Shefa Neuroscience Research Center
The Neuroscience Journal of Shefaye Khatam
2322-1887
2
3
2014
9
1
The Effects of NigellaSativa Hydro-Alcoholic Extract on Spatial Memory Impairment Induced by Seizures in Rats
1
8
FA
Zahra
Hassanzadeh
Department of Physiology, College of Sciences, Shiraz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shiraz, Iran.
Mohammad Amin
Edalatmanesh
Department of Physiology, College of Sciences, Shiraz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shiraz, Iran.
Masoumeh
Seghatoleslam
Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
Mahmoud
Hosseini
Neurocognitive Research Center, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
Introduction: It is suggested that repetitive seizure attacks lead to the hippocampal neuronal damage and memory impairments. Some therapeutic effects, including analgesic, neuroprotective, antioxidant and anticonvulsant properties, of Nigella sativa (NS) have been reported. In the present study, the effects of hydro-alcoholic extract of NS were investigated on spatial memory damage in penthylenetetrazole (PTZ)-induced seizures in rats. Materials and Methods: Male Wistar rats were divided into five groups: group 1 (control group) received saline. The animals in group 2 (PTZ group) were treated by saline and were injected by PTZ (50mg/kg, ip). Groups 3 (PTZ+NS 100), 4 (PTZ+NS 200) and 5 (PTZ+NS 400) were treated by 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg of NS extract (ip), respectively, 30 min prior to each PTZ injection for 5 consecutive days. Finally, the animals were examined by Morris water maze test. Results: The animals of PTZ+NS 100, PTZ+NS 200, and PTZ+NS 400 had significant lower seizure scores compared to PTZ group. The latency to the onset of seizures were also significantly higher in these groups than that of PTZ group. In Morris water maze test, the time spent and traveled distance in target quadrant by the animals of PTZ group was lower than that of control group. Pretreatment by all doses of the extract increased the time spent and traveled distance in target quadrant compared to PTZ group. Conclusion: The present data suggest that the hydro-alcoholic extract of NS possesses beneficial effects on spatial memory impairments in PTZ seizures model.
Shefa Neuroscience Research Center
The Neuroscience Journal of Shefaye Khatam
2322-1887
2
3
2014
9
1
Effects of Acrylamide and Vitamin C on Histological Changes and Stereological Parameters of Cerebellum in Rat Offsprings
9
18
FA
Hengameh
Dortaj
Department of Biology & Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, ShahidSadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran.
Maryam
Yadegari
Department of Biology & Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, ShahidSadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran.
Mohammad
Hosseini Sharif Abad
Department of Biology & Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, ShahidSadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran.
Abolghasem
Abbasi Sarcheshmeh
Department of Biology & Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, ShahidSadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran.
Morteza
Anvari
Department of Biology & Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, ShahidSadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran.
Introduction: Acrylamide (ACR) is a substance chemical used in industrial and laboratory procedures. Acrylamide according to the method of cooking foods are increasingly usedand its adverse effects on multiple organ systems have been described sporadically in the literature. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of prenatal (maternal) ACR consumption on the physical development and thechanges of cerebellar volume in the rat embryo. Materials and Methods: Female pregnant Wistarrats were orally administered 10 mg/kg ACR and/or 200 mg/kg vitamin C (vit C) solution. Pregnant rats were sacrificed on the 15thday of gestation and mother’s weight was measured. After that, their fetuses were taken out and were evaluated for fetus number and weight, crown-rump length (CRL) and cerebellar development. A total of 100 sections were cut through the entire cerebellum. From these sections, approximately 10 equidistant sections were systematic uniformly random sampled with an initial random start and stained with hematoxylin-eosin for volume estimation. The cerebellar volume was estimated by micro-projection and cavaliers’method. Results: The results showed that ACR caused a significant reduction in mother’s weight and volume of cerebellum as well as in the number of fetus.Histological and stereological examinations revealed that the cerebellar volume was decreased in ACR and ACR+vit C groupsvs control animals. Conclusion: ACR exhibits a harmful effect on the development of the brain, which may be prevented by administration of vit C.
Shefa Neuroscience Research Center
The Neuroscience Journal of Shefaye Khatam
2322-1887
2
3
2014
9
1
The Effects of Sodium Valproate on Learning and Memory Processes in TrimethyltinModel of Alzheimer’s Disease
19
26
FA
Shima
Golestani
Department of Physiology, College of Sciences, Shiraz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shiraz, Iran.
Mohammad Amin
Edalatmanesh
Department of Physiology, College of Sciences, Shiraz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shiraz, Iran.
