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Articles In Press |
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Niacin (Vitamin B3) in Neurodegenerative Disorders: A Comprehensive Review of its Effects on Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, and Huntington's Diseases
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Zabihollah Khaksar *   , Hamid Reza Moradi |
| Department of Basic Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran , khaksar@shirazu.ac.ir |
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Abstract: (8 Views) |
Introduction: Neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, and Huntington's diseases are marked by progressive neuronal loss and cognitive and motor impairments. Recent studies emphasize the crucial role of micronutrients, particularly vitamin B3 (niacin), in maintaining central nervous system function. Niacin acts as a precursor to the essential coenzymes NAD⁺ (Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide) and NADP⁺ (Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate), which participate in key cellular processes including energy metabolism, DNA repair, epigenetic regulation, and oxidative stress responses. Reduced NAD⁺ levels in the brains of patients with neurodegenerative disorders are associated with decreased activity of NAD⁺-dependent enzymes such as SIRT1 (Sirtuin 1) and PARPs (Poly ADP-ribose polymerase). Experimental and clinical evidence suggests that administration of niacin or its derivatives, such as nicotinamide and nicotinamide riboside, may improve cognitive function, reduce neuroinflammation, promote neurogenesis, and protect neurons. However, the long-term efficacy and safety of these compounds in humans remain to be fully determined. Conclusion: This review provides a comprehensive analysis of the molecular mechanisms of niacin and its therapeutic potential in the three major neurodegenerative disorders, highlighting new opportunities for nutritional and pharmacological interventions aimed at modulating NAD⁺ metabolism.
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| Keywords: Neuroprotection, Neurodegenerative Diseases, Nervous System, Oxidative Stress, Neurogenesis |
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Type of Study: Review --- Open Access, CC-BY-NC |
Subject:
Neurophysiopathology
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