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Statistics anxiety has a positive relationship with academic drop-out and deserves greater attention. This study examines a model explaining the impact of students’ achievement goals on their statistics anxiety through levels of their academic engagement. Three hundred and fifteen undergraduate students (53 males and 262 females) who studied educational sciences and psychology in the state universities of Tehran and registered for courses of descriptive or inferential statistics were studied. Participants responded the questionnaire measuring subscales of students’ achievement goals (Middleton and Midgley, 1997), statistics anxiety rating scale (STARS) (Cruise et al., 1985), effort (Dupeyrat & Mariné, 2005) and metacognitive strategies and task value (Pintrich & et al., 1991). Path analysis indicated that mastery goals and academic engagement had direct negative effects on statistics anxiety (P<0.01), whereas performance-approach and performance-avoidance goals had direct positive effects on it (P<0.01). Although performance-approach goals had direct negative effects on two subscales of academic engagement (metacognitive strategies and task value), they affected effort positively (P<0.01). Additionally, while mastery goals had direct positive effects on academic engagement, performance-avoidance goals negatively affected it (P<0.01). Thus, achievement goals negatively affected statistics anxiety through academic engagement (P<0.01). Overall, the tested model predicted 0.35 of variance of statistics anxiety. In consistent with goals’ literature, results suggest that students with adaptive and maladaptive goals’ patterns fundamentally differ in experiencing statistics anxiety. However, the direct positive effects of maladaptive goals’ pattern on statistics anxiety can be mediated by students’ academic engagement. This has implications for teachers to consider the fact that even when students pursue maladaptive goals, their statistics anxiety can be reduced as long as the instructor provides mastery class structure to engage them in academic tasks.

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Annually, more than 1 million people were killed in road traffic accidents worldwide every year and an uncounted number were severe injured. In 2012 fatal injuries caused by road traffic accidents are under the top ten lists of causes of death in the world. It´s expected that in the near future road traffic accidents become one of the main causes of death in the world. Most of these fatal injuries in road traffic accidents are avoidable and prevention is needed. To prevent severe traffic accidents a multidisciplinary approach is needed. The Ministry of transportation, road planners, police services, school teachers, employees of driving schools, rescue organizations and medical experts has to work together to find solutions to decrease the numbers of accidents. To identify the most effective solutions to reduce fatal accidents in every single country good statistics, proper demographic data and traffic accident research is needed to understand the specific circumstances in each region of the world. Technical reconstruction of severe accidents can help to understand the cause of accidents but it`s a cost-intensive and time-consuming method to get information road traffic accidents. For technical reconstruction of road traffic accidents specific trained and equipped teams are essential and in general the number of investigated cases are limited. In recent decades these well documented data of traffic accident researcher teams in the UK, Germany etc. could help to improve road safety and to develop prevention strategies to decrease the number of fatal injuries in the world. Technical reconstruction of road traffic accidents is a very effective way to prevent fatal injuries.

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Introduction: The purpose of this study was to investigate injuries resulting from accidents and incidents referred to medical centers and hospitals of Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences. Materials and Methods: This study is a cross-sectional study. The data of all injured patients admitted to hospitals of Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences from March 2014 to March 2015 were reviewed. Accidents and injuries were categorized according to the tenth version of international classification of diseases. Data collected by means of forms and software injury register by Hospital emergency department staff to interview and hospital records, were completed. Results: In total, 131967 cases were reviewed,in which 66% were male and 34 % were female. Traumas, traffic accidents, and falls were major causes of accidents and injuries. Accidents and injuries were more prevalent in 20-29 years old (the younger age groups; 51%). Individuals living in urban areas sustained more injuries compared to individuals from rural areas. A total of 194 deaths were reported due to accidents and injuries. Conclusion: Our findings indicated that traffic accidents constitute a large proportion of accident and injuries. Productive groups (young male) were the most victims of accidents and injuries. Training of different groups, including before and during recruitment, training mothers, and elderly seems to be beneficial. Further studies to improve the registration tools for a better access to reliable data are needed. Promotion knowledge and training, especially in the younger age group, intervention to resolve the accident prone spots as well as technical defects are recommended to reduce the traffic accidents.