|
|
|
|
 |
Volume 12, Issue 2 (Spring 2024) |
 |
|
|
|
|
Neurotransmitters: Types and Molecular Mechanisms of Secretion
|
Arash Abdolmaleki *   , Mehdi Tamjid , Zhila Hamidi Bagehjan , Golnoosh Goodarzifard , Ronak Zohreh , Asadollah Asadi |
| Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Advanced Technologies, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Namin, Iran , abdolmalekiarash1364@gmail.com |
|
|
Abstract: (664 Views) |
Introduction: Neurotransmitters are released from neurons and establish neural connections. These substances play an important role in the formation and connections of the nervous system. The amount of neurotransmitter increases at the same time as the synapse is formed. Neural communication is carried out with the help of a large number of synapses along with various types of neurotransmitters. Neurotransmitters can be defined as chemicals released from neurons that act on specific receptors. These substances can be expressed in large amounts during certain stages of development, but then remain in only a few synapses. In this study, we will review the types of neurotransmitters and the molecular mechanisms involved in their secretion, describing the importance of this topic in understanding and addressing neurological disorders. Conclusion: Studying neurotransmitters and the molecular pathways involved in their production and release can be instrumental in treating and potentially preventing neurological disorders.
|
|
| Keywords: Neurons, Synapses, Nervous System |
|
|
Full-Text [PDF 374 kb]
(172 Downloads)
|
|
Type of Study: Review --- Open Access, CC-BY-NC |
Subject:
Neurophysiology
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| References |
1. Abdolmaleki A, Asadi A, Taghizadeh Momen L, Parsi Pilerood S. The Role of Neural Tissue Engineering in the Repair of Nerve Lesions. Shefaye Khatam. 2020; 8 (3): 80-96. [ DOI:10.29252/shefa.8.3.80] 2. Tamjid, M., Abdolmaleki, A., Mahmoudi, F., & Mirzaee, S. Neuroprotective effects of Fe3O4 nanoparticles coated with omega-3 as a novel drug for recovery of sciatic nerve injury in rats. GCT. 2023; 10(2): 124110-15 [ DOI:10.5812/gct-124110] 3. Asadi, A., Tamjid, M., Pourvaziri, Z., & Abdolmaleki, A. A Review of the Role of Neurotrophic Factors and Herbal Medicines on Peripheral Nerve Regeneration. NGS. 2022; 10(4): 104-112. [ DOI:10.52547/shefa.10.4.104] 4. Tamjid, M., Mahmoudi, F., & Abdolmaleki, A. New Drug Delivery Systems for the Treatment of Neurological Diseases. RGMS. 2022; 28(12): 319-336. 5. Vezzani A, French J, Bartfai T, Baram TZ. The role of inflammation in epilepsy. Nat Rev Neurol. 2011; 7(1): 30-37. [ DOI:10.1038/nrneurol.2010.178] 6. Chen L, Wei Y, Zhao S, Zhang M, Yan X, Gao X, et al. Antitumor and immunomodulatory activities of total flavonoids extract from persimmon leaves in H22 liver tumor-bearing mice. Sci Rep. 2018; 8(1): 10-9. [ DOI:10.1038/s41598-018-28440-8] 7. He N, Wang P, Niu Y, Chen J, Li C, Kang W-y. Evaluation antithrombotic activity and action mechanism of myricitrin. Ind Crops Prod. 2019; 12(9): 536-41. [ DOI:10.1016/j.indcrop.2018.12.036] 8. Ahangarpour A, Oroojan AA, Khorsandi L, Kouchak M, Badavi M. Solid lipid nanoparticles of myricitrin have antioxidant and antidiabetic effects on streptozotocin-nicotinamide-induced diabetic model and myotube cell of male mouse. Oxidative Med Cell Longev. 