Shefa Neuroscience Research Center The Neuroscience Journal of Shefaye Khatam 2322-1887 7 2 2019 4 1 Effect of Transcranial Direct Current Stmulation on the Response Inhibition in Patient with Obsessive Compulsive Disorder 1 12 FA Mahsa Shahmohammadi Kaleybar Department of Cognitive Psychology, Azarbaijan Shahid Madani University,Tabriz, Iran Hasan Bafandeh Department of Psychology, Azarbaijan Shahid Madani University,Tabriz, Iran Rahim Yousefi Department of Psychology, Azarbaijan Shahid Madani University,Tabriz, Iran Reza Rahbaran Department of Clinical Psychology,Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University,Tabriz, Iran Introduction: Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS) can improve or impair the function of the brain. Deficiency in response inhibition has been considered as one of the causes of psychiatric disorders, such as obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). The present investigation scrutinized the effect of transcranial direct current stimulation through simultaneous uni-side anodal on response inhibition in patients suffering from OCD. Materials and Methods: The participants were 25 patients who referred to Counseling Center of the Azarbaijan Shahid Madani University in 1396. The participants were divided in two groups and received two different types of stimulations; anodal and sham stimulations on F3 area as well as cathode stimulation on the orbitofrontal cortex (ten 20-minute 2mA tDCS sessions). Results: The results revealed that application of tDCS through simultaneous anodal significantly improved response inhibition in patients suffering from OCD. Conclusion: The findings have shown that application of anodal tDCS can improve the response inhibition in OCD patients, possibly via enhancement of excitability in the prefrontal cortex.

Shefa Neuroscience Research Center The Neuroscience Journal of Shefaye Khatam 2322-1887 7 2 2019 4 1 Investigation of Psychometric Properties of Misophonia Questionnaire 13 22 FA Mahnaz Mehrabizadeh Honarmand Department of Psychology, Faculty of Education and Psychology, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran Khadijeh Roushani Department of Psychology, Faculty of Education and Psychology, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran Introduction: Misophonia is a condition in which individuals react negatively to sounds that occur in particular situations, but they tolerate other sounds that are frequently much louder. The present research was conducted to investigate of psychometric properties of Misophonia Questionnaire in college students in order to provide a tool for evaluation in the research process and used by researchers and therapists. Materials and Methods: The sample of this study was 319 undergraduate students (176 females and 143 male) who were selected from students of Payame Noor University of Ahvaz by multi-stage sampling method. The instruments of this study consisted of Misophonia Questionnaire of Wu, Lewin, Murphy & Storch, Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale, Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI-II) and Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-II). Results: The internal consistency with Cronbach's alpha and correlation of each questionnaire's items with total score of scale showed acceptable reliability. In addition, confirmatory factor analysis showed that two-factor structure of this scale was appropriate. Furthermore, the results of convergent validity indicated that Misophonia Questionnaire has a significant positive relationship with Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale, Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI-II) and Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-II). Conclusion: The results showed that Misophonia Questionnaire is a valid and reliable scale for measuring misophonia in Iranian student.

Shefa Neuroscience Research Center The Neuroscience Journal of Shefaye Khatam 2322-1887 7 2 2019 4 1 The Interrelationship between Job Stress with the Immune System and Functional Memory of Women Working in Diagnostic Laboratories 23 32 FA Mansoureh Sadeghi-Yarandi Department of Counseling, Faculty of Humanities, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran Anahita Khodabakhshi-Koolaee Department of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Faculty of Humanities, Khatam University, Tehran, Iran Mohammad Reza Falsafinejad Department of Assessment and Measurement, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Allameh Tabataba'i University, Tehran, Iran Neda Khaletbari Department of Health,Tehran University of Medical Sceinces, Tehran, Iran Introduction: Job stress is a psychological state that results from a feeling of inconsistency between capacities and situations and a kind of non-specific response to all factors that can affect the immune system and functional memory. This study was aimed to investigate the relationship between job stress with the immune system and functional memory of women working in diagnostic laboratories. Materials and Methods: Correlation method was used to evaluate the hypotheses. The study population includes all women employed in medical diagnostic laboratories affiliated to Tehran University of Medical Sciences in 2016. The sample group consisted of women range of 35-55 years old, who was working in the laboratory. They were selected randomly from the population. For this purpose, job stress questionnaire of the UK executive Health and Safety, blood serum cortisol test and Wechsler Memory Scale were used to collect information. Results: Statistical analysis showed that job stress and the immune system of women working in clinical laboratories had the positive and meaningful correlation (r=0.66). The most important factors of the minor scale of job stress were colleagues support and communication, which represnt 29.6% and 23% of the variation of immune system. Functional memory with job stress also had a positive and meaningful correlation (r=0.57). The communication and control had the most share in establishing functional memory variation (18.6%). Using the communication as a single test, 9.2% of workers had established the variation of functional memory. Conclusion: In general, the job stress and its sub-scale supporting by friends and control can be predicted the immunological system and functional memory of employed women. It seems that clinicians and professionals could be applying these psychological and physical factors for improving the productivity of employees in clinical laboratory services.

