Introduction: Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are regulatory molecules that set many vital processes in the cell. These regulatory RNAs, as an important component of the regulatory networks of genes and the expression of key genes involved in setting development, play an important role in neurological diseases of the central nervous system (CNS). The purpose of this study was to evaluate the regulatory functions of lncRNAs in the evolution of the CNS and an overview of their roles in the biology of neuropsychiatric diseases. More than half of all lncRNAs expressed in CNS cells and their regulated expression in the evolution and function of the nervous system are important. lncRNAs are involved in the development of different parts of the brain, specificity and differentiation of oligodendrocytes category, and terminal myelination. In addition, they have a role in regulation of vital functions, such as maintaining neural stem cells, neurogenesis and glyogenesis, homeostasis, and synaptic connections. lncRNAs are associated with the biological processes in the brain, such as the development of the hippocampus and aging. Conclusion: This review has shown that how lncRNA regulate vital processes in neurons in order to have a better understanding on the mechanisms of neurological diseases by RNA interference. Understanding the role of the regulatory RNAs interference and its impact on the biology of CNS can helpful in the field of prognosis, prediction of response to treatment, and pathological staging. Furthermore, it can be inhibited or controlled as novel therapeutic targets.