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Neurochemical Biomarkers in Spinal Cord Injury: A narrative review
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Faezeh Yaghoubi   , Samine Mashayekhi , Horiye Sadat Sabet , Parsa Alijanizade , Kiarash Saleki , Seyed Khalil Pestehei , Maryam Jafarian * |
| a. Brain and Spinal Cord Injury Research Center, Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. b. Shefa Neuroscience Research Center, Khatam Alanbia Hospital, Tehran, Iran. , mjafarian@sina.tums.ac.ir |
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Abstract: (55 Views) |
Introduction: Despite substantial advances in clinical care, spinal cord injuries and their associated persistent complications remain an incurable condition, with devastating physical and psychological consequences for patients and caregivers. Clinical diagnosis of spinal cord injuries is mainly based on the neurological deficits. In recent years, imaging techniques have been used to evaluate acute spinal cord injuries. However, in many centers, advanced imaging techniques are not available, or the patient's unstable condition limits using advance approaches. Since reliable prediction of recovery in the acute phase is crucial for selecting appropriate neuroprotective treatment, there is an urgent need to identify and implement new methods for more accurate prediction and planning to reduce permanent complications. Identifying biomarkers to predict spinal cord injury helps the management of injured patients and supports accurate diagnosis and treatment. Some proteins have been identified as promising biomarkers for central nervous system injury, both in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and blood serum. This review aims to evaluate the diagnostic and prognostic roles of these proteins and neurostructural biomarkers in spinal cord injury. Conclusion: The identification of biochemical biomarkers is becoming increasingly valuable in the management of spinal cord injury. These markers have significant potential to assess the severity of primary injury objectively, predict neurological outcome, and monitor recovery and secondary complications. Studies show that biomarker levels in blood serum and CSF correlate with injury severity as measured by standardized clinical scales and can distinguish between patients with good and poor prognoses. Due to the limited accessibility and invasive nature of CSF sampling, research has increasingly focused on identifying reliable serum-based biomarkers. Furthermore, the distinct temporal dynamics of biomarker expression in the acute phase (reflecting primary injury) versus the chronic phase (influenced by systemic complications) highlight the need to define specific markers appropriate to each stage.
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| Keywords: Prognosis, Neuroinflammatory Diseases, Biological Factors, Biomarkers |
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Type of Study: Review --- Open Access, CC-BY-NC |
Subject:
Neurophysiology
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