Traumatic brain injury is a leading cause of disability and death from injury in the world. The Interleukin-1 (IL-1) is a family of cytokines that act as key mediators of the inflammatory response peripherally and centrally. Based on many studies, researchers found that the IL-1 is the well-known molecule in relation to acute TBI in the models of both focal and diffuse injuries. The IL-1 family includes the closely related agonists IL-1α and IL-1β. Interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) is a pro-inflammatory cytokine with a key role in the inflammatory response following TBI and studies indicate that attenuation of this cytokine improves behavioral outcomes. IL-1β is measurable in the serum or CSF of healthy individuals. Although changes in IL-1β expression in CSF and serum following injury appear to be small, attempts have been made to correlate IL-1β levels with outcome. It have been reported that in severe brain injury patients, high concentrations of IL-1β in CSF were associated with poor outcome and increased intra cranial pressure.