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Showing 7 results for Emadi
Rasoul Khodakarami, Mohammad Babaraeisi, Seyed Mahmoud Miremadi,
Volume 2, Issue 3 (The Summer Supplement of Shefaye Khatam 1 - 2014)
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to compare symptoms of PTSD among war affected people and employees in the fire station. Totally, 60 people affected by war and 60 fire workers were selected using simple random sampling. By completing PCL inventory, samples of PTSD were characterized. Data was analysed through SPSS software by independent t-test. As the results showed, severity of PTSD symptoms among fire workers was more than that of war affected people. Beside physical problems, PTSD generally creates more psychological problems for war-affected people and particularly fire workers.
Atefeh Farhadian, Mohammad Ali Goodarzi, Mohammad Reza Taghavi, Ali Elahi Far, Seyyed Mahmoud Miremadi,
Volume 2, Issue 3 (The Summer Supplement of Shefaye Khatam 1 - 2014)
Abstract
Anxiety affects the culture of society so that content of each culture has permanent effects on behavior, feeling and psychological features of people. The purpose of this research was the comparison of early maladaptive schemas between two ethnic groups (i.e. Kurds and the Persians students) with high and low levels of trait anxiety. The research design was descriptive and ex post facto type. 159 female students (78 Kurds and 81 Persians) were selected by multistage cluster sampling method. The research tools were including Young's schemas questionnaire (the short form) and Spielberger's trait anxiety questionnaire. The data were analyzed by MANOVA test. The results showed that there are significant differences between Kurd and Persian students with high level of trait anxiety in unrelenting standards/hyperilicolness schema. In addition, when the students with high and low levels of anxiety were compared with each other in each ethnic group, the results showed that they have significant difference in their early maladaptive schema and only in Persian students did not found significant difference in two subscales (self-sacrifice schema and unrelenting standards/ hyperilicolness schemas). According to results of this research it can be said that variants of between and within ethnic groups in early maladaptive schemas indicated the influence of culture on appearance of mental disorders.
Amin Afsahi, Seyed Mahmoud Miremadi,
Volume 2, Issue 3 (The Summer Supplement of Shefaye Khatam 1 - 2014)
Abstract
Anxiety is one of the most common symptoms of mental disorders, significantly affecting work function and interpersonal relationships. Its characteristics include a set of cognitive, physical, emotional and behavioral-symptoms. Some of these symptoms are: feeling empty heart, shortness of breath, palpitations, flushing, excessive sweating, numbness, dizziness and shaking hands. Given the high prevalence of these symptoms and their significant impacts on the function of individuals, it is necessary to take fundamental steps for tackling with the raised issues. Commonly used medication for anxiety disorders has its own side effects therefore, many studies have been conducted to find effective drugs with fewer side effects. Currently, the use of medicinal plants is progressing due to relying on the beliefs of a certain region people, fewer side effects and being cost-effective. The aim of this study was to review anti-anxiety and sedative effectiveness of some medicinal plants used in traditional medicine of Iran. This study is of review article type. Psychology and medical journals were searched for anxiety keyword and the related papers published in the years between 2000 and 2014 were reviewed. The results of literature review revealed that extract of Portulaca Oleracea L, gum of Pistacia Vera L, Nardostachys Jatamansi, Achillea Millefolium, Rosa Damascene, extract of fenugreek, extract of Cassia Fistula, Feniculum Vulgare and Silybum Marianum have anti-anxiety effects. In addition, there were no significant differences in anxiolytic effects between Citrus Aurantium and diazepam and Passiflora Caerulea and oxazepam.
Shohreh Shahabi Moghaddam, Seyed Mahmoud Miremadi,
Volume 2, Issue 3 (The Summer Supplement of Shefaye Khatam 1 - 2014)
Abstract
Anxiety is one of the most controversial issues in mental disorders that its prevalence is increasing in today's society. Preclinical anxiety that is causing some anxiety disorders in adults can help us in the prevention of mental disorders. In this paper an attempt has been made to have an analytical review of attachment anxiety and its significance in childhood and adulthood. Attachment patterns in childhood will be founder of many social- interpersonal interactions and underpinning of many personality anxieties and is fundamental in adulthood. During the research that has been done, insecure attachment in childhood cause maladjustment disorders, lack of trust in others, avoidant pattern or dependent personality disorder.
