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تأثیر ورزش بر مکانیسم‌های بیوشیمیایی مغز، رفتارهای پرخاشگرانه و افزایش تاب‌آوری :یک مطالعه مروری
فاطمه امیدعلی* ، آزاده نادری
گروه علوم ورزشی، دانشکده علوم انسانی، دانشگاه آیت الله العظمی بروجردی(ره)، بروجرد، ایران ، omidali.fatemeh@yahoo.com
چکیده:   (11 مشاهده)
مقدمه: ورزش، به‌عنوان یک مداخله غیردارویی مؤثر، تأثیرات قابل توجهی بر عملکرد و رفتار مغز دارد. با این حال، درک مکانیسم‌های بیوشیمیایی زیربنایی این اثرات، به ویژه آنهایی که مربوط به پرخاشگری و تاب‌آوری هستند، هنوز نیاز به تحقیقات بیشتر دارد. هدف این بررسی، بررسی جامع تأثیرات ورزش بر مکانیسم‌های بیوشیمیایی مغز، تعدیل رفتارهای پرخاشگرانه و افزایش تاب‌آوری است. مواد و روش‌ها: این بررسی با جستجوی پایگاه‌های داده Scopus ،PubMed و Google Scholar با کلمات کلیدی ورزش، بیوشیمی مغز، پرخاشگری و تاب‌آوری انجام شد. پس از بررسی عنوان و چکیده، 60 مقاله مرتبط برای استخراج داده‌ها انتخاب شدند. یافته‌ها: ورزش از طریق چندین مسیر بیوشیمیایی بر مغز تأثیر می‌گذارد: 1) افزایش سطح سروتونین و دوپامین، که به ترتیب با کاهش پرخاشگری و بهبود انگیزه مرتبط هستند؛ 2) افزایش سطح فاکتور نوروتروفیک مشتق از مغز، که باعث افزایش نوروژنز و انعطاف‌پذیری سیناپسی می‌شود؛ ۳) تعدیل محور هیپوتالاموس-هیپوفیز-آدرنال و کاهش سطح کورتیزول، که پاسخ‌های استرس را تنظیم می‌کند؛ ۴) تعدیل محور هیپوتالاموس-هیپوفیز-گناد و تعدیل سطح تستوسترون. این تغییرات بیوشیمیایی در نهایت منجر به کاهش رفتارهای پرخاشگرانه (به ویژه پرخاشگری واکنشی، خشم و تکانشگری) و افزایش تاب‌آوری روانی و بیولوژیکی می‌شود. اثرات ورزش به عواملی مانند نوع ورزش (هوازی، مقاومتی، ترکیبی)، شدت، مدت زمان، سن، جنسیت و زمینه اجتماعی بستگی دارد. نتیجه‌گیری: ورزش یک استراتژی قدرتمند و در دسترس برای تنظیم احساسات، بهبود عملکرد شناختی و ارتقای تاب‌آوری است. دانش فعلی ما پیامدهای عملی مهمی برای طراحی و اجرای برنامه‌های ورزشی در مدارس، دانشگاه‌ها و مراکز مراقبت‌های بهداشتی دارد. مطالعات طولی با طرح‌های تجربی قوی‌تر و فناوری‌های پیشرفته تصویربرداری مغز و زیست‌شناسی مولکولی برای درک بهتر مکانیسم‌های اساسی و شخصی‌سازی مداخلات ورزشی توصیه می‌شود.
 
واژه‌های کلیدی: پرخاشگری، سروتونین، دوپامین، فاکتور نوروتروفیک مشتق از مغز، هیدروکورتیزون
     
نوع مطالعه: مرور سيستماتيك | موضوع مقاله: نوروفيزيولوژي
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