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Introduction: Cancers are among the most common causes of deaths worldwide and just the third cause of deaths as well as they are more common in elderly, with an aging population in Iran. Iran is going to face an increase in the incidence of malignancies in the next decades. Materials & Methods: This study has tried to use the existing evidences through a systematic review beside the national cancer registry (NCR) database between 2000 and 2009 to find out the incidence of primary malignant and benign CNS tumors in Iran. International databases of Medline, Embase, ISI web of knowledge and Google scholar along with three major Persian indexing websites of SID, MagIran and IranMedex are searched. Primary searches resulted in finding of 966 papers of which 11 were selected for analysis. Results: Primary malignant CNS tumors form 2.3% of all tumors in the ten-year registry data. Incidence of primary malignant brain tumors in Iran is 3.3 per 100,000 person-year, 3.9 for males and 2.8 for females. A total number of 10,797 cases are registered in the NCR data, which demonstrate astrocytoma (32.4%), glioblastoma (29%), oligodendroglioma (6.2%), medulloblastoma (6.1%), and ependymoma (2.7%) as the most common pathologies in primary brain tumors. Primary malignant spinal cord tumors consists 6.8% of all CNS tumors. Common pathologies in spinal cord tumors are malignant neoplasm, ependymoma, astrocytoma and lymphoma. However, the two benign spinal cord tumors of neurofibroma and schwannoma are believed to be more frequent than malignant ones. Conclusion: Most common benign pathologies are meningioma (27.8%), pituitary adenoma (11.3%), schwannoma (5.8%), and congenital tumors (2.4%). Primary benign tumors in Iran have an incidence of 3.5 per 100,000 person-year.

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Although some childhood fairs and anxieties are as part of normal development in children, but relatively stable over time and may have some anxiety problems in adolescence and adulthood continue to increase. This study is done to determine the effectiveness of CBT (which was included: relaxation, visualization ideally, self-ordering in Maykenbam way, thinking-stop of anxiety in Wolpe way and child’s mother training) in reducing symptoms of anxiety in children. This study was a randomized clinical trial versus. Children 5 to 9 years who were anxious participants were treated with 8 sessions 45 min, individual CBT treatment, at the therapist's office. Score of symptoms before treatment and after treatment, was analyzed by paired t-test using SPSS software. The results showed that the mean score of anxiety in children reduced from 9.5 to 2.5, so CBT was effective in reducing symptoms of anxiety in children (P<0.01). According to the findings of this study, CBT for children with anxiety is recommended to treatment centers.

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Introduction: Voxel based morphometry is a type of statistical parametric mapping that can be used to investigate the effect of diseases such as epilepsy, Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease or other agent such as skills on brain structure (white matter, gray matter and cerebrospinal fluid). The aim of this study is evaluate the effectiveness of this method in detection of differences of the two groups. Materials and Methods: In this study the statistical distribution of gray matter with and without applying the modulation compared. Twenty healthy anatomical model images segmented, then modulated and unmodulated gray matter extracted and it evaluated which gray matter mode have less dispersion. Also two groups with controlled differences in a specific region created to evaluate the efficiency of voxel based morphometry against region of interest analysis. Results: Explore in modulation effect led that use of unmodulated image, statistically can reveal smaller changes in gray matter of whole brain in same sample conditions. In study of local changes in desired region that created in this study, by minimizing the region size the significant difference between the two groups can reveal. This difference can show with voxel based morphometry with different methods. Conclusion: voxel-based morphology is appropriate in determining brain differences which are not detect visually and hardly detect by methods such as region of interest.