Mahmoud
Hosseini
Neurocognitive Research Center, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
Introduction: Trimethyltin (TMT) acts as a potent neurotoxic compound, especially in the hippocampus and therefore, it induces cognitive and memory impairments in both human and animals. The beneficial effects of sodium valproate (VPA) on cognitive functions of the brain havebeen suggested.In the present study, the effect of VPA on learning and memory deficits induced by trimethyltin was investigated in rats using Morris water maze test. Materials and Methods: Twenty three male Wistar rats were divided into control, TMT and TMT+VPA groups. TMT was injected as a single dose (12 mg/kg) in the TMT as well as TMT+VPA groups. Animals of the TMT+VPA group were treated by 10 mg/kg of the VPA daily for 2 weeks. Then, Morris water maze test was performed for all groups. Results: The escape latency and traveled path to reach the platform in the TMT group were significantly higher than control group.Treatment with VPA 10 mg/kg prevented prolongation of escape latency and traveled path induced by TMT application. There were no significant differences between TMT+VPA and control groups. Conclusion: The results of the present study showed that valproic acid prevented TMT-induced memory deficits. Further investigations are needed to elucidate the mechanism of neuroprotective action of VPA in TMT model.
Shefa Neuroscience Research Center
The Neuroscience Journal of Shefaye Khatam
2322-1887
2
3
2014
9
1
Protective Effects of Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (rTMS) on Seizure Attacks and Neuronal Injuries in Rats
27
36
FA
Babak
Khodaie
a. Radiation Research Center, Faculty of Paramedicine, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. b. Shefa Neuroscience Research Center, Khatam Alanbia Hospital, Tehran, Iran.
Hassan
Hosseini Ravandi
Shefa Neuroscience Research Center, Khatam Alanbia Hospital, Tehran, Iran.
Kamran
Azma
Radiation Research Center, Faculty of Paramedicine, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Valiallah
Saba
Radiation Research Center, Faculty of Paramedicine, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Introduction: Epilepsy has been known as a chronic brain disorder, influences large number of population around the world. Seizures should be treated as soon as possible to avoid the development of chronic epilepsy. Furthermore, there are some complications following surgical resection of epileptic focus and drug treatment. Transcranial magnetic stimulation has been suggested to generate current flow in the brain and could be an alternative to drug treatment or surgery. We study the protective effects of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) on seizure attacks and cellular damage in the amygdala in rats. Materials and Methods: In the present study four groups of rats including intact, pentylenetetrazole, rTMS+pentylenetetrazole and rTMS were used to investigate rTMS effects on cellular activity and seizure attacks in a model of epilepsy. The rTMS was applied for a month and then seizures was induced by intraperitoneally injection of pentylenetetrazole and seizure scores were determined. Finally, rats were killed and neuronal injury was evaluated in the amygdala. Results: Seizure scores as well as histological assessment revealed a significant reduction on seizure attacks and the mean number of necrotic cells in the amygdala following rTMS application. Conclusion: This study advocated a protective effect of rTMS on cellular structure in epilepsy. However, safety of rTMS in clinical practice need further investigations.
Shefa Neuroscience Research Center
The Neuroscience Journal of Shefaye Khatam
2322-1887
2
3
2014
9
1
Effect of Sumatriptan on Learning and Memory Impairment Resulting from Repetitive Spreading Depression
37
44
FA
Mahmoud
Lotfinia
a. Shefa Neuroscience Research Center, Khatam Alanbia Hospital, Tehran, Iran. b. School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Ahmad Ali
Lotfinia
Shefa Neuroscience Research Center, Khatam Alanbia Hospital, Tehran, Iran.
Sina
Asaadi
School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Introduction: Spreading depression (SD) is a transient and self-propagating wave of neuronal and glial depolarization, followed by temporary loss of all brain activities. SD has been implicated in migraine and other headaches and can be evoked in experimental animals by electrical or chemical stimulation. It has been shown that repetitive SD produced memory deficits in juvenile rats. The effect of migraine prophylactic drugs on SD has been reported. In the present study, the effect of sumatriptan, a migraine prophylactic drug, on SD-induced memory impairments in juvenile rats was investigated. Materials and Methods: Wistar rats (60-80 gr) were divided into SD, Sham, 0.1 sumatriptan- and 0.5 sumatriptan-treated groups and SD was induced weekly for four weeks by KCl (2 M) application. Sumatriptan (0.1 and 0.5 mg/kg) was also administrated weekly for 4 weeks in treatment groups. Memory retention of passive avoidance learning in rats was evaluated by shuttle box test in different time points. Results: SD significantly increased the initial latency to enter the dark compartment. SD also impaired the retention of the learned tasks. Administration of low dose sumatriptan caused improvement in memory retention 30 minutes after learning, while the high doses could improve the memory 30 minutes, 24 hours and 1 week after learning. Conclusion: This study shows the positive role of sumatriptan in learning and memory impairment induced by repetitive SD.
