[Home ] [Archive]   [ فارسی ]  
:: Main :: About :: Current Issue :: Archive :: Search :: Submit ::
Main Menu
Home::
Journal Information::
Articles Archive::
Guide for Authors::
For Reviewers::
Ethical Statements::
Registration::
Site Facilities::
Contact us::
::
Indexed by
    
    
..
Search in website

Advanced Search
..
Receive site information
Enter your Email in the following box to receive the site news and information.
..
Copyright Policies

 

AWT IMAGE

 

 

AWT IMAGE

 

..
Open Access Policy

This journal provides immediate open access to its content on the principle that making research freely available to the public supports a greater global exchange of knowledge.

Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 3.0 Unported License which allows users to read, copy, distribute and make derivative works for non-commercial purposes from the material, as long as the author of the original work is cited properly.

..
:: Search published articles ::
Showing 54 results for Accident

Ali Gorji,
Volume 2, Issue 4 (12-2014)
Abstract

Road traffic accidents account for approximately 3000 deaths on a daily basis, and 50 million injuries and 1.2 million deaths each year. In low-income and middle income countries, road traffic accidents account for 85% of deaths and 90% of annual disability. Casualties of this magnitude are a serious problem throughout the world and create a significant impact on society. In addition, neurological disorders due to traffic accidents are a major problem for the health system. Prevention of road accidents saves life and reduces the morbidity and the rate of neurological disorders. Iran and other Middle Eastern countries have one of the highest incidences of fatality rates due to road traffic crashes in the world. To develop effective road safety programs in the region, establish and maintain regional road safety partnerships, and attract funds and resources, a close cooperation among the countries in this region is essential.


Eskandar Momeni,
Volume 2, Issue 4 (12-2014)
Abstract

The investigation showed that the increasing number of deaths and fatalities resulting from driving accidents is mostly related to developing countries especially with intermediate and low social classes which it is resulting from industrialization of the mentioned societies without considering necessary infra structures such as health, safety and environment (HSE). Increasing number of cars, users’ different traffic behaviors, inappropriate and insufficient infrastructures especially in the field of ITS, inappropriate driving skills are the main causes of high accidents and fatalities number. Based on the conducted studies, accidents and fatalities expenditures allocated 6 percent of national treasures of Islamic republic of Iran. According to these expenditures, the main aim of traffic police which is extracted from the Quran signs (which are mentioned above) and also from Iran supreme leader statements who said that “the authorities should attempt to decrease the accidents and fatalities to minimum level“ so that the strategies for decreasing accidents and its fatalities have been determined which include: 1. The especial attention to development of standardization and strengthening of road infrastructures safety, car, public transportation of loads and passengers. 2. Daily analyzing of road accidents by the help of traffic experts society based on the different indexes such as accidents causes, safety indexes by the type of traffic users and so on. 3. Attempting to make integrate management and assistance of different organization for strengthening of traffic health. 4. Revising traffic laws and regulations in the Islamic parliament of Iran after 40 years. 5. Suggesting development of programs devoted to accidents and fatalities reductions in the realm of (HSE) and rescue and emergency after post-crash. 6. Especial attention to training of different age, sex, social and risky traffic users such as motorcycle riders and pedestrians with the help of different organizations such as media , higher education, education organization , road and rail transportation organization and so on. 7. Establishing of training course for traffic police professionalism with the help of specializing traffic sciences and courses and standardization of their behaviors in social transactions. The sum of these efforts in addition to triple number of vehicles, distance covered in urban and rural roads and those who have taken driving certificate in 2006, caused that we have experienced 18000 reductions of fatalities and accidents that are equals to 10000 deaths during past 8 years in 2014. This rate of deaths and fatalities is improper for such a country as Iran and we should try to decrease it to the probable minimum level.
Tim Oliver Heyne,
Volume 2, Issue 4 (12-2014)
Abstract

