1. Loomes R, Hull L, Mandy WPL. What is the male-to-female ratio in autism spectrum disorder? A systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry. 2017; 56(6): 466-74. [DOI:10.1016/j.jaac.2017.03.013]

2. Baron-Cohen S. The extreme male brain theory of autism. Trends in Cognitive Sciences. 2002; 6(6): 248-54. [DOI:10.1016/S1364-6613(02)01904-6]

3. Baron-Cohen S. Empathizing and systemizing in males, females and autism: A test of the neural competition theory. Decety J, editor. Empathy and related concepts in health. Oxford: Oxford University Press. 2011; p. 3-17.

4. Baron-Cohen S, Wheelwright S. The empathy quotient: An investigation of adults with Asperger syndrome or high functioning autism, and normal sex differences. Baron-Cohen S, Tager-Flusberg H, Cohen DJ, editors. Understanding other minds: Perspectives from developmental cognitive neuroscience. 2nd ed. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 2004; p. 583-606. [DOI:10.1023/B:JADD.0000022607.19833.00]

5. Auyeung B, Baron-Cohen S, Ashwin E, Knickmeyer R, Taylor K, Hackett G. Fetal testosterone and autistic traits. British Journal of Psychology. 2009; 100: 1-22. [DOI:10.1348/000712608X311731]

6. Shalev I, Warrier V, Greenberg DM, Smith P, Allison C, Baron-Cohen S, et al. Reexamining empathy in autism: Empathic disequilibrium as a novel predictor of autism diagnosis and autistic traits. Autism Research. 2022; 15(10): 1917-28. [DOI:10.1002/aur.2794]

7. Hull L, Mandy W, Lai MC, Baron-Cohen S, Allison C, Smith P, et al. Development and validation of the Camouflaging Autistic Traits Questionnaire (CAT-Q). Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders. 2019; 49(3): 819-33. [DOI:10.1007/s10803-018-3792-6]

8. Tubío-Fungueiriño M, Cruz S, Sampaio A, Carracedo A, Fernández-Prieto M. Social camouflaging in females with autism spectrum disorder: A systematic review. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders. 2021; 51(7): 2190-99. [DOI:10.1007/s10803-020-04695-x]

9. Curd J, Nguyễn TST. "I was always on the outside, watching quietly": Autistic women reflect on school experiences. Humanities and Social Sciences Communications. 2024; 11: 1148. [DOI:10.1057/s41599-024-03632-y]

10. Dell'Osso L, Cremone IM, Carpita B, Fagiolini A, Massimetti G, Muti D, et al. Autism spectrum in borderline personality disorder. CNS Spectrums. 2021; 26(2): 132-43.

11. Ventola P, Kleinman J, Pandey J, Barton M, Allen S, Green J, et al. Agreement among three diagnostic instruments for autism spectrum disorders in toddlers. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders. 2006; 36(7): 839-47. [DOI:10.1007/s10803-006-0128-8]

12. Tsirgiotis JM, Young RL, Weber N. Sex/gender differences in CARS2 and GARS-3 item scores: evidence of phenotypic differences between males and females with ASD. J Autism Dev Disord. 2022; 52(9): 3958-3976. [DOI:10.1007/s10803-021-05286-0]

13. Rea HM, Øien RA, Shic F, Webb SJ, Ratto AB. Sex differences on the ADOS-2: Item-level analysis of diagnostic sensitivity. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders. 2023; 53(7): 2878-90. [DOI:10.1007/s10803-022-05566-3]

14. Tierney S, Burns J, Kilbey E. Looking behind the mask: Social coping strategies of girls on the autistic spectrum. Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders. 2016; 23: 73-83. [DOI:10.1016/j.rasd.2015.11.013]

15. Lai MC, Lombardo MV, Auyeung B, Chakrabarti B, Baron-Cohen S. Sex/gender differences and autism: Setting the scene for future research. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry. 2015; 54(1): 11-24. [DOI:10.1016/j.jaac.2014.10.003]

16. Hull L, Lai MC, Baron-Cohen S, Allison C, Smith P, Petrides KV, et al. Gender differences in self-reported camouflaging in autistic and non-autistic adults. Autism. 2020; 24(2): 351-63. [DOI:10.1177/1362361319864804]

17. Dean M, Harwood R, Kasari C. The art of camouflage: Gender differences in the social behaviors of girls and boys with autism spectrum disorder. Autism. 2017; 21(6): 678-89. [DOI:10.1177/1362361316671845]

18. Lockwood Estrin G, Milner V, Spain D, Happé F, Colvert E. Barriers to autism spectrum disorder diagnosis for young women and girls: A systematic review. Review Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders. 2021; 8: 454-70. [DOI:10.1007/s40489-020-00225-8]

19. Sedgewick F, Hill V, Pellicano E. Girls and autism: Differences in social play behaviours. Autism. 2019; 23(4): 954-65. [DOI:10.1177/1362361318794930]

20. Livingston LA, Happé F. Conceptualising compensation in neurodevelopmental disorders: Reflections from autism spectrum disorder. Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews. 2017; 80: 729-42. [DOI:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2017.06.005]

21. Frazier TW, Youngstrom EA, Sinclair L, Kubu C, Law P, Rezai A, et al. Gender differences in the factor structure of the Social Responsiveness Scale. Autism. 2014; 18(4): 342-53.

22. Parrish-Morris J, Mahajan N, