1. de Alvarenga PG, Mastrorosa RS, do Rosário MC. Obsessive-compulsive disorder in children and adolescents. IACAPAP Textbook of Child and Adolescent Mental Health.2012.

2. Zepf B. Management strategies for obsessive-compulsive disorder. Am Fam Physician.2004, 70(7):1379-80.

3. Gournay K. Assessment and management of obsessive compulsive disorder. Nursing Standard.2006; 20(33): 59-65. [DOI:10.7748/ns.20.33.59.s53]

4. Heyman I, Fombonne E, Simmons H, Ford T, Meltzer H, Goodman R. Prevalence of obsessive-compulsive disorder in the British nationwide survey of child mental health. Br J Psychiatry.2001; 179: 324-9. [DOI:10.1192/bjp.179.4.324]

5. de Silva P, Menzies RG.The classification and diagnosis of obsessive-compulsive disorder.Obsessive-compulsive disorder. theory, research and treatment. John Wiley & Sons Ltd, England.2003.

6. PigottTA. Obsessive-compulsive disorder:symptom overview and epidemiology. B Menninger Clin.1998; 62:A4-A32.

7. Weissman MM, Bland RC,CaninoGJ, Greenwald S. The cross national epidemiology of obsessive compulsive disorder: the cross national collaborative group. J Clin Psychiat.1994; 55(3):5-10.

8. Rasmussen SA, Eisen JL. The epidemiology and clinical features of obsessive-compulsive disorder. PsychiatrClin North Am.1992; 15: 743-58. [DOI:10.1016/S0193-953X(18)30205-3]

9. Pauls DL, Alsobrook JP, Goodman W, Rasmussen S, Leckman JF. A family study of obsessive-compulsive disorder. Am J Psychiatry.1995; 152(1): 76-84. [DOI:10.1176/ajp.152.1.76]

10. Williams T, Waite P. Obsessive compulsive disorder, cognitive behaviour therapy with children and young people.1st ed. Taylor & Francis Group,London and New York.2009.

11. Geller DA, Biederman J, Jones J, Shapiro S, Schwartz S. Park KS. Obsessive-compulsive disorder in children and adolescents: a review. Harv Rev Psychiatry.1998; 5(5): 260-73. [DOI:10.3109/10673229809000309]

12. Zohar AH. The epidemiology of obsessive-compulsive disorder in children and adolescents. Child AdolescPsychiatrClin N Am.1999; 8(3): 445-60. [DOI:10.1016/S1056-4993(18)30163-9]

13. Karno M, Golding JM, Sorenson SB, Burman MA. The epidemiology of obsessive compulsive disorder in five US Communities. Arch Gen Psychiatry.1988; 45(12):1094-9. [DOI:10.1001/archpsyc.1988.01800360042006]

14. Marks I. Fears, phobias and rituals: panic, anxiety and their disorders. 1st ed. Oxford: Oxford University Press.1987. p. 704.

15. Lensi P, Cassano GB, Correddu G, Ravagli S, Kunovac JL, Akiskal HS. Obsessive-compulsive disorder: familial-developmental history, symptomatology, co-morbidity and course with special reference to gender-related differences. Br J Psychiatry.1996; 169(1): 101-7. [DOI:10.1192/bjp.169.1.101]

16. Keeley ML, Storch EA, Merlo LJ, Geffken GR. Clinical predictors of response to cognitive-behavioral therapy for obsessive-compulsive disorder. Clin Psychol Rev.2008; 28(1): 118-30. [DOI:10.1016/j.cpr.2007.04.003]

17. Swedo SE, Rapoport JL. Phenomenology and differential diagnosis of obsessive-compulsive disorder. RapoportJL. Obsessive compulsive disorder in children and adolescents. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Press.1989.

18. Thomsen PH. From thoughts to obsessions: obsessive compulsive disorders in children and adolescents, D. Christophersen, trans. London: Jessica Kingsley Publishers.1999.

19. Leckman JF. Tourette's syndrome. Hollander E. Obsessive compulsive related disorders. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Press.1993; p. 113-38.

20. Torres AR, de Abreu Ramos-CerqueiraAT, Torresan RC, de Souza Domingues M, Hercos AC, Guimarães AB. Prevalence and associated factors for suicidal ideation and behaviors in obsessive-compulsive disorder. CNS Spectr.2007; 12(10): 711-8. [DOI:10.1017/S1092852900015467]

21. Kamath P, Janardhan Reddy YC, Kandavel T. Suicidal behavior in obsessive-compulsive disorder. J Clin Psychiatry.2007; 68(11): 1741-50. [DOI:10.4088/JCP.v68n1114]

22. Hudak R. Clinical obsessive-compulsive disorders in adults and children. Cambridge University Press.2011. [DOI:10.1017/CBO9780511973796]

23. EapenV. Obsessive compulsive disorder, current understanding and future directions. Genetics of OCD: current understanding and future directions. National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences, Bangalore, India.2007.

24. SadockB, Sadock V. Synopsis of psychiatry: behavioral sciences - clinical psychiatry. Tehran: Shahrab, AyandehSazan. 2005; p. 127.

25. NabiZadeh M. Brain and obsession. Isfahan: Academic Jihad.2017; 83: 84-7.

26. Abudy A, Juven-Wetzler A, Sonnino R, Zohar J. Obsessive-compulsive disorder, current science and clinical practice. Serotonin and beyond: a neurotransmitter perspective of OCD. Wiley-Blackwell, A John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.2012.

