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A Review of the Protective Effects of Garlic and its Bioactive Compounds on Neurodegenerative Disorders
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Fereshteh Ahmadian Shalchi   , Mahdi Pakdel samadi , Mohammad Arian Ahmadian Shalchi , Ayda Seyed noormand hiagh , Issa Layali * |
| Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Tehran Medical Sciences Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran , Drissalayali@gmail.com |
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Abstract: (6 Views) |
Introduction: Neuroinflammation arises from factors such as activation of glial cells, excessive release of chemokines and cytokines, and the accumulation of blood cells in the brain, occurring in both acute and chronic stages. Oxidative stress is linked to various neurodegenerative diseases and their pathophysiology, including Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and it alters the inflammatory response. These two phenomena (oxidative stress and inflammatory response) are interconnected and influence each other. Neurodegenerative diseases comprise a group of disorders characterized by the progressive degeneration and eventual loss of neurons in various brain regions, including the hippocampus, neocortex, substantia nigra, and striatum. The complex pathophysiology of these disorders is influenced by the interaction of multiple mechanisms, including oxidative stress, chronic neuroinflammation, mitochondrial dysfunction, protein misfolding, and excitotoxicity. In this context, natural sources with high antioxidant and anti-inflammatory capacity have gained particular attention. Garlic (Allium sativum L.) is a widely recognized medicinal plant whose rich array of bioactive substances, particularly allicin and S-allylcysteine, has attracted substantial interest for its potential role in the prevention and treatment of numerous diseases, including neurodegenerative disorders. A large portion of the plant’s properties is attributed to a diverse set of bioactive compounds that act synergistically through interactions with each other. Garlic preparations, including black garlic, garlic essential oil, and especially aged garlic extract, are rich in bioactive molecules with anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and neuroprotective features. These properties have made garlic and its derivatives a focus of researchers in neurodegenerative diseases. Conclusion: The chemical composition and metabolic pathways of garlic, as well as the signaling mechanisms mediated by its key derivatives in neurodegenerative diseases, suggest their potential neuroprotective and therapeutic relevance and warrant further investigation.
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| Keywords: Neurodegenerative Diseases, Oxidative Stress, Neuroprotection, Neuroglia, Inflammation Mediators
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Type of Study: Review --- Open Access, CC-BY-NC |
Subject:
Basic research in Neuroscience
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