en P88: The Relationship between the TNFα of the Microglia Cells and the Parkinson Disease تحقیقات پایه در علوم اعصاب Basic research in Neuroscience پژوهشي Research --- Open Access, CC-BY-NC <div style="text-align: center;"><span style="text-align: center; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; word-spacing: 0px; float: none; display: inline !important; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; background-color: rgb(251, 250, 249); -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal;">لطفاً به چکیده انگلیسی مراجعه شود.</span></div> <p style="text-align: justify;">TNF&alpha; is one of the inflammatory cytokines which plays an important role in activating the Caspase and inducing the apoptosis. This cytokine which is secreted in inflammations, induces the NO production in macrophages and leads to differentiation of the macrophages to the epithelioid and giant cells. One of the most important factors which stimulates the TNF&alpha; secretion, is LPS and that antigen (LPS) is the mitogen of the Ti-1 in the B lymphocytes and as a result, many of macrophages such as microglia cells proliferate. Microglia is the smallest non-neuronal cells in the CNS and responds to the inflammations in the CNS. One of the factors in developing the Parkinson disease is TNF&alpha; which is secreted of the microglia cells and destroys the dopaminergic neurons in substantia negra. In Parkinson disease, microglia cells leave the resting form and achieve the plastic amoeboid morphology (In the resting form, microglia cells have homeostatic roles and eliminate the neurotoxins and dead cells). Finally, the levels of the Caspase 3 and 8 increase and the condition is prepared for the apoptosis of the neuron and in both chronic and acute forms, the levels of the TNF&alpha; increase in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF).</p> TNFα, Parkinson, Microglia Cells 119 119 http://shefayekhatam.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-24-1268&slc_lang=en&sid=1 Vahab Asemani Vahab Asemani dvm.milad73@yahoo.com 100319475328460016196 100319475328460016196 Yes Department of Basic Science, Veterinary Medicine Faculty, Tabriz University, Tabriz, Iran Department of Basic Science, Veterinary Medicine Faculty, Tabriz University, Tabriz, Iran Milad Ashrafizadeh Milad Ashrafizadeh 100319475328460016197 100319475328460016197 No Department of Basic Science, Veterinary Medicine Faculty, Tabriz University, Tabriz, Iran Department of Basic Science, Veterinary Medicine Faculty, Tabriz University, Tabriz, Iran Sedighe Abdollahzadeh Sedighe Abdollahzadeh 100319475328460016198 100319475328460016198 No Department of Basic Science, Molecular Genetics Faculty, Zahedan University, Zahedan, Iran Department of Basic Science, Molecular Genetics Faculty, Zahedan University, Zahedan, Iran