27. Chou-Green JM, Holscher TD, Dallman MF, Akana SF. Compulsive behavior in the 5-HT2C receptor knockout mouse. PhysiolBehav. 2003;78(4-5):641-9. [DOI:10.1016/S0031-9384(03)00047-7]

28. Tsaltas E, Kontis D, Chrysikakou S,Giannoua H, Bibac A, Pallidiet S,et al. Reinforced spatial alternation as an animal model of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD): investigation of 5-HT2C and 5-HT1D receptor involvement in OCD pathophysiology. Biol Psychiatry. 2005; 57(10):1176-85. [DOI:10.1016/j.biopsych.2005.02.020]

29. Flaisher-Grinberg S, Klavir O, Joel D. The role of 5-HT2A and 5-HT2C receptors in the signal attenuation rat model of obsessive-compulsive disorder. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol. 2008;11(6): 811-25. [DOI:10.1017/S146114570800847X]

30. Joel D, Avisar A. Excessive lever pressing following post-training signal attenuation in rats: a possible animal model of obsessive compulsive disorder? Behav Brain Res. 2001;123(1):77-87. [DOI:10.1016/S0166-4328(01)00201-7]

31. Joel D, Doljansky J, Schiller D.'Compulsive' lever pressing in rats is enhanced following lesions to the orbital cortex, but not to the basolateral nucleus of the amygdala or to the dorsal medial prefrontal cortex. Eur J Neurosci. 2005; 21(8): 2252-62. [DOI:10.1111/j.1460-9568.2005.04042.x]

32. Baxter LR Jr, Schwartz JM, Bergman KS, Szuba MP, Guze BH, Mazziotta JC, et al. Caudate glucose metabolic rate changes with both drug and behavior therapy for obsessive-compulsive disorder. Archives of General Psychiatry.1992; 49(9): 681-9. [DOI:10.1001/archpsyc.1992.01820090009002]

33. Breiter HC, RauchSL. Functional MRI and the study of OCD: from symptom provocation to cognitive-behavioral probes of cortico-striatal systems and the amygdala. Neurolmage. 1996; 4(3): S127-138. [DOI:10.1006/nimg.1996.0063]

34. Saxena S, Rauch SL. Functional neuroimaging and the neuroanatomy of obsessive- compulsive disorder. Psychiatric Clinics of North America.2000; 23(3): 563-86. [DOI:10.1016/S0193-953X(05)70181-7]

35. Maltby N, Tolin DE, Worhunsky E, O'Keefe TM, Kiehl KA. Dysfunctional action monitoring hyperactivates frontal-striatal circuits in obsessive-compulsive disorder: an event-related fMRI study. Neurolmage.2005; 24(2): 495-503. [DOI:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2004.08.041]

36. Rauch SL, Jenike MA, Alpert NM, et al. Regional cerebral blood flow measured during symptom provocation in obsessive-compulsive disorder using oxygen 15 labeled carbon dioxide and positron emission tomography. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1994;51(1): 62-70. [DOI:10.1001/archpsyc.1994.03950010062008]

37. McGuire PK, Bench CJ, Frith CD, Marks IM. Functional anatomy of obsessive-compulsive phenomena. Br J Psychiatry. 1994; 164: 459-68. [DOI:10.1192/bjp.164.4.459]

38. Breiter HC, Rauch SL, Kwong KK, Baker JR, Weisskoff RM, Kennedy DN, et al. Functional magnetic resonance imaging of symptom provocation in obsessive compulsive disorder. Arch Gen Psychiatry.1996;53(7): 595-606. [DOI:10.1001/archpsyc.1996.01830070041008]

39. Joel D, Doljansky J. Selective alleviation of compulsive lever-pressing in rats by D1, but not D2, blockade: possible implications for the involvement of D1 receptors in obsessive-compulsive disorder. Neuropsychopharmacology. 2003;28(1):77-85. [DOI:10.1038/sj.npp.1300010]

40. Campbell KM, de Lecea L, Severynse DM, Caron MG, McGrath MJ, Sparber SB, et al. OCD-like behaviors caused by a neuropotentiating transgene targeted to cortical and limbic D1+neurons. J Neurosci .1999;19(12): 5044-53. [DOI:10.1523/JNEUROSCI.19-12-05044.1999]

41. Campbell KM, Veldman MB, McGrath MJ, Burton FH. TS+OCD-like neuropotentiated mice are supersensitive to seizure induction. Neuroreport. 2000;11(10): 2335-8. [DOI:10.1097/00001756-200007140-00053]

42. Einat H, Szechtman H. Perseveration without hyperlocomotion in a spontaneous alternation task in rats sensitized to the dopamine agonist quinpirole. PhysiolBehav .1995;57(1): 55-9. [DOI:10.1016/0031-9384(94)00209-N]

43. Szechtman H, Eckert MJ, Tse WS, Boersma JT, Bonura CA, McClelland JZ, et al. Compulsive checking behavior of quinpirole sensitized rats as an animal model of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD): form and control. BMC Neurosci. 2001;2:4. [DOI:10.1186/1471-2202-2-4]

44. Sullivan RM, Talangbayan H, Einat H, Szechtman H. Effects of quinpirole on central dopamine systems in sensitized and non-sensitized rats. Neuroscience. 1998; 83(3): 781-9. [DOI:10.1016/S0306-4522(97)00412-0]

45. Zor R, Keren H, Hermesh H, Szechtman H, Mort J, Eilam D. Obsessive-compulsive disorder: a disorder of pessimal (non-functional) motor behavior. ActaPsychiatr Scand. 2009;120(4): 288-98. [DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0447.2009.01370.x]