The Neuroscience Journal of Shefaye Khatam

en P167: Key Role of Inflammation in Central Nervous System Damage and Disease; TNFα, IL-1 P167: Key Role of Inflammation in Central Nervous System Damage and Disease; TNFα, IL-1 تحقیقات پایه در علوم اعصاب Basic research in Neuroscience مروری Review --- Open Access, CC-BY-NC <div style="text-align: center;"><span style="background:#FBFAF9;"><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:tahoma,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;">لطفاً به چکیده انگلیسی مراجعه شود</span></span></span></span><span dir="LTR" style="background:#FBFAF9;"><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:tahoma,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;">.</span></span></span></span></div> <div style="text-align: justify;">Inflammation is portion of the body's immune response and it is basically a host protective response to tissue ischemia, injury, autoimmune responses or infectious agents. Although the information presented so far points to a detrimental role for inflammation in central nervous system (CNS) disease, it may also be useful. CNS demonstrates characteristic of inflammation, and in response to damage, disease or infection, resident CNS cells generate inflammatory mediators, including prostaglandins (PGs), pro-inflammatory cytokines, free radicals and complement, which in turn induce chemokines and adhesion molecules, recruit immune cells, and activate glial cells. In response to a brain injury, astrocytes become activated, increasing expression of glial fibrillary acidic protein, and producing cytokines. Cytokines including both tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and IL-1 are strongly implicated in neuronal loss during acute and chronic neurodegenerative disease, but also participate in repair and recovery. Although TNF-α is found associated with active MS lesions, induces death of oligodendrocytes. TNF-α appears not to be needed for mast cell–dependent pelvic pain. TNF-α, is released from Schwann cells immediately after nerve damage. IL-1 can also attach nerve terminals and influence substance P release and migration of polymorphonuclear White blood cells (WBCs). IL-1β is also selectively upregulated in astrocytes in the spinal trigeminal nucleus, spinal cord and rostral ventromedial medulla in models of inflammation, cancer pain and nerve damage. IL-1β is an important messenger between neurons and glia.</div> CNS Damage, Inflammation, Cytokine, Interleukin 198 198 http://shefayekhatam.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-24-1233&slc_lang=en&sid=1 Moosa Javdani Moosa Javdani Javdani59@gmail.com 100319475328460016253 100319475328460016253 Yes Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, Iran Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, Iran Abolfazl Barzegar Bafrouei Abolfazl Barzegar Bafrouei 100319475328460016254 100319475328460016254 No Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, Iran Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, Iran Ehsan Soleimaninejadian Ehsan Soleimaninejadian 100319475328460016255 100319475328460016255 No Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, Iran Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, Iran Elham Karimipour Elham Karimipour 100319475328460016256 100319475328460016256 No Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, Iran Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, Iran