Introduction: Glial-derived growth factor (GDNF) is an important secretory protein that plays a crutial role in the growth and development of the central and peripheral nervous systems, especially the survival of dopaminergic adult neurons. Several investigations have shown the unique negative modulatoty role of GDNF in drug abuse. Conclusion: This study is a brief description on GDNF and its positive effects as a potential target for the treatment of drug addiction.