Annually, more than 1 million people were killed in road traffic accidents worldwide every year and an uncounted number were severe injured. In 2012 fatal injuries caused by road traffic accidents are under the top ten lists of causes of death in the world. It´s expected that in the near future road traffic accidents become one of the main causes of death in the world. Most of these fatal injuries in road traffic accidents are avoidable and prevention is needed. To prevent severe traffic accidents a multidisciplinary approach is needed. The Ministry of transportation, road planners, police services, school teachers, employees of driving schools, rescue organizations and medical experts has to work together to find solutions to decrease the numbers of accidents. To identify the most effective solutions to reduce fatal accidents in every single country good statistics, proper demographic data and traffic accident research is needed to understand the specific circumstances in each region of the world. Technical reconstruction of severe accidents can help to understand the cause of accidents but it`s a cost-intensive and time-consuming method to get information road traffic accidents. For technical reconstruction of road traffic accidents specific trained and equipped teams are essential and in general the number of investigated cases are limited. In recent decades these well documented data of traffic accident researcher teams in the UK, Germany etc. could help to improve road safety and to develop prevention strategies to decrease the number of fatal injuries in the world. Technical reconstruction of road traffic accidents is a very effective way to prevent fatal injuries.
Mohsen Tavakoli,
Volume 2, Issue 4 (12-2014)
Abstract

Iran is one of the countries with a high rate of accident casualties in highways and cities. We are amongst the pioneers in accident related deaths and casualties in the world. In just 2014, road and highway casualties and fatalities were 315,719 and 17,994 respectively. Motorcycles passengers and pedestrians are the main victims of these casualties. Definitely, by appropriate measures, the suffering of many of these trauma victims could be diminished. In our country, many facilities and instruments for this purpose are available, but are not used to their full potential which leads to higher traffic casualty and losses. Unfortunately, it takes between twenty minutes to five hours to transfer the accident victims to hospitals and consequently, many of them lose their life during this process. Many approaches could be used to overcome these problems such as improving highway and road qualities, educating the public regarding correct driving habits and better rescue team training. Fortunately, advanced trauma life support (ATLS) training classes are offered in Iran. By further expansion of these courses in different parts of the country, more victims of accident related traumas could be saved.
Masoud Ghadipasha, Mehdi Forozesh, Horieh Najibzadeh,
Volume 2, Issue 4 (12-2014)
Abstract

Accidents in the world today are a social problem. Disability and property damage accidents caused much appreciated. Anticipated traffic deaths in 2020 and placed third. This study is a cross sectional study from 2002 to 2011. All the victims were examined following the accident sent to the Forensic Medicine the questionnaire has been used in order to collect all data. After completion, the SPSS software has been used for analyzing data and the K&T has been used for assumptions test. Form the total number of 241236, 80.4% male and19.6% female, One third of the victims were aged 18 to 29 years. During 2007 to 2011 the rate of 50.7% on the scene, 38.9% in hospital and 8.9% died during transport to hospital. Most died in the hospital is Tehran of Province (48%) and most died in transit is to province of Kurdistan and the highest died at the scene is Ilam of Province (64.2%). The most common cause of death was trauma to head (55.2) and multiple fractures were to 33.7% and bleeding with 6.4 percent. In this study 24.2% of pedestrian and Tehran Province's highest numbers, mal 72.9% and. The average age of 50 and 44.9% was illiterate. 25.7% of vehicle used motorcycles. According to the research Authorities should plan to reduce the mortality of pedestrians and motorcyclists, and investigate the cause of death of the victims in transit and to hospital. Is it considered medical malpractice or lack of equipment or specialized personnel?
Ghasem Ahangari,
Volume 2, Issue 4 (12-2014)
Abstract

