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Introduction: Adipose derived stem cells (ADSCs) have the potency to differentiate into the neuron and glial cells. One of the ways to make a large number of neural stem/progenitor cells (NS/PCs) from ADSCs is the usage of neurosphere cultivation. In this procedure, ADSCs proliferate under certain conditions continuously and make multipotent undifferentiated colonies named neurosphere that can differentiate to NS/PCs. Materials and Methods: in the current study, adipose stem cells isolated from rat inguinal and pararenal regions. Then these cells differentiated to the NS/PCs using indirect differentiation method (neurosphere culture). Adipose derived stem cells, neurosphere and NS/PCs were evaluated using immunocytochemistry and RT-PCR techniques. Results: the results indicated ADSCs were immunoreactive to CD90, CD29, CD49d, CD44, CD105 and CD99 without any immunoreactivity for CD106 and CD31. In addition, these cells expressed the genes of Nanog, Oct4 and Sox2. Both of Neurosphere and NS/PCs were immunoreactive to Nestin, NF-68 and NF-200 and also were able to express Nanog, Sox2, NeuroD1, Oct4, Musashi1 and Nestin genes. However, these cells were unable to express MBP gene. Conclusion: It seems that indirect differentiation is effective for differentiate ADSCs into NS/PCs.

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Introduction: Lack of resources and efficient use of the available resources are among the challenges facing hospital management. Length of stay is one of the fundamental components of hospital performance. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between the levels of care for patients and length of stay in hospital. Materials and Methods: This was a cross-sectional descriptive study. Scientific information using related library resources, online articles and dissertations was collected and data related to variables, average stay, and need for patient care using nursing report forms and patient cases have been collected from 204 cases in Hazrat Rasool Complex, Tehran, Iran in 2013. Results: There are significant differences between the average stay in different departments. The level of care needed with an average length of stay had strong and significant correlation. Gender, age, and marital status have no significant effect on the average length of stay. Conclusion: Although the overall performance of the hospital due to the need for patient care was desirable and appropriate, a great improvement can be achieved by enhancement of the levels of patient care.

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ASD or Autism Spectrum Diorders are the most strange psychological disorders in which children can’t show their emotions, fears and anxiety as soon as the normal children. They suffer from the social interactions , the stereotypic behaviors and verbal skills impairments and these problems can lead to withdrawal and other behavioral problems. Among the psychological strategies, art therapy is one of the most important strategies which can help to these children. Applying music or music therapy can help them to express their feelings such as anxiety via poems and music themes and also music and movements. Also, drauma can help them too. Therefore, applying them together can help them to decrease their anxiety and then improvement of self-esteem, motivation  and social interactions with other peers. Then, In this workshop these art therapy techniques will be discussed.

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Introduction: Autism Spectrum Disorder is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by impairment in social interaction and communication, accompanied by stereotyped and repetitive behavior. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effect of a perceptual-motor exercise period on executive functions (neurocognitive functions of attention) of children with autism disorder in the age group of 7-12 years. Materials and Methods: The method of conducting the present study was semi-experimental. Among children with autism disorder referring to autistic children's care centers in Isfahan, 30 patients were selected using screening tests and after measuring neuro-cognitive functions of attention by neuropsychological Conner's questionnaire as a pretest, randomly divided into two experimental (n = 15) and control (n = 15) groups. In the experimental group, perceptual-motor exercises were performed for 12 weeks and 3 sessions weekly. Finally, a post-test was performed for all of the subjects. Results: The results have shown that perceptual-motor exercise in the experimental group was an effective measure to improve the neurocognitive functions of the attention of children with autism disorder. Besides, neuro-cognitive functions of attention were significantly better in the experimental group compared to the control group. Conclusion: Perceptual-motor exercises with music may provide appropriate intervention for improving the neurocognitive functions of the attention of children with autism disorder.