Inflammation is an important factor in the pathophysiology of neurological diseases and the physiological response of the immune system against internal and external harmful stimuli. Inflammation is the natural response of the body to damage, which leads to the removal of debris from dead cells and infections from damage and tissue repair. In this study, neuropathic inflammation and its role in the pathophysiology of neurological diseases, with an emphasis on MS illness, has been studied. The method of doing this research is descriptive. In MS, the cells of the myelin and myelin are damaged, resulting in damage to the lower nervous system, which is called axonal injury. The three main characteristics of MS are inflammation, myalgia, and gliosis (scarring). The result of this study shows that MS has not been treated conclusively until now, and only the current treatments for MS are reducing microbial inflammation and some medications and treatments. Symptoms to improve symptoms and slow the course of the disease. The identification of endogenous nerve stem cells in the central nervous system of the human is a new strategy for the repair of brain damage.