Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a disorder which might occur in subjects after experiencing a traumatic life event. The underlying etiology of this disorder is still unknown but malfunction of the brain’s anxiety network is discussed. Therefore, neuroscience research might give new insights about the neurobiological mechanisms of PTSD. The talk will give a systematic overview about the neuroscientific research of the past 20 years, the neurobiological hypotheses which are currently favored and the upcoming questions which should be answered in future studies.