, Shiri and Shiri, Akram and Borhani-Haghighi, Maryam and Alipour, Fatemeh}, title = {P12: Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Oxidative Stress in Epilepsy}, abstract ={Introduction: Mitochondria have essential functions such as the generation of ATP, metabolite/neurotransmitter synthesis, fatty acid oxidation, calcium homeostasis, control of cell death and they are the primary source of reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. Mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress play a pivotal role in several neurological disorders and recently the changes in mitochondria function have been shown in acquired epilepsies. An acute increase in mitochondrial oxidative stress and following damage to cellular macromolecules have been demonstrated in repeated seizures i.e. status epilepticus (SE). On the other hand, mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress reported in other disorders such as hypoxic-ischemic insults, traumatic brain injury, viral infection, and hyperthermia which can lead to chronic acquired epilepsies. In addition, epilepsy has been seen in disorders led by mutations in mtDNA and nuclear genes. Mitochondrial dysfunction during chronic epilepsy is characterized by a decrease in ETC complex I and IV activity, increase in complex II activity, and a decline in mitochondrial membrane potential in the CA1 and CA3 regions of hippocampus one month after pilocarpine-induced SE. It can be proposed that inhibition of complex I in mitochondria can lead to a rise in ROS production and/or RNS (Reactive nitrogen species) which may cause not only neuronal injury demonstrated in a model of seizures but also epileptogenesis. In recent years, a paramount of fundamental research has been directed toward developing pharmacologic approaches to restore mitochondria function. Conclusion: Evaluation of mitochondrial damage in epilepsy and the specific targeting of mitochondrial oxidative stress, malfunction, and bioenergetics may be novel strategies for decreasing epileptogenesis and seizure initiation.}, Keywords = {Epilepsy, Mitochondrial Dysfunction, Oxidative Stress}, volume = {6}, Number = {3}, pages = {39-39}, publisher = {Shefa Neuroscience Research Center}, title_fa = {P12: Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Oxidative Stress in Epilepsy}, abstract_fa ={لطفاً به چکیده انگلیسی مراجعه شود.}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1818-en.html}, eprint = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1818-en.pdf}, journal = {The Neuroscience Journal of Shefaye Khatam}, issn = {2322-1887}, eissn = {2345-4814}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {Najmi, Zeinab and ModarresMousavi, Mostaf}, title = {P13: Aquaporins Function as a Novel Therapeutic Strategy for a Variety of Cerebral Disorders}, abstract ={Introduction: Some cells have specialized channels in their plasma membranes that allow water to be transported though the lipid bilayer much more expeditiously than by simple diffusion which said “aquaporins”.  The aquaporins are a family of membrane proteins that perform as water channels in several cell varieties and tissues in which fluid transport is crucial, like the gastrointestinal tract, lung, secretory glands, and brain. A family of transmembrane molecules knowns as aquaporins facilitate the movement of water across cellular compartments. Conclusion: The critical role of Aquaporin-4 (AQP4) is in mediating water fluxes in response to neuronal activity and maybe in seizure-induced edema. Therefore, function or expression modulation of AQP4 in a variety of brain disorders includinghydrocephalus, tumor, stroke, and epilepsy can be suggested as a new therapeutic strategy.}, Keywords = {Therapeutic Strategy, Aquaporins, Epilepsy, Water Channels}, volume = {6}, Number = {3}, pages = {40-40}, publisher = {Shefa Neuroscience Research Center}, title_fa = {P13: Aquaporins Function as a Novel Therapeutic Strategy for a Variety of Cerebral Disorders}, abstract_fa ={لطفاً به چکیده انگلیسی مراجعه شود.