In recent years, with the rapid development of science, especially Neurogenetics, we could find different genes, especially genes that influence our behavior and cause behavioral changes. Culture is one of the important factors in urban traffic and correct way of driving But this is only effective when the biologically conditions are healthy and with appropriate interaction of an endogenous gene and an appropriate biological and psychological balance in person. Serotonin and receptor genes and enzymes that control this neurotransmitter are one of the major factors controlling the behavior, thus were selected as target genes in this study. In this study, according to the municipal air quality control center most polluted parts of the city in 2012 were revealed. Blood samples were collected from Individuals who are deployed for 6 months from September to March in the contaminated areas. The PBMCs were extracted and RNA isolated and through reverse reaction cDNA synthesis was performed. Then, using the specific primer pairs, 5H2Ra, 5H3Ra, MAO and B-Actin genes were measured and amplified By the Real- Time PCR. For statistical analysis REST software was used ,then by comparing the gene expression levels in healthy individuals and individuals located in contaminated area in Tehran The results confirmed statistically significant changes in the genes serotonin receptors 5H2Ra, 5H3Ra that regulate mood and behavior. But there was no significant change of mono amino oxidaze enzymes which control serotonin. Due to significant changes in the genes that are responsible for controlling our behavior, there was a stress–strain behavior in people who have a track daily traffic jams, and pollution area compared with individuals outside the city. This behavior leads to restlessness, impatience, and non-compliance with laws and regulations. Thus, it leads to conflict with each other or officers of the law and will create a high risk of accidents. In respect with this study, Further studies are necessary to prevent human injury .It is also recommended that the traffic police forces also used as rotation in the affected areas to be less susceptible to the damage caused by air pollution.
Khosro Sadeghniiat-Haghighi,
Volume 2, Issue 4 (12-2014)
Abstract

One of the leading causes of death and disability in the Middle East is road traffic accidents. There are multiple factors that cause these traffic accidents, and the most important of which is fatigue, drowsiness and lack of concentration. The risk of road traffic accidents due to sleepiness, which were reported by police, increased by more than sevenfold in low alertness hours during circadian rhythm (0–6 A.M.) compared to other times during the day. The risk of road traffic accidents due to fatigue and sleepiness decreased in hours with maximum of alertness (6-10 P.M.) of circadian rhythm compared to other times during the day. Public health officials, road traffic designers and the police should co-operate in an interdisciplinary method to implement the proven effective measures to lower this increasingly heavy social and economic burden. Sleep and fatigue-related vehicle accidents are not only more common than is generally realized, but are more likely to result in death and serious injury owing to the relatively high speed of the vehicles on impact. To examine and address this public health issue, a screening program for drowsiness in commercial drivers is under development. Driver’s sleepiness due to sleep disorders are an important preventable cause of morbidity and mortality. Screening of commercial drivers is a topic of growing interest in occupational sleep medicine.
Elham Shalchi , Elahe Ashirei , Zahra Ansari ,
Volume 2, Issue 4 (12-2014)
Abstract

Association of citizenry is known as a major factor in order to reach developmental goal, especially urban development. As much as higher cooperation of people in their own urban developmental could be absorb, there will be higher percentage of success. Now day cooperation of people in their own urban development is a critical factor, critical to make a persistent urban development. When the people association is considered weak point and positive point, chances and threats are more necessary to be evaluated. In modern city management and in the world, which are consistently move toward urbanization, citizenry association are so important. Aim of the present study was prevention of road accident and crash through emphasizing on the active role of citizen cooperation. For this purpose, number of 30 adult citizen of a region in Pasdaran town as a voluntary group, who had taken a part in an organized program were selected and various class set for them. At the end of the programs with respect to the survey which have been done. We concluded that citizen have an active role in management of their own areas and were satisfy from the administrative process. This clearly represented that such association by enhancements of two side responsibility feeling could have significant impact and could lead to positive outcome. Finally, partnership and involvements of citizen in the process of programing could guaranty successfulness of city management.
Mahnaz Moradi , Elham Esmailie , Seide Samar Moustafavie ,
Volume 2, Issue 4 (12-2014)
Abstract

