Introduction: The aim of the present study was to investigate the relationship between Cloninger's psychobiological model of character and resiliency in patients with substance abuse. Materials and Methods: A descriptive research method and a correlational research design were used in this study. This study was performed on the subjects with addiction referring to addiction centers of Bonab city in 2016. Among this population, 120 subjects were chosen as the participants via convenience sampling method. Temperament and character Inventory and Resilience Scales were used for data collection. Results: The results showed that resiliency had a significant positive correlation with novelty seeking, perseverance, cooperativeness, self-directedness, and self-transcendence. In addition, there was a significant negative correlation between harm avoidance and resiliency in subjects with substance abuse. Conclusion: Data indicate the Cloninger's personality dimensions can predict resiliency among subjects with substance abuse. These may have some implications in the treatment of subjects with substance abuse.