Shefa Neuroscience Research Center
The Neuroscience Journal of Shefaye Khatam
2322-1887
2
3
2014
9
1
The Efficacy of Metacognitive Therapy on Depression Symptoms Reduction, Cognitive Attentional Syndrome Components and Maladaptive Coping Styles in Patients with Major Depression
45
52
FA
Reihaneh
Dargahian
Psychology Group, School of Educational Science, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran.
Shahram
Mohammadkhani
Psychology Group, School of Educational Science, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran.
Jafar
Hasani
Psychology Group, School of Educational Science, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran.
Introduction: The aim of this study was to investigate the efficacy of metacognitive therapy (MCT) on improvement of symptoms of major depression, cognitive attentional syndrome, and maladaptive copings in two patients with major depression. Case Description: In a single case experiment with multiple baseline design 2 women suffering from major depressive disorder (MDD) were treated with eighth weekly sessions of MCT and antidepressant medications. Instruments used in this research were included Beck depression inventory, major depressive disorder scale (MDD-S), metacognitive beliefs, metacognitions questionnaires, ruminative response style (RRS), and cognitive attentional syndrome (CAS) scale. Results: Data indicated that metacognitive treatment resulted in reduction of subject's scores in metacognitive scale and RRS scale in post-test and 2 months follow up. The CAS and MDD-S scores showed remarkable reduction. Conclusion: Metacognitive therapy as a new emerging approach appears to be an effective treatment approach for patients suffering from MDD. The effect of MCT can be due to decrease in rumination and/or positive and negative metacognitive beliefs.
Shefa Neuroscience Research Center
The Neuroscience Journal of Shefaye Khatam
2322-1887
2
3
2014
9
1
Propagation of Spreading Depression: A Review of Different Hypothesis
53
64
FA
Mahmoud
Lotfinia
a. Shefa Neuroscience Research Center, Khatam Alanbia Hospital, Tehran, Iran. b. School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Ahmad Ali
Lotfinia
Shefa Neuroscience Research Center, Khatam Alanbia Hospital, Tehran, Iran.
Babak
Khodaie
Shefa Neuroscience Research Center, Khatam Alanbia Hospital, Tehran, Iran.
Milad
Ahmadi
Shefa Neuroscience Research Center, Khatam Alanbia Hospital, Tehran, Iran.
Sina
Asaadi
Functional Neurosurgery Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Maryam
Jafarian
a. Shefa Neuroscience Research Center, Khatam Alanbia Hospital, Tehran, Iran. b. School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Introduction: Spreading depression is a transient and self-propagating wave of neuronal and glial depolarization, followed by a temporary loss of brain activities. Spreading depression is known by a huge redistribution of ions between extra- and intracellular spaces and spreads at the velocity of 2-3 mm/min in all directions. Investigations indicate the role of spreading depression in several neurological disorders, including migraine with aura, epilepsy, traumatic brain injuries, transient global amnesia, stroke, and spinal cord diseases. Conclusion: Despite decades of research and hundreds of reports on the mechanism of spreading depression propagation, the exact mechanism of propagation still need to be elucidated. The present study reviews a group of these observations, in order to give some new insights into the complex mechanism of the propagation of spreading depression.
Shefa Neuroscience Research Center
The Neuroscience Journal of Shefaye Khatam
2322-1887
2
3
2014
9
1
The Role of Dopamine Receptors during Brain Development
65
76
FA
Sajad
Sahab Negah
a. Shefa Neuroscience Research Center, Khatam Alanbia Hospital, Tehran, Iran.
Zabihollah
Khaksar
Histology and Embryology Group, Basic Science Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran.
Hadi
Kazemi
a. Shefa Neuroscience Research Center, Khatam Alanbia Hospital, Tehran, Iran. b. Pediatric Department, Medical Faculty, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran.
Hadi
Aligholi
a. Shefa Neuroscience Research Center, Khatam Alanbia Hospital, Tehran, Iran. b. Neuroscience Group, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Maryam
Safahani
Shefa Neuroscience Research Center, Khatam Alanbia Hospital, Tehran, Iran.
Mostafa
Modarres Mousavi
Shefa Neuroscience Research Center, Khatam Alanbia Hospital, Tehran, Iran.
Shahin
Mohammad Sadeghi
Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Introduction: Brain development requires a complex interplay of genetic and environmental factors. Disruption of these elements can affect neuronal structure, function, or connectivity and can alter developmental trajectory. Neurotransmitters and neuromodulators, such as dopamine, participate in a wide range of behavioral and cognitive functions in the adult brain. Dopamine-mediated signaling plays a fundamental neurodevelopmental role in forebrain differentiation and circuit formation. In addition, D1 and D2 dopaminergic receptors activation influences neuronal proliferation, migration and differentiation. Conclusion: As dopamine receptors affect the developing brain and play an essential role in adult brain, better understanding of the role of these receptors in different regions of the developing brain can be helpful for treatment of brain developmental disorders.