Every day thousands of people are losing their life or injured during road crashes. Therefore, it has high priority to set a strategy in order to reduce the number of death and injured people of road accident. Four important factors in road safety including: 1: Safety belief, 2: respecting of roles, 3: Access to safety requirements, 4: Knowledge of the correct use of safety devices. After analyzing and considering the result of our result in the north program in the Aban of 1392 in cooperation with development committee and a discussion and study on final factor of the program and regarding to this point that the rate of traffic accident in the north program was 4.8 % and the average in Tehran was 8.7% and in the fifth region was 7% higher, This factor with acceptance of Board of Trustees and member of developmental committee by using of couple Matrix were selected as a priority of intervention. In addition, absence of Zebra crossing line and lack of safety requirements was selected as another important factor. Total aim of choosing road accident was prevention of traffic accident which included: 1. Reduction in the number of traffic accidents, 2. Decrease in the number of traffic accidents death, 3. Decline in the number of traffic accidents injuries and disabilities and 4. reduction of financial burdens of road accidents. The methods of gathering information included personal and group review and also brainstormingmethod in order to identification of causes and offering of solutions was done. Then, intervention team in order to collect the idea, have suggested these programs for intervention. 1. Organizing different period of classes for road accident from the psychological point of view, 2. Holding some classes for traffic accident form the point of road, driving, vehicles and distribution of some Leaflet, 3: The attendance of children in Traffic Park (As a learning program), 4. Organizing different period of classes in cooperation with bus drivers and 5. Organization of some meeting to set up some Signs and warning signs. In this program 40 number of citizen of town were participated, which have average of 35 years old. Included: 10 people with master degree, 7 with advanced Diploma, and 23 diplomas. From the number of 40 person who have taken part in this program. The number of 23 had a continuous attendance. The children of 18 attendances have taken part in traffic park have satisfaction.
Mahdi Sharif-Alhoseini, Vafa Rahimi-Movaghar,
Volume 2, Issue 4 (12-2014)
Abstract

Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a devastating condition with enormous personal and social costs. To develop preventive strategies, the determination of epidemiological features and causes is required. Due to Iran's high incidence of road traffic crash (RTC) injuries, epidemiologic data concerning specific causes of SCI may assist in reducing this national health dilemma. In a retrospective study in Tehran hospitals, the records of traumatic SCI patients, admitted between March 2010 and July 2011 were surveyed. A total of 138 traumatic SCI patients were admitted, of which 56 (40.6%) were due to RTC that the majority of them were male (78.6%) and the mean age was 32±15 years. The most common spinal fractures/dislocations due to RTC among SCI patients were related to the thoraco-lumbar region. However, RTC was the most frequent cause of tetraplegia (cervical SCI)-(56%) and also hospital death (OR=3.2, CI=0.9-11.5). Each SCI-RTC patient paid averagely 79,000,000±56,000,000 Iranian Rials. Whereas the cervical SCI is the most frequently hospitalized SCI in the developed countries, here, most of cervical SCI patients are passed away in the scene of accident due to inadequate emergency medical services. On the other hand, based on an approved national policy, all medical services are free-of-charge for RTC victims. But the payment of above mentioned huge sums by patients could be related to law breaking in hospitals or weak law enforcement. More studies are suggested to evaluate the incidence of severe RTC injuries which lead to pre-hospital deaths were not considered in our study.
Mahdi Sarafraz Nasab, Zahra Moien,
Volume 2, Issue 4 (12-2014)
Abstract

Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is the one of the main disorders arising from disastrous experiences. Road accidents are common reasons for mental disorders which are associated with trauma. With regard to the prevalence and effects of PTSD, treatment of these disorders is very important. The aim of the present study is to determine the efficacy of cognitive-behavioral therapy in reducing symptoms of PTSD in road accidents victims. Population of this study consists of 50 subjects of road accident victims hospitalized in different wards of 3 hospitals in Esfahan city. Thirty nine subjects have earned maximum score of the PCL questionnaire and 30 subjects were randomly selected and divided into two groups as the experimental group and control group. The experimental group received eight ninety-minute sessions of cognitive-behavioral therapy and the control group did not receive any therapy program. After the end of therapy sessions, the two groups were tested and the results compared with the primary scores. Data were analyzed using spss16 Software. Results showed that there are significant differences between the control and experimental groups in terms of PTSD mean (P<0.05). Based on these findings, we conclude that cognitive behavioral therapy dramatically, leads to reduce symptoms of PTSD in road accidents.
Adel Mazloumi , Faramarz Gharagozlou , Jabraeil Nasl Saraji, Ali Nahvi , Mohammadreza Ashouri , Hamed Mozaffari ,
Volume 2, Issue 4 (12-2014)
Abstract