Shefa Neuroscience Research Center The Neuroscience Journal of Shefaye Khatam 2322-1887 7 2 2019 4 1 The Role of Functional Synchronization of Alpha Waves in Divergent and Convergent Thinking 33 43 FA Emad Aazr Department of Cognitive Psychology, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran Imanollah Bigdeli Department of Psychology, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran Ali Ghanaei Chamanabad Department of Psychology, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran Introduction: Alpha frequency band in the range of 8-12 Hz is associated with cognitive functions, such as creativity. The aim of this study was to examine the activity of the alpha frequency band in two divergent and convergent thinking positions. Materials and Methods: In accordance to the available sampling and voluntary participation, thirty-eight postgraduate students of the Ferdowsi University of Mashhad (19 males and 19 female) were chosen. Two subjects were excluded from the analysis due to artifacts in their brain waves. This study was a quasi-experimental research with repeated measures. The EEG was recorded during the performance of four tasks (alternative uses test, counting the snakes, counting numbers test, and Missionaries and Cannibals task) in two divergent and convergent thinking. Results: The findings revealed that there is no significant difference between the activity of alpha waves in the left and right hemispheres in divergent thinking as well as in convergent thinking. In addition, the results of the analysis of variance of repeated measures indicated that in divergent thinking activity of alpha waves in the temporal, central and frontal areas were synchronized, while in the convergent thinking position de-synchronization of alpha waves was observed. Conclusion: Alpha band power changes in two divergent and convergent thinking positions represented of different functional mechanisms of alpha waves in these two thinking positions in different regions of the brain.

Shefa Neuroscience Research Center The Neuroscience Journal of Shefaye Khatam 2322-1887 7 2 2019 4 1 The Role of the Mediator of Attachment Styles in the Relationship between Personality Traits and Fetishism 44 55 FA Leyla Rastgar Faraj Zadeh Department of Psychology, Faculty of Educational Sciences and Psychology, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran Abolfazl Mohammadian Department of Psychology,Faculty of Psychology,University of Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran Introduction: Fetishism as a sexual deviation is characterized by imaginations, desires, and frequent sexual behaviors focused on objects that are not sexually suggestive to others. This research with a dual purpose, on the one hand, examined the relationship between personality traits, attachment styles and fetishism, and on the other hand, measured the role of attachment styles in relation between personality traits and fetishism. Materials and Methods: This is a descriptive and correlational study. The statistical population of the present study was the men over 18 years of age in Tabriz in 2018. From among the community, a sample of 300 participants was selected through available sampling. The research instruments were Adult Attachment Inventory (AAI), NEO Five-Factor Inventory (NEO-FFI) and the Multidimensional Inventory of Development, Sex, and Aggression (MIDSA). Results: The Results showed that the higher the individual score in the variables of neuroticism and agreeableness, the greater the likelihood of a person having a fetishism. Possibly, those with a neurotic trait are more likely to have an avoidant and ambivalent insecure attachment style. The results of multivariable regression analysis also showed that 14% of the fetishism can be explained by personality traits. The greatest contribution was to neuroticism (P<0.01) and then agreeableness (P<0.05). Furthermore, three variables of avoidant attachment, secure attachment and ambivalent attachment predicted a total of 24% of the variance of the fetishism variable. Given the beta value, it is determined that the ambivalent attachment style has the greatest effect on the fetishism variable. Finally, attachment styles act as mediators of the personality trait of neuroticism and fetishism. Conclusion: Avoidant and ambivalent insecure attachment styles along with personality traits, neuroticism and agreeableness, can lead to sexual deviations, such as Fetishism.