}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1819-en.html}, eprint = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1819-en.pdf}, journal = {The Neuroscience Journal of Shefaye Khatam}, issn = {2322-1887}, eissn = {2345-4814}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {Shiri, Elham and Shiri, Akram and Borhani-Haghighi, Maryam and Alipour, Fatemeh}, title = {P14: Mitochondria as a Target for Drug Therapy in Epilepsy}, abstract ={Introduction: Epilepsy is one of the most common neurologic disorders, characterized by unprovoked, recurring seizures that interrupt the nervous system and can induce mental and physical dysfunction. Mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress play a central role in several neurological disorders, and recently mitochondrial dysfunction has been shown in acquired epilepsies. Mitochondrial dysfunction in repeated seizures can cause neuronal cell death which is an important characteristic of the drug-resistant type of epilepsy. Mitochondria are considered as targeted neuroprotective plans for a limited number of neurodegenerative disorders with mitochondrial pathologies such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and Chorea Huntington. The creatine/phosphocreatine system, adjusted by mitochondrial creatine kinase, plays an essential role in conserving energy balance in the brain. The buffering of neuronal energy levels by systemic creatine administration has been proposed for treatment. The supplemented creatine has been shown protective effect not only on neurodegenerative disorders but also on hypoxia-induced or traumatic brain injury. It was observed that creatin can reduce hypoxia-induced seizures but had the negative effect on temporal lobe epilepsy. Recent researches suggest that protection of mitochondria and decrease of oxidative stress-related events represent hopeful therapeutic methods for the treatment of various disorders. Metabolic antioxidants such as lipoic acid, N-acetyl cysteine, CoQ10 were tested for a potential neuroprotective effect in epilepsy. ketogenic diets particularly showed an increase in mitochondrial glutathione levels. Thus, current progress in developing mitochondria-targeted antioxidants is a promising approach for new therapeutic methods not only in ischemia/reperfusion but also in human epilepsy. Conclusion: Treatment with compounds possessing antioxidant properties and targeting mitochondrial dysfunction may in the future provide therapeutic strategies for the successful treatment of epilepsies.}, Keywords = {Epilepsy, Drug, Therapy, Mitochondria}, volume = {6}, Number = {3}, pages = {41-41}, publisher = {Shefa Neuroscience Research Center}, title_fa = {P14: Mitochondria as a Target for Drug Therapy in Epilepsy}, abstract_fa ={لطفاً به چکیده انگلیسی مراجعه شود.}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1820-en.html}, eprint = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1820-en.pdf}, journal = {The Neuroscience Journal of Shefaye Khatam}, issn = {2322-1887}, eissn = {2345-4814}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {Borhani-Haghighi, Maryam and Alipour, Fatemeh and Shiri, Elham and Shiri, Akram}, title = {P15: Astrocyte Dysfunction in Epilepsy}, abstract ={Introduction: Astrocytes play a pivotal role in epilepsy because of their malfunction in abnormal network excitability. Reactive astrocytes boost chemical signaling and interrupt equilibrium between water and potassium, which together increase local synchrony in microcircuits of hippocampus. Astrocytes play an important role in the processing of neural data and astrocyte processes enwrap the synapses to modulate neural activity by controlling neurotransmitter levels. neural activity is associated with rapid changes in the extracellular potassium concentration. Seizure activity results in increased concentrations of potassium out of the cell. The reduction of Kir channel expression in astrocytes was observed in human and experimental epilepsy. Reduced expression of EAAT1, EAAT2 transfer channels in the astrocytes of the human epileptic hippocampus has been reported.these channels control glutamate transferring and increasing the extracellular glutamate reduces the seizure threshold. Another factor that probably contributes to the increase in extracellular potassium concentration is astrocyte gap junction. Glutamate is converted to glutamine via glutamine synthase. In chronic epileptic hippocampus; reducing the activity of this enzyme reduces the secretion of glutamine, which leads to a decrease in the gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) in the interneurons and hyperactivity. AQP4 along with Kir channel in astrocytes also contribute to the regulation of extracellular potassium. It has been suggested that in mesial temporal lobe epilepsy, displacement of AQP4 channels along with