Driver fatigue is one of the main causes of road accidents. This study aimed to estimate bus driver fatigue through performance measures in a virtual driving environment. The study was conducted on thirty professional male bus drivers participated in a two-hour drive session. The driver subjective fatigue was assessed by Fatigue Visual Analogue Scale (F-VAS) on 10 min intervals. At the same time, the performance measures of lane drifting as mean and standard deviation of bus lateral position (SDLP) were calculated during the simulated driving task. The findings presented a rising trend in subjective fatigue level with increasing the time-on-task of driving. Time-on-task of driving was the most effective factor on fatigue self-evaluation. The drivers showed a significant correlation between F-VAS score and SDLP. The findings revealed a strong correspondence between SDLP and driver subjective fatigue based on group mean data, but individual differences may affect the driving performance which should not be ignored in future investigation.
Alireza Adibfar , Seyed Ramtin Bagheri , Ali Khoshbakht ,
Volume 2, Issue 4 (12-2014)
Abstract

Children under 5 years old are the most vulnerable age group in car accidents. Researchers showed that application and correct use of child safety seats can reduce the risk of fatal injury by 71 percent for infants and 54 percent for toddlers. The purpose of this review is to identify factors and procedures that declare the correct use of child car seats which prevent children head injuries that are close to fatal ending. The information presented in this paper describes the importance of safety seats, the correct use of them referring to data which are collected in USA, Shanghai and Sweden. Children under 5 years old are potential victims of car accidents, mostly because of head crashes. Car safety seats can definitely prevent injuries and fatalities. Safety seats are designed upon age groups and the correct use of them is so important to prevent head injury and fatality.
Mohammadesmaiel Alipour ,
Volume 2, Issue 4 (12-2014)
Abstract

Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) is a chronic and progressive disorder that occurs after some traumas and accident. Injuries and harm to health caused by motor vehicle accidents (MVAs) have become an issue of global concern, as MVAs are expected to be the third largest contributor to the worldwide burden of disease by the year 2020. Chronic PTSD is a common consequence of MVA and that it may persist for years. Women have higher rates of PTSD than men after MVA. In the last years, many studies have evaluated the psychological consequences of MVAs. However, there are discrepancies in epidemiological studies. As an additional issue, other predictors of PTSD immediately after MVA have been established Signs such as heart rate (HR) and respiratory rate (RR) immediately after injury predict subsequent PTSD remains controversial. Although many studies have shown an association between HR and PTSD, but recent study did not repot an association between HR, RR, and PTSD. Elevated HR and RR might reflect initial fear conditioning and thus would be important factors in the mechanism of genesis of PTSD. It seems that, HR and RR they might not be useful indicators of subsequent PTSD among accident survivors in clinical protocols, but any physical reactions like pounding heart might be an alternative to predict subsequent psychiatric morbidity.
Sanaz Moghaddami , Seyedeh Samaneh Esteghamat ,
Volume 2, Issue 4 (12-2014)
Abstract

Spinal cord injuries (SCI) are highly disabling and injuries. This study aims to describe the demographic and epidemiologic data on auto accident patients who were admitted at Khatam Alanbia hospital. The results obtained from 73 SCI patients treated on the SCI inpatient units of the Khatam Alanbia Hospital (from March 2009 to March 2013) were evaluated retrospectively. Then patient gender, age at time of injury and etiology of injury, neurologic level, and movement status were analyzed. The study sample was limited patients with a history of motor vehicle collisions. In total, 69 (94.52%) of the patients were male and 4 (5.48%) were female. The mean age at time of injury was 25.8±7.84 years. In all, the level of injury of 13 (17.8%) of the patients were cervical, 44 (60.3%) thoracic, 12 (16.4%) lumbar and 4 (5.5%) thoracolumbar. 58 (79.5%) of patients were wheelchair bound, 4 (5.5%) moved by using cane and 11 (15.1) needed help to move. The findings showed SCI because of road traffic accident is more common in early age and majority of them became wheelchair bound. Thoracic level is the most injured level. Further research to establish the protective interventions is required.
Shahin Mohammad Sadeghi , Hadi Aligholi , Zabihollah Khaksar , Hadi Kazemi , Arezou Eshaghabadi , Sayed Mostafa Modarres Mousavi , Sajad Sahab Negah,
Volume 2, Issue 4 (12-2014)
Abstract