Shefa Neuroscience Research Center The Neuroscience Journal of Shefaye Khatam 2322-1887 7 2 2019 4 1 Evaluation of Learning in Performance of Shahroud University of Medical Sciences Hospitals by Using European Foundation for Quality Management Criteria in Setting Balanced Scorecard Indicators 56 65 FA Mohammad Yahyae Department of Public Administration, Faculty of Management, Payame Noor University, Tehran, Iran Ali Akbar Ahmadi Department of Public Administration, Faculty of Management, Center of West Tehran, Payame Noor University, Tehran, Iran Department of Organizational Behavior Management, Faculty of Management, Payame Noor University, Tehran, Iran Department of Public Administration, Faculty of Management, Payame Noor University, Tehran, Iran Introduction: Balanced scorecard (BSC) is one of the best and most used models for evaluating the performance in hospitals, which deals with four evaluation points and learning is one of them. To use this model, a conceptual model should be provided to develop a set of performance indicators in line with the hospital strategy goals. The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of learning in assessing the performance of Shahroud hospitals by using the European Foundation for Quality Management (EFQM) criteria in the regulation of BSC indices. Materials and Methods: A simple random sampling method was used for this survey. The statistical population includes all employed and admitted patients in Imam Hossein and Bahar hospitals in the year 2018. Sample size in Imam Hussein Hospital was 700 and in the Bahar hospital was 200 people. To collect data, four separate questionnaires were used based on the four criteria of BSC, the EFQM criteria, and the standard SERVQUAL questionnaire. Content validity of the questionnaires was confirmed by 11 experts in the treatment and accreditation group of hospitals (professors and senior management experts). Results: By reviewing the BSC sights and the relationship between their goals, the perspective of the squadrons was at the best level and in the order of progress, financial and growth and learning was at the lowest level. Increasing employee satisfaction and encouraging innovation as the most basic goal and patient satisfaction from the physical environment was at the highest level of the strategy map. Conclusion: This method, in addition to providing a new aspect for determining the BSC indices, accurately revealed that investment in the field of growth and learning is very important. This is important as they ultimately are the members that affect the processes and outcomes of the organization and achieve the goals of other landscapes and reach the outlook of the hospital. Furthermore, it is recommended that hospital managers use common indicators between BSC and EFQM to facilitate the implementation of accreditation in hospitals.

Shefa Neuroscience Research Center The Neuroscience Journal of Shefaye Khatam 2322-1887 7 2 2019 4 1 The Role of Extracellular Matrix in Myelination and Oligodendrogenesis of the Central Nervous System 66 82 FA Zabihollah Khaksar Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran Hassan Morovvati Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran Hamid Reza Moradi Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran Sajad Sahab Negah a. Department of Neuroscience, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran. b. Shefa Neuroscience Research Center, Khatam Alanbia Hospital, Tehran, Iran Introduction: Myelin is produced by oligodendrocytes in the central nervous system (CNS). Extracellular matrix (ECM) plays a key role in the regulation and coordination between oligodendrocytes, axons, and myelin. The development and survival of the CNS depend on the precise function of ECM components, including proteins, glycoproteins, glycosaminoglycans and proteoglycans. Structurally, ECM provides anchor points for nerve cells and facilitates the organization of these cells in different CNS areas. Chemically, ECM is the source of a variety of molecular signals that cause the growth, differentiation, and survival of the neuronal cells. In this study, we discuss the role of the components, factors, and signaling pathways of in ECM, including laminin, collagen, fibronectin, neurotrophic factors, neuregulin, tenascin, transferrin, semaphorin and chondroitin sulfate on regulation of myelination in the CNS. Exact coordination of positive and negative regulators of ECM for myelination is important in the production and maintenance of the correct amount of myelin to optimize the function of the CNS. Suitable ECM mimics in 3D culture media for myelination or remyelination can play an important role in improving the therapeutic strategies in myelin sheath degenerative diseases. Conclusions: In this review, we discuss how ECM regulates the CNS myelination and oligodendrogenesis. We also review the role of ECM in demyelinating diseases and discuss 3D mediums for the models of neurodegenerative diseases.

