Introduction: The stem cells are undifferentiated cells that have a potential to produce many different cell types in the body. A vast amount of data indicates the potential of stem cell therapy for various neurological diseases. In the present review, the possible beneficial effects of stem cells for treatment of nervous system disorders were presented. The stem cells have been suggested for treatment of different acute and chronic nervous system disorders such as hemorrhagic as well as ischemic stroke, Parkinson's disease, Hantington's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, multiple sclerosis, and Alzheimer's disease. Conclusion: Stem cells have been frequently examined in experimental studies and may be considered as the new developing strategies to treat nervous system disorders in the near future.