Peripheral nerve injuries caused by traffic accidents, resections of tumors or iatrogenic side effects of the surgeries are few of the most common form of trauma occurring with up to 500,000 cases each year in Iran. Conventional strategies including nerve coaptation, and the application of autografts, allografts and xenografts are restricted due to the limited availability of donors, immune-rejections or restrictions such as too big gap length. At the same time, these alternatives do not guarantee full recovery and functionality of the damaged nerves. Due to these reasons, approaches towards the development of biomaterial scaffolds for regeneration of peripheral nerve defects have gained a huge momentum. An ideal scaffold for nerve tissue regeneration requires sufficient biological and physiochemical properties, with major concern on biocompatibility, biodegradability, permeability for oxygen and nutrition, mechanical properties together with appropriate surface characteristics. The design of the engineered scaffold shall focus on mimicking the complex biological nanofibrous structure of the native extracellular matrix allowing the remodeling and repair of the damaged tissue by neighboring cell. Synthetic polymers such as poly-L-lactic acid and poly-e-caprolactone have been utilized to fabricate electrospunnanofibrous scaffolds and their compatibility towards peripheral nerve tissue regeneration has been investigated. However synthetic polymers alone might not meet all the requirements of an artificial tissue construct since they lack recognition sites for cell adhesion. Incorporating natural polymers, like proteins or peptides might overcome this problem and increase the biocompatibility of the scaffolds. Functionalization of nanofibers is usually performed by electrospinning of synthetic and natural polymer blends or by coating the nanofibrous scaffolds with biomolecules. Core–shell nanofibers prepared by co-axial electrospinning allows for the encapsulation of proteins within the core of the polymeric shell, thus may be preserving the bioactivity of the proteins or biomolecules better than blended or coated structures.
Adeleh Naqshbandieh , Taghi Tiraihi ,
Volume 2, Issue 4 (12-2014)
Abstract

Spinal cord injury (SCI) is frequent after traffic accident in worldwide. Research performed over the last decade revealed that cells surrounding the central canal of the adult spinal cord acquire stem cell properties either in vitro or in response to injury. Adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) are an easily available source of Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). ADSCs can transdifferentiate into cells of other lineages such as neural stem cells. ADSCs have potential applications for the repair and regeneration of acute and chronically damaged tissues. In this study, ADSCs were isolated from rat adipose tissue cultured in DMEM supplement penestrep. ADSCs at passage 3 were identified by immunocytochemistry with antibodies analysis against with CD44, CD90, CD105, as well as CD34, CD45, CD106. We could induce rat ADSCs into floating neurospheres. Then neurospheres evaluated by immunocytochemistry for NF68 and nestin. Diameter and number of this neurosphere were measured. Neurosphere can be converted into neural stem cell (NSCs). NSCs were confirmed by NF68 and nestin expression using immunocytochemistry assay. The isolated ADSCs expressed CD44, CD90 and CD105 while CD34, CD45 and CD106 didn’t express. Immunocytochemistry technique was used for NF68 and nestin expression in neurospheres. We observed that diameter of neurospheres increased and the number of neurosphere decreased. Our immunocytochemical assessment of nestin and NF68 in NSCs showed that these markers expressed. In the present study, we have demonstrated that MSCs can be efficiently induced into neurospheres under appropriate conditions. Moreover, these neurospheres were expanded and converted into NSCs that can be used for SCI treatment.
Marzieh Darvishi , Taghi Tiraihi , Taher Taheri ,
Volume 2, Issue 4 (12-2014)
Abstract

