|
|
|
|
 |
Volume 11, Issue 4 (Autumn 2023) |
 |
|
|
|
|
Investigating the Effect of Neuro-Motor Rehabilitation on Myelin Regeneration after Spinal Cord Injury Model in Rats
|
Faezeh Yaghoubi   , Bita Vazir , Saeed Hesaraki , Ameneh Omidi , Mahmoudreza Hadjighassem , Maryam Jafarian * |
| Brain and Spinal Cord Injury Research Center, Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran , jafarian.m34@gmail.com |
|
|
Abstract: (858 Views) |
Introduction: Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a critical neurological condition that may impair motor, sensory, and autonomic functions. Spinal cord injury severely affects the independence and quality of life of the injured person and his family. At the cellular level, inflammation, impaired axonal regeneration, and neuronal death are responsible for complications after SCI. Due to the high mortality rate and complications caused by SCI, there is a need for effective treatment. Despite the advances made in SCI repair, the optimal treatment for complete recovery after SCI has not yet been found. The goal of therapeutic interventions in spinal cord injury is to prevent the further expansion of the injury and repair the damaged tissue. At the functional level, existing treatments focus on techniques that aim to restore some degree of walking or motor activity. One of these techniques is learning to walk on a treadmill. Materials and methods: In this study, we have investigated the impact of treadmill training on the restoration of motor ability, as well as the myelination and repair of neurons in rats with a contusion model. The assessment involved two groups: the sham group (experiencing a lesion without movement rehabilitation) and the treatment group (undergoing a lesion followed by movement rehabilitation). Results: Motor rehabilitation with a treadmill improved the motor performance of animals compared to the sham group. However, it did not affect sensory function. The motor rehabilitation group showed a significant increase in the sucrose test compared to the sham group. The size of the spinal cord lesion cavity and nerve tissue repair showed a significant decrease in the rehabilitation group compared to the sham group. Conclusion: The results of this study showed that motor neurorehabilitation contributes to the restoration and enhancement of cell function, affecting not only functional and behavioral functions but also the tissue and cellular recovery.
|
|
| Keywords: Exercise Test, Rehabilitation, Neuroprotection, Spinal Cord Injuries |
|
|
Full-Text [PDF 1320 kb]
(434 Downloads)
|
|
Type of Study: Research --- Open Access, CC-BY-NC |
Subject:
Neuropathology
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| References |
1. Ehrmann C, Mahmoudi SM, Prodinger B, Kiekens C, Ertzgaard P. Impact of spasticity on functioning in spinal cord injury: an application of graphical modelling. Journal of Rehabilitation Medicine. 2020;52(3). [ DOI:10.2340/16501977-2657] 2. Ashammakhi N, Kim H-J, Ehsanipour A, Bierman RD, Kaarela O, Xue C, et al. Regenerative therapies for spinal cord injury. Tissue Engineering Part B: Reviews. 2019;25(6): 471-91. [ DOI:10.1089/ten.teb.2019.0182] 3. Alizadeh A, Dyck SM, Karimi-Abdolrezaee S. Traumatic spinal cord injury: an overview of pathophysiology, models and acute injury mechanisms. Frontiers in neurology. 2019; 10: 282. [ DOI:10.3389/fneur.2019.00282] 4. Rowald A, Komi S, Demesmaeker R, Baaklini E, Hernandez-Charpak SD, Paoles E, et al. Activity-dependent spinal cord neuromodulation rapidly restores trunk and leg motor functions after complete paralysis. Nature medicine. 2022; 28(2): 260-71. [ DOI:10.1038/s41591-021-01663-5] 5. Karsy M, Hawryluk G. Modern medical management of spinal cord injury. Current Neurology and Neuroscience Reports. 2019; 19: 1-7. [ DOI:10.1007/s11910-019-0984-1] 6. Fu J, Wang H, Deng L, Li J. Exercise training promotes functional recovery after spinal cord injury. Neural plasticity. 2016; 2016. [ DOI:10.1155/2016/4039580] 7. Rayegani SM, Shojaee H, Sedighipour L, Soroush MR, Baghbani M, Amirani OoB. The effect of electrical passive cycling on spasticity in war veterans with spinal cord injury. Frontiers in neurology. 