Reza Dehghani , Faegheh Bahaaldini Beygi, Seyed Ehsan Emadi , Hashem Montaseri ,
Volume 2, Issue 4 (The Autumn Supplement of Shefaye Khatam 3 - 2014)
Abstract
Following severe head injury, there is elevated extracellular glutamate in brain. "About 30% of severely head injured patients develop cerebral ischemia". Increased levels of glutamate (glutamate toxicity) have been considered as an important factor in post- traumatic outcomes. Some articles have reported the effectiveness of antagonists of glutamate for treating head injury. In this study we tried to evaluate the toxicity of glutamate on brain via histological and locomotion measures in mice, to see to what extent glutamate can induce histological and locomotion impairment. In this study, 96 mice were studied which divided into three groups in terms of age: infant, immature and mature. Then in each age group, mice were divided into four groups which three of them received 0.5, 1 or 2 mg/kg of L-glutamic acid and the control group received distilled water. 30 minutes after the injection, the motor activity impairments were evaluated with the classical EAE scoring scale. Then, mice were tested by a grid walk test, and a narrow beam test, to assess specific aspects of locomotion impairments. For histological effect of glutamate on brain, histological slides were prepared from different parts. L-glutamic acid in three doses 0.5, 1 and 2 mg/kg and three age groups increased the mean of scores in classical EAE scoring scale and the mean of footfall errors in grid walk test, significantly (P<0.001), and decreased the mean of scores in narrow beam test, significantly (P<0.001) compared to the control group. Histological showed significant necrosis in the cortex, hippocampus, olfactory bulb, and in lesser extent in the striatum. Glutamate can cause locomotor and histological impairments, so using antagonists of glutamate may be able to be as a one of treatments in head injury in future.
Masoud Etemadi Far,
Volume 6, Issue 2 (The Spring Supplement of Shefaye Khatam 1 - 2018)
Abstract
Many mammalian AQPs, including AQP1, AQP2, AQP4, AQP5 and AQP8, function primarily as bidirectional water-selective transporters. Cells expressing AQPs on their plasma membrane have an ~5- to 50-fold higher osmotic water permeability than membranes that do not. Water transport through single-file pores poses a biophysical limitation on the efficiency with which AQPs can transport water, so that AQPs must be present in the membrane at a high density to increase membrane water permeability substantially. Aquaporin-4 (AQP4), the target antigen of NMO-IgG, is a water channel protein highly concentrated in spinal cord gray matter, periaqueductal and periventricular regions, and astrocytic foot processes at the blood-brain barrier. It is now clear that NMO-IgG (anti-AQP4) plays a direct role in the pathogenesis of NMO. In MS lesions, the distribution of AQP4 protein expression depends upon the stage of demyelination, while in NMO lesions, there is a loss of AQP4 expression that is unrelated to the stage of demyelination. The inflammatory processes in NMO primarily targets astrocytes]; the area postrema appears to be a preferential target of NMO-IgG antibodies that bind to astrocyte AQP4 water channels, leading to astrocyte dysfunction and the clinical manifestations of nausea and vomiting. Central nervous system involvement outside of the optic nerves and spinal cord is recognized in patients with NMO and NMOSD. Other suggestive symptoms include episodes of intractable nausea, vomiting, hiccups, excessive daytime somnolence or narcolepsy, reversible posterior leukoencephalopathy syndrome, neuroendocrine disorders, and (in children) seizures. While no clinical features are disease-specific, some are highly characteristic. Manifestations that can develop with NMO and NMOSD include encephalopathy, fulminant cerebral demyelination, hypothalamic dysfunction, and posterior reversible leukoencephalopathy. Symptoms related to bilateral hypothalamic lesions may include symptomatic narcolepsy or excessive daytime sleepiness, obesity, and various autonomic manifestations such as hypotension, bradycardia, and hypothermia. In rare cases, fulminant diffuse vasogenic edema can lead to brain herniation and death.
Nazanin Fateme Rajabi, Karim Asgari, Masoud Etemadifar,
Volume 10, Issue 3 (Summer 2022)
Abstract
Introduction: Multiple sclerosis (MS), is an inflammatory chronic disease of the central nervous system, usually starting in the most productive years of the patient’s life, and its cognitive consequence may affect on patient’s behavior, social functions, daily life, and occupation. One of the most important cognitive variables, which may be affected through MS, is reaction time. The aim of this study was to investigate the reaction time of patients with MS (SPMS and RRMS types) toward visual and auditory stimuli. Materials and Methods: The study design was a retrospective, causal-comparative type, in which the sample was selected through an accessible and purposive sampling method from the patients who were referred to the MS center and MS institute of Isfahan, Iran. The control group was selected from the healthy patient’s family members or their relatives. A total of 159 subjects participated in this study, each group consisted of 53 subjects. The reaction time of the three groups toward the visual and auditory stimuli was measured. The instruments comprised a reaction timer and a multiple sclerosis impact scale. Results: The results showed that the reaction time in the patients was significantly slower than in healthy people. Furthermore, it was revealed that patients with SPMS type were slower in reaction time in comparison to RRMS patients. Conclusion: The speed of information processing in patients with MS, has become slower, due to the slowing of the conduction through nerve pulses, which is due to demyelination in damaged pathways. The decrease in processing speed may lead to an inability of the patients to accomplish mental and cognitive tasks, and this deficit is finally depicted in the inability of MS patients in responding to visual and auditory stimuli.
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