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Introduction: Epidemiological studies have consistently identified diabetes as a major risk factor for cognitive dysfunction. With the increasing global prevalence of diabetes, its impact on cognitive health is expected to become a significant public health concern in the coming years. This review investigates the effects of type 1 diabetes on spatial and verbal memory function. Materials and Methods: This study follows a systematic review methodology, involving the collection, classification, and synthesis of research findings related to spatial and verbal memory deficits in patients with type 1 diabetes. Relevant articles were identified using Google Scholar, PubMed, ScienceDirect, NoorMags, and SID databases, covering the period 2010 to 2023. The search terms included "spatial memory," "verbal memory," and "type 1 diabetes." An initial search yielded 42 articles, of which 14 were excluded due to irrelevance, leaving 28 studies for analysis. Results: These studies indicate structural abnormalities in the frontal and temporal cortices, as well as subcortical gray matter, in subjects with type 1 diabetes. The brain and neural tissues are primarily dependent on glucose as an energy source, and hence, any change in carbohydrate metabolism can directly affect the brain's function, including memory. Conclusion: Deficits in spatial and verbal memory among patients with type 1 diabetes can be attributed to the direct effects of altered glucose metabolism on the brain, as well as diabetes-related cardiovascular complications. Since the presence and progression of memory impairment significantly worsen the quality of life of diabetic patients, multidisciplinary studies are necessary to investigate this issue and develop targeted interventions.