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The present study examined the effect of grouped meta-cognitive therapy on meta-cognitive beliefs of patients' anxieties suffering from generalized anxiety disorder. This research is a quasi-experimental with pre-test and post-test design with control group in which two groups of experiment and control are used. The present study population includes all state universities, Islamic Azad Universities of Tabriz students and East Azarbaijan Science and Research Branch that referred to above mentioned consulting centers correspondent with 4th edition of diagnostic and statistical mental disorders suffering from generalized anxiety disorder help book criteria. From the above community 20 persons (10 persons experiment group and 10 persons control group), (10 male and 10 female) with the use of structured clinical interview for mental disorders (SCID-I/CV), standard meta-cognitive beliefs questionnaire (MCQ-30), generalized anxiety disorder scale (GADS) and Back's anxiety questionnaire (BA-21) were selected and accidentally replaced in two groups of experiment and control. Participants' age range is between 18 to 30 years old with the mean of 27.78 and 2.60 variance. Grouped meta-cognitive therapy was performed in 10, 120 min sessions during 2 months in experimental group and participants in control group have received no treatment. All participants completed research questionnaire before and after treatment and in 3 months follow-up period. The present study, multivariate analysis of covariance demonstrated that grouped meta-cognitive therapy has significant effect on reducing negative meta-cognitive beliefs and also this therapy method has different effect on meta-cognitive beliefs' subdivisions of patients suffering from generalized anxiety disorder. Additionally, results suggest that grouped meta-cognitive therapy has a significant effect on patients' anxiety suffering from generalized anxiety disorder. The above mentioned results are maintained in follow-up period.

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The present study examined the effect of grouped meta-cognitive therapy on meta-cognitive beliefs of patients' suffering from generalized anxiety disorder. This research is a quasi-experimental with pre-test and post-test design with control group in which two groups of experiment and control are used. The present study population includes all state universities, Islamic Azad Universities of Tabriz students and East Azarbaijan Science and Research Branch that referred to above mentioned consulting centers correspondent with 4th edition of diagnostic and statistical mental disorders suffering from generalized anxiety disorder help book criteria. From the above community 20 persons (10 persons experiment group and 10 persons control group), (10 male and 10 female) with the use of structured clinical interview for mental disorders (SCID-I/CV), standard meta-cognitive beliefs questionnaire (MCQ-30) and generalized anxiety disorder scale (GADS) were selected and accidentally replaced in two groups of experiment and control. Participants' age range is between 18 to 30 years old with the mean of 27.78 and 2.60 variance. Grouped meta-cognitive therapy was performed in 10, 120 min sessions during 2 months in experimental group and participants in control group have received no treatment. All participants completed research questionnaire before and after treatment and in 3 months follow-up period. The present study multivariate analysis of covariance demonstrated that grouped meta-cognitive therapy has significant effect on reducing negative meta-cognitive beliefs and also this therapy method has different effect on meta-cognitive beliefs' subdivisions of patients suffering from generalized anxiety disorder. The above mentioned results are maintained in follow-up period.

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The present study examined the effect of grouped meta-cognitive therapy on anxiety of patients' suffering from generalized anxiety disorder. This research is a quasi-experimental with pre-test and post-test design with control group in which two groups of experiment and control are used. The present study population includes all state universities, Islamic Azad Universities of Tabriz students and East Azarbaijan Science and Research Branch that referred to above mentioned consulting centers correspondent with 4th edition of diagnostic and statistical mental disorders suffering from generalized anxiety disorder help book criteria. From the above community 20 persons (10 persons experiment group and 10 persons control group), (10 male and 10 female) with the use of structured clinical interview for mental disorders (SCID-I/CV), generalized anxiety disorder scale (GADS) and Back's anxiety questionnaire (BA-21) were selected and accidentally replaced in two groups of experiment and control. Participants' age range is between 18 to 30 years old with the mean of 27.78 and 2.60 variance. Grouped meta-cognitive therapy was performed in 10, 120 min sessions during 2 months in experimental group and participants in control group have received no treatment. All participants completed research questionnaire before and after treatment and in 3 months follow-up period. The present study multivariate analysis of covariance demonstrated that grouped meta-cognitive therapy has significant effect on reducing patients' anxiety suffering from generalized anxiety disorder. The above mentioned results are maintained in follow-up period.

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Introduction: The effects of exercise and physical activity on the function of various human organs, such as heart, lung, and skeletal muscle have long been known. In recent years, more attention has been focused on the effects of exercise on the nervous system and memory. Recently, it has been shown that the brain responds to the physical activities in the anatomical, cellular, and molecular levels. It is surprising that many of these changes occur in some brain structures that involve in the memory, learning, and cognitive functions. It has been shown that exercise can improve mental performance and enhances learning and memory. Conclusion: Both structural and functional changes of the brain in response to exercise play a crucial role in improvement of the memory and learning. The present study was reviewed the mechanisms involved in the memory and learning improvement followed by exercise.

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Introduction: The dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) is often selected as an excitatory target in the brain. A wide range of cognitive functions that can be modulated by the stimulation of this area makes it difficult to predict precise stimulation effect. The stimulation of DLPFC by transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) can be effective in modifying a wide range of cognitive activities. From a relatively simple and low-level activity, such as the attention process, to the complex cognitive functions, such as decision making and working memory, can be affected by tDCS. The effects of tDCS are very diverse and dependent on stimulation parameters, which sometimes lead to conflicting results. The aim of the present study was to investigate and identify various cognitive domains resulting from the effect of tDCS on DLPFC. Conclusion: Several complex cognitive activities are carried out by the DLPFC. The stimulation of this area by tDCS simultaneously activates multiple cognitive processes. This can lead to the facilitatation and sometimes inhibition of cognitive function, which subsequently may promote some behavior dysfunctions. To improve our understanding of the neurobiological mechanisms of tDCS on cognitive functions modulated by DPFLC, further investigations are needed.