Shefa Neuroscience Research Center The Neuroscience Journal of Shefaye Khatam 2322-1887 7 2 2019 4 1 Hypothermia and Stroke: Pros and Cons 83 98 FA Firoozeh Alavian Faculty of Sciences, Farhangian University, Tehran, Iran Introduction: Stroke is one of the main causes of mortality worldwide. Stroke survivors suffer from pain and a variety of physical disabilities as well as mood disorders, such as depression. More than 25% of stroke survivors permanently disabled and lose daily independence activities; thus, effective treatment is essential. For a long time, researchers have tried to find ways to reduce the brain damage following stroke. Trying to find Pharmaceutical ways in spite of the huge economic investment has failed. In addition to pharmacological treatments, rehabilitation of stroke is important. It is likely that molecular changes are crucial for spontaneous recovery. The purpose of this systematic review was to evaluate the effectiveness of hypothermia for reducing mortality and morbidity after stroke. This is a quantitative research to achieve the objectives using of the previous study analysis. Conclusion: Empirical work and clinical observation have shown the relationship between temperature and brain damage in stroke; in which stroke with fever is associated with a significant increase in mortality. Prevention of temperatures rising in the early stages of stroke has been advised. Although stroke rehabilitation is beneficial, significant achievements occurs within the first hours and days after the stroke. Understanding of the protective role of hypothermia may improve the efforts to reduce the brain injuries following stroke.

Shefa Neuroscience Research Center The Neuroscience Journal of Shefaye Khatam 2322-1887 7 2 2019 4 1 The Role of Serotonin and Dopamine Neurotransmitters in Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder 99 106 FA Mohammad Nabizadeh Faculty of Psychology, Isfahan University, Isfahan, Iran Introduction: Therapeutic advances, brain imaging studies, and the results of drug-related research, have led to revising the etiology theories of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and establishing new research paradigms. OCD is considered as a psychiatric neuropathy with an essential biological nerve abnormality. In this context, the important determinant factor of the human quality of thinking is the processing of information in different neuronal networks. The microenvironment of the brain is important for the efficiency and accuracy of thought. In the present study, the neurochemical properties and the role of various neurotransmitters in OCD are discussed. Conclusion: Numerous studies have shown that the serotonergic 5-HT2C receptor plays an important role in the pathophysiology of OCD. Furthermore, OCD is associated with changes in the striatal serotonergic system. The density of the serotonergic neurotransmitters markedly increases in the striatum. In addition to serotonin, dopaminergic D3, D2, D1 receptors play a crucial role in the development of OCD. A significant enhancement of dopamine function is observed in the nucleus accumbens and right prefrontal cortex.

Shefa Neuroscience Research Center The Neuroscience Journal of Shefaye Khatam 2322-1887 7 2 2019 4 1 The Importance of Theatre Therapy (Psychodrama) In the Treatment of Children and Adolescents with Autism Spectrum Disorder 107 115 FA Kaveh Moghaddam Private University of AlleTaha, Tehran, Iran Aida Ravarian Pediatric Neurorehabilitation Research Center, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran Farhoud Saied Ershadi University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran Ali Gorji Shefa Neuroscience Research Center, Khatam Alanbia Hospital, Tehran, Iran Introduction: Children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorder are a group of children who suffer from odd and strange problems in the interpersonal relationship, social interaction with peer groups and others, verbal skills and daily living interests, and behaviors and movements. These problems can lead to several psychological and emotional disturbances in their family. Conclusion: Beside the rehabilitation, education and therapeutic interventions as well as art and music therapy, several investigations have shown that psychodrama or theatre therapy is a beneficial approach for the children with autism spectrum disorder associated with cognitive, perceptual and verbal function difficulties. The studies have shown that theatre therapy improves the symptoms of autism spectrum disorder in children. The present article discusses the importance of theatre and psychodrama in the treatment of children with autism spectrum disorder.