2018; 20(1): 8-22. [ DOI:10.1155/2018/7496936] 9. Domitrović R, Rashed K, Cvijanović O, Vladimir-Knežević S, Škoda M, Višnić A. Myricitrin exhibits antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antifibrotic activity in carbon tetrاستیل کولینloride-intoxicated mice. Chem Biol Interact. 2015; 23(10): 21-9. [ DOI:10.1016/j.cbi.2015.01.030] 10. Zhang B, Shen Q, Chen Y, Pan R, Kuang S, Liu G, et al. Myricitrin alleviates oxidative stress-induced inflammation and apoptosis and protects mice against diabetic cardiomyopathy. Sci Rep. 2017; 11(7): 44-9. [ DOI:10.1038/srep44239] 11. Lei Y. Myricitrin decreases traumatic injury of the spinal cord and exhibits antioxidant and anti‑inflammatory activities in a rat model via inhibition of COX‑2, TGF‑β1, p53 and elevation of Bcl‑2/Bax signaling pathway. Mol Med Rep. 2017; 16(5): 7699-705. [ DOI:10.3892/mmr.2017.7567] 12. Pöyhönen S, Er S, Domanskyi A, Airavaara M. Effects of neurotrophic factors in glial cells in the central nervous system: expression and properties in neurodegeneration and injury. Front Physiol. 2019; 10(5): 48-6. [ DOI:10.3389/fphys.2019.00486] 13. Patel DC, Wallis G, Dahle EJ, McElroy PB, Thomson KE, Tesi RJ, et al. Hippocampal TNFα signaling contributes to seizure generation in an infection-induced mouse model of limbic epilepsy. Eneuro. 2017; 4(2): 22-9. [ DOI:10.1523/ENEURO.0105-17.2017] 14. Shandra A, Godlevsky L, Vastyanov R, Oleinik A, Konovalenko V, Rapoport E, et al. The role of TNF-α in amygdala kindled rats. Neurosci Res. 2002; 42(2): 147-53. [ DOI:10.1016/S0168-0102(01)00309-1] 15. Guzzo EFM, Lima KR, Vargas CR, Coitinho AS. Effect of dexamethasone on seizures and inflammatory profile induced by Kindling Seizure Model. J Neuroimmunol. 2018; 32(5): 92-8. [ DOI:10.1016/j.jneuroim.2018.10.005] 16. karimi shayan T, Asadi A, Abdolmaleki A. New Drugs and their Mechanism in the Treatment of Epilepsy. Shefaye Khatam. 2022; 10 (2): 104-110. [ DOI:10.61186/shefa.10.2.104] 17. Cassano T, Pace L, Bedse G, Michele Lavecchia A, De Marco F, Gaetani S, et al. Glutamate and mitochondria: two prominent players in the oxidative stress-induced neurodegeneration. Curr Alzheimer Res. 2016; 13(2): 185-97. [ DOI:10.2174/1567205013666151218132725] 18. Arzanipur Y, Abdolmaleki A, Asadi A, Zahri S. Synthesis, Characterization, Evaluation of Supportive Properties, and Neuroprotective Effects of Cerium Oxide Nanoparticles as a Candidate for Neural Tissue Engineering. Shefaye Khatam. 2021; 9 (3): 55-63. [ DOI:10.52547/shefa.9.3.55] 19. Hajali V, Moradi H R, Sahab Negah S. Neurotransmitters Play as a Key Role in Adult Neurogenesis. Shefaye Khatam. 2018; 6 (4): 61-74. [ DOI:10.29252/shefa.6.4.61] 20. Abdolmaleki A, Asadi A, Gurushankar K, Shayan TK, Sarvestani FA. Importance of nano medicine and new drug therapies for cancer. Adv Pharm Bull. 2020; 11(3): 450-7. [ DOI:10.34172/apb.2021.052] 21. Aran S, Zahri S, Asadi A, Khaksar F, Abdolmaleki A. Hair follicle stem cells differentiation into bone cells on collagen scaffold. Cell Tissue Bank. 2020; 21(2): 181-8. [ DOI:10.1007/s10561-020-09812-9] 22. Ghayour M B, Abdolmaleki A, Fereidoni M. Use of Stem Cells in the Regeneration of Peripheral Nerve Injuries: An Overview. Shefaye Khatam. 2015; 3 (1): 84-98. [ DOI:10.18869/acadpub.shefa.3.1.84] |
|
Abdolmaleki A, Tamjid M, Hamidi Bagehjan Z, Goodarzifard G, Zohreh R, Asadi A. Neurotransmitters: Types and Molecular Mechanisms of Secretion. Shefaye Khatam 2024; 12 (2) :114-120 URL: http://shefayekhatam.ir/article-1-2462-en.html
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
