en P90: The Relationship between the TNFα of the Microglia Cells and the Alzheimer Disease تحقیقات پایه در علوم اعصاب Basic research in Neuroscience پژوهشي Research --- Open Access, CC-BY-NC <div style="text-align: center;"><span style="text-align: center; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; word-spacing: 0px; float: none; display: inline !important; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; background-color: rgb(251, 250, 249); -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal;">لطفاً به چکیده انگلیسی مراجعه شود.</span></div> <p style="text-align: justify;">TNF&alpha; is one of the most important inflammatory cytokines which induces caspase and apoptotic process. There are two forms of TNF&alpha;: soluble TNF&alpha; (solTNF&alpha;) and transmembrane TNF&alpha; (tmTNF&alpha;). These inflammatory cytokines have two receptors namely TNRF1 and TNRF2. The attachments of the cytokines to those receptors induce the TRAF and activate the NK-Kb. TNFR1 is found in most of the cells and solTNF&alpha; and tmTNF&alpha; have the ability to attach to the TNFR1, but the TNFR2 is just found in the microglia and endothelial cells and reacts with the tmTNF&alpha;. Microglia is one of the smallest cells in the CNS which has the ability of phagocytosis and is one of the first cells which responds to the inflammations and exogenous factors. In general, there is a balance between the levels of the solTNF&alpha; and tmTNF&alpha;, but in the CNS disorders, in according to the damages in the neurons and disturbances in the cell conditions, that balance is interrupted and one of the cytokines is secreted more than normal level. One of the most important chronic neurodegenerative damages that is stimulated by TNF&alpha;, is Alzheimer disease. In the Alzheimer disease, activated microglia cells increase the levels of the TNF&alpha; which inclines the extracellular b-Amyloid, tau protein, intracellular neurofibrillary tangles and microgliosis that these changes lead to synaptic dysfunctions and neuronal destruction.</p> TNF, CNS, Microglia, Alzheimer 121 121 http://shefayekhatam.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-24-1270&slc_lang=en&sid=1 Vahab Asemani Vahab Asemani dvm.milad73@yahoo.com 100319475328460016202 100319475328460016202 Yes Department of Basic Science, Veterinary Medicine Faculty, Tabriz University, Tabriz, Iran Department of Basic Science, Veterinary Medicine Faculty, Tabriz University, Tabriz, Iran Milad Ashrafizadeh Milad Ashrafizadeh 100319475328460016203 100319475328460016203 No Department of Basic Science, Veterinary Medicine Faculty, Tabriz University, Tabriz, Iran Department of Basic Science, Veterinary Medicine Faculty, Tabriz University, Tabriz, Iran Sedighe Abdollahzadeh Sedighe Abdollahzadeh 100319475328460016204 100319475328460016204 No Department of Basic Science, Molecular Genetics Faculty, Zahedan University, Zahedan, Iran Department of Basic Science, Molecular Genetics Faculty, Zahedan University, Zahedan, Iran