Cell replacement therapy has provided the basis for future clinical applications to treat central nervous system injury, a common result of car accidents. Induced functional motoneurons are an option for replacing the lost motoneurons. Adipose derived stem cells (ADSCs) are an appropriate source of cells for autologous cell therapy with the ability of neural differentiation. In this study, ADSCs were induced to neurospheres using B27 and bFGF as pre-inducer, and then neurospheres were induced to motoneuron-like cells (MNLCs) by Sonic hedgehog (SHH) and retinoic acid (RA) as inducers. ADSCs markers such as CD90, CD44, CD49d, CD106, CD31 and CD45 were measured by immunocystochemistry analysis and their multipotency were evaluated by incubation of the ADSCs with adipogenic, chondrogenic and osteogenic induction media. Then neurospheres derived ADSCs were evaluated by immunocystochemistry and RT-PCR assay. The expression of islet-1, oligo-2 and HLXB9 in induced MNLCs from neurospheres evaluated by RT-PCR and immunocytochemistry assay. To identify the functional MNLCs, a co-culture preparation of MNLCs and myocytes, calcium ion imaging and synaptic vesicle release was used. ADSCs treated with a mixture of pre-inducer (B27 and bFGF) and inducers factors (SHH and RA) adopted a morphology similar to motoneuron cells. Immunocytochemical staining and RT-PCR approved that the treated cells expressed the motoneuron markers islet-1 oligo-2 and HLXB9.The co-cultured with myocytes indicate the formation of neuromuscular connections between MNLCs and myocytes. After two week, MNLCs showed high HLXB9 expression, indicative of full differentiation. Also, the release rate of synaptic vesicles using FM1-43 in the induced MNLCs was 10 fold. Moreover a calcium imaging with fluo-4 results approved those functional excitatory synaptic connections can influence the activity of MNLCs. These results indicate ADSCs can be differentiated to a functional MNLCs phenotype and may be benefit for treatment of motoneuron diseases.
Hadi Aligholi, Fatemeh Attari, Sayed Mostafa Modarres Mousavi, Babak Khodaie,
Volume 2, Issue 4 (12-2014)
Abstract

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is one of the serious neurodisorders commonly caused by car accidents and sports. Preventive measures are highly recommended to reduce the risk and number of TBI cases. After TBI, the primary injury to the brain initiates a secondary injury process that spreads via multiple molecular mechanisms in the pathogenesis of TBI. Many studies in animals using cDNA microarray hybridization technique have shown differential regulation of 86 genes (mainly transcription factors, signal transduction genes and inflammatory proteins) which take part in the physiological and pathological response to TBI. Genetic polymorphisms which involve interleukin-6 (such as -174G>C and -572G>C) and haemoxygenase -1 may influence the inflammatory effects seen after TBI. In addition, genes regulating the vascular responses including the hypoxia-inducible factor-1 and 2 (HIF1&2) genes activate fallowing cerebral ischemia. Moreover, Apolipoprotein epsilon and P53 genes regulate the neuronal response to TBI. Also, there are three isoforms of the enzyme catechol-o-methyltransferase (COMT) encoded by 3 genetic polymorphisms (COMT Val/Val, COMT Val/Met, and COMT Met/Met) which regulate catecholamines activity fallowing TBI. A greater understanding of the genetics could aid in the prediction of outcomes and could be targeted for treatment strategies.
Mohammadesmaiel Alipour, Maryam Jafarian ,
Volume 2, Issue 4 (12-2014)
Abstract

Methamphetamine hydrochloride is a white to light brown crystalline powder, or clear chunky crystals resembling ice. The majority of street methamphetamine is produced in clandestine laboratories. The drug manufacturer states that patients should be informed that methamphetamine and amphetamine may impair the ability to engage in potentially hazardous activities such as driving a motor vehicle. In epidemiology studies drive-off-the-road type accidents, high speed, failing to stop, diminished divided attention, inattentive driving, impatience, and high risk driving have been reported. Significant impairment of driving performance would also be expected during drug withdrawal. In a recent review of 101 driving under the influence cases, where methamphetamine was the only drug detected, blood concentrations ranged from <0.05-2.36 mg/L (mean 0.35 mg/L, median 0.23 mg/L). Driving and driver behaviors included speeding, lane travel, erratic driving, accidents, nervousness, rapid and non-stop speech, unintelligible speech, disorientation, agitation, staggering and awkward movements, irrational or violent behavior, and unconsciousness. Impairment was attributed to distraction, disorientation, motor excitation, hyperactive reflexes, general cognitive impairment, or withdrawal, fatigue and hyper somnolence.

Page 1 from 3    
First
Previous
1
 

مجله علوم اعصاب شفای خاتم The Neuroscience Journal of Shefaye Khatam
Persian site map - English site map - Created in 0.06 seconds with 54 queries by YEKTAWEB 4714