2: 39; 2011. [ DOI:10.3389/fneur.2011.00039] 8. Torres-Espín A, Beaudry E, Fenrich K, Fouad K. Rehabilitative training in animal models of spinal cord injury. Journal of neurotrauma. 2018;35(16):1970-85. [ DOI:10.1089/neu.2018.5906] 9. Basso DM, Beattie MS, Bresnahan JC. A sensitive and reliable locomotor rating scale for open field testing in rats. Journal of neurotrauma. 1995;12(1):1-21. [ DOI:10.1089/neu.1995.12.1] 10. Ahmed RU, Alam M, Zheng Y-P. Experimental spinal cord injury and behavioral tests in laboratory rats. Heliyon. 2019; 5 (3). [ DOI:10.1016/j.heliyon.2019.e01324] 11. Batista CM, Mariano ED, Dale CS, Cristante AF, Britto LR, Otoch JP, et al. Pain inhibition through transplantation of fetal neuronal progenitors into the injured spinal cord in rats. Neural regeneration research. 2019;14(11):2011. [ DOI:10.4103/1673-5374.259624] 12. Markov DD. Sucrose preference test as a measure of anhedonic behavior in a chronic unpredictable mild stress model of depression: Outstanding issues. Brain Sciences. 2022;12(10):1287. [ DOI:10.3390/brainsci12101287] 13. Liu C-H, Zhao B-L, Li W-T, Zhou X-H, Jin Z, An L-B. Effects of body weight-supported treadmill training at different speeds on the motor function and depressive behaviors after spinal cord injury in rats. NeuroReport. 2020;31(18):1265-73. [ DOI:10.1097/WNR.0000000000001543] 14. Hashemizadeh S, Gharaylou Z, Hosseindoost S, Sardari M, Omidi A, Ravandi HH, Hadjighassem M. Long-term administration of bumetanide improve functional recovery after spinal cord injury in rats. Frontiers in pharmacology. 2022;13:932487. [ DOI:10.3389/fphar.2022.932487] 15. Gilat E, Kadar T, Levy A, Rabinovitz I, Cohen G, Kapon Y, et al. Anticonvulsant treatment of sarin-induced seizures with nasal midazolam: an electrographic, behavioral, and histological study in freely moving rats. Toxicology and applied pharmacology. 2005;209(1):74-85. [ DOI:10.1016/j.taap.2005.03.007] 16. Askari S, Chao T, Conn L, Partida E, Lazzaretto T, See P, et al., editors. Effect of functional electrical stimulation (FES) combined with robotically assisted treadmill training on the EMG profile. 2011 Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society; 2011: IEEE. [ DOI:10.1109/IEMBS.2011.6090832] 17. Dorrian RM, Berryman CF, Lauto A, Leonard AV. Electrical stimulation for the treatment of spinal cord injuries: A review of the cellular and molecular mechanisms that drive functional improvements. Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience. 2023;17:1095259. [ DOI:10.3389/fncel.2023.1095259] 18. Curt A, Alkadhi H, Crelier GR, Boendermaker SH, Hepp‐Reymond MC, Kollias SS. Changes of non‐affected upper limb cortical representation in paraplegic patients as assessed by fMRI. Brain. 2002; 125(11): 2567-78. [ DOI:10.1093/brain/awf250] 19. Graziano A, Foffani G, Knudsen EB, Shumsky J, Moxon KA. Passive exercise of the hind limbs after complete thoracic transection of the spinal cord promotes cortical reorganization. PLoS One. 2013; 8(1): e54350. [ DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0054350] 20. Deng L-X, Deng P, Ruan Y, Xu ZC, Liu N-K, Wen X, et al. A novel growth-promoting pathway formed by GDNF-overexpressing Schwann cells promotes propriospinal axonal regeneration, synapse formation, and partial recovery of function after spinal cord injury. Journal of Neuroscience. 2013; 33(13): 5655-67. [ DOI:10.1523/JNEUROSCI.2973-12.2013] 21. Gardiner P, Dai Y, Heckman CJ. Effects of exercise training on α-motoneurons. Journal of applied physiology. 2006;101(4): 12, 28-36. [ DOI:10.1152/japplphysiol.00482.2006] 22. Côté M-P, Azzam GA, Lemay MA, Zhukareva V, Houlé JD. Activity-dependent increase in neurotrophic factors is associated with an enhanced modulation of spinal reflexes after spinal cord injury. Journal of neurotrauma. 2011; 28(2): 299-309. [ DOI:10.1089/neu.2010.1594] |
|
Yaghoubi F, Vazir B, Hesaraki S, Omidi A, Hadjighassem M, Jafarian M. Investigating the Effect of Neuro-Motor Rehabilitation on Myelin Regeneration after Spinal Cord Injury Model in Rats. Shefaye Khatam 2023; 11 (4) :20-31 URL: http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-2422-en.html
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
