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Social anxiety disorder is a common anxiety disorders in childhood and adolescence. Adolescence is a period during which the individual believes will lead to different outcomes. The aim of this study was to compare early maladaptive schemas in two groups of adolescents with social anxiety disorder and normal adolescents. The present study was causal-comparative. Population was consisted of all high school students in Shiraz in 2013-2014 school year. 214 students (107 males and 107 females) were selected by cluster random sampling. The 18-item social anxiety scale for adolescents (SASA) was completed. This sample was classified in two groups of normal and social anxiety. Among them, 47 patients (15 females and 32 males) were diagnosed with social phobia and 32 patients (15 females and 17 males) as normal. Short form early maladaptive schema questionnaire subsequently (Yang and Brown, 1994) was distributed. Data were analyzed by independent t-test and multivariate analysis of variance. Results showed that early maladaptive schemas scores were significantly different between two groups of adolescents with social phobia and normal adolescents (P<0.01). Multivariate analysis of variance also showed that adolescents with social anxiety, in terms of separation/rejection, autonomy/dysfunctional performance, heterodirection, vigilance and hampering restrictions, were scored higher than the normal adolescents. Based on the findings, it can be concluded that the scheme is one of the important factors in the development of social anxiety. Patients with social anxiety disorder can be treated by schema therapy as a cognitive-behavioral-dynamical method for changing dysfunctional schemas.

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Motor vehicle crashes are among the leading causes of traumatic injuries and mortalities in Iran. Understanding the injury process is the first step to predict and later on preventing the injuries. Among the main factors that are defined as the cause of a motor vehicle crash (human, road, and vehicle) , the vehicle performance is one the most important factor that contributes to the injury since traumatic injury is defined as a process rather an event. Crash investigation and evaluation of the vehicle performance are the basic elements that define the injury causation scenario. The process of crash investigation combines the collected data from the crash scene with professional multidisciplinary analysis of medical and engineering evidence to determine the injury causation in every case. This process aims to improve the prevention of motor vehicle crash injuries to reduce deaths, disabilities, and human and economic costs.

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Emotion regulation difficulties are from the factors that caused the incidents and automobile accidents and work related. This study aimed to comparing emotion regulation difficulties in mild traumatic brain injury (TBI) patients and normal people in Kashan.The study was performed on 30 TBI patients referred to Shahid Beheshti Hospital in Kashan city and 30 normal people in Kashan. TBI patients and normal people were selected by convenience sampling. Two groups filled out the demographic sheet, the difficulties in emotion regulation scale (DERS). The data was analyzed by SPSS-19 software with multivariate analysis of variance. The results of this study showed there were significant differences between TBI and control groups in total scores and subscales of DERS (F =58.80, P= 0.00). Based on the survey results there is significant difference between the mild TBI and control groups in emotion regulation.

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Working memory impairment is one of the most important cognitive deficits in patients with mild traumatic brain injury that affect mental health status even in the early stages of the disease. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the correlation between the working memory and mental health status in traumatic brain injury (TBI) patients. This cohort study was performed on 50 TBI patients and 50 healthy (control) participants. Working memory and mental health status were assessed using Wechsler adult intelligence scale and the brief symptom inventory (BSI), respectively. Results showed a significant difference between the two groups in the means of working memory in both auditory (P<0.001) and visual span (P<0.0001) as well as mental disorder (P<0.04). Moreover, logistic regression analysis showed that TBI disease had an impact on components of mental (OR= 0.929 and CI= 0.857-0.998). Findings of the study indicate that cognition is an effective factor to engage in activities of daily living. Moreover, the relation between the working memory impairment and mental disorder in TBI patients highlights the importance of the early recognition of cognitive deficit.

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Head trauma associated with multiple destructive cognitive symptoms. Cognitive destruction leads to impairment in cognitive tasks and cognitive failure. Cognitive failures include problems with memory, attention, and operation. This study aimed to comparing cognitive failures in mild traumatic brain injury (TBI) patients and normal people in Kashan. The study was performed on 40 TBI patients referred to Shahid Beheshti Hospital in Kashan city and 40 normal people in Kashan. TBI patients and normal people were selected by convenience sampling. Two groups filled out the demographic sheet and cognitive failures questionnaire (CFQ). The data was analyzed by multivariate analysis of variance and multiple regressions analysis. The results of this study showed no significant difference between the TBI and control groups in cognitive failures. But the study indicated cognitive failures increase with increasing age and cognitive failures have a negative correlation with education. Among the demographic variables, education is the best predictor of cognitive failures. Based on the survey results there is no significant difference between the TBI and control groups in cognitive failures. Cognitive failures are inversely related to education and directly correlated to age. Also education is the best predictor of cognitive failures.

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In our country, Student transportations’ security and driving accidents statistics for students is one of the major concerns for relevant organizations such as educational organization. In current year, a system, was named Sepand, was formed in city taxi driver ::::::union:::::: by educational organization, NAJA traffic and city taxi driver ::::::union::::::. In this systems’ plan, basis on Information Technology (IT) and Intelligent Transport System (ITS), applicants’ registration process for activity in students’ vehicle service background was predicted according to professional driving principle. Sepand plan has several characters such as selecting the best driver for students’ vehicle service with simulator device, mobilizing some vehicle with location finder intelligent systems, fingerprint system, surveillance camera system and voice recording inside the cars. In this plan, we can refer to participate of women specially in girls’ schools, priority to experienced taxi drivers in students’ vehicle service, observing students’ vehicle service from beginning to destination in the moment and sending messages of events in way intelligently, drug abuse test according to behavior in stimulator, replacement of current fleet with intelligent fleet with appropriate standards for school vehicle service.