decreasing the expression of kir channels in astrocytes may interfere with the regulation of extracellular potassium concentration and increase the tendency to seizure. It has been suggested that in mesial temporal lobe epilepsy, displacement of AQP4 channels along with decreasing the expression of kir channels in astrocytes may interfere with the regulation of extracellular potassium concentration and increase the tendency to seizure. According to what was said, disturbance in astrocyte causes hyperexcitation, neurotoxicity and the development or spread of seizure activity. Conclusion: Due to the central role of astrocytes in regulating normal brain function, the causative agent of epilepsy can be attributed to astrocyte dysfunction. Also, new findings suggest that astrocytes can be considered as a therapeutic goal for epilepsy.}, Keywords = {Astrocyte, Epilepsy, Aquaporin, Channel}, volume = {6}, Number = {3}, pages = {42-42}, publisher = {Shefa Neuroscience Research Center}, title_fa = {P15: Astrocyte Dysfunction in Epilepsy}, abstract_fa ={لطفاً به چکیده انگلیسی مراجعه شود.}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1821-en.html}, eprint = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1821-en.pdf}, journal = {The Neuroscience Journal of Shefaye Khatam}, issn = {2322-1887}, eissn = {2345-4814}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {Mousavi, Razieh and Aludary, Hasan and Rasouli, Reza and Koulivand, Pir Hossei}, title = {Design and Explanation of Medical Error Control Model: A Case Study in Hospitals Affiliated to Social Security Organization of Khuzestan Province}, abstract ={Introduction: An error could be occurred as long as human performance is carried out in a complex environment and the likelihood of this increase under stress and fatigue. Organizations should manage the errors efficiently and reduce the likelihood of occurrence of the error. Medical errors are one of the most important health threats worldwide. The present study was aimed to provide a model for controlling medical errors; a step towards reducing the incidence of hospital errors and preventing recurrence of these errors. Materials and Methods: The approach was a combination of qualitative and quantitative methods. In the first stage, the results of analyzing the data led to the creation of the basic data theory in the field of medical error control. In the second stage of the study, a test was conducted to investigate the relationship between the variables. Results: Individual, management, and organizational factors as well as patient and family-related factors, factors related to the occurrence of errors, and interpersonal communication between managers and personnel had a significant effect on the control of medical error. Conclusion: The efficacy of designed model was approved. This model can be an effective step towards reducing the incidence of hospital errors.}, Keywords = {Medical Errors,Hospitals, Patients}, volume = {6}, Number = {3}, pages = {43-49}, publisher = {Shefa Neuroscience Research Center}, title_fa = {طراحی و تبیین مدل کنترل خطای پزشکی: مورد مطالعه در بیمارستان‌های وابسته به سازمان تأمین اجتماعی استان خوزستان}, abstract_fa ={مقدمه: خطا تا زمانی‌که عملکرد انسان‌ها در یک محیط پیچیده صورت ‌گیرد ممکن است رخ دهد و احتمال این امر در شرایط استرس و خستگی افزایش می‌یابد. سازمان‌ها باید خطاها را به صورت کارآمد مدیریت کنند و احتمال وقوع خطا را کاهش دهند. خطاهای درمانی یکی از مهم‌ترین تهدیدات پزشکی در تمام دنیاست. هدف از پژوهش حاضر ارائه مدلی برای کنترل خطاهای پزشکی، قدمی در جهت کاهش بروز خطا در بیمارستان و پیشگیری از بروز مجدد این خطاها بود. مواد و روش‌ها: رویکرد ترکیبی از روش‌های کیفی و کمی بود. در مرحله اول نتایج تجزیه و تحلیل داده‌ها منجر به ایجاد نظریه داده بنیان در حوزه کنترل خطای پزشکی گردید. در مرحله دوم تحقیق آزمون وجود رابطه بین متغیرها انجام شد. یافته‌ها: عوامل فردی، مدیریتی و سازمانی و همچنین عوامل مرتبط با بیمار و خانواده، عوامل مرتبط با بروز خطاها و ارتباطات بین فردی مدیران و پرسنل تأثیر معنی‌داری بر کنترل خطای پزشکی دارند. نتیجه‌گیری: اثربخشی مدل طراحی شده مورد تأیید قرار گرفت. این مدل می‌تواند گام مؤثری در جهت کاهش بروز خطاها در بیمارستان باشد.}, keywords_fa = {خطاهای پزشکی, بیمارستان‌ها, بیمارها}, url = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1837-en.html}, eprint = {http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-1837-en.pdf}, journal = {The Neuroscience Journal of Shefaye Khatam}, issn = {2322-1887}, eissn = {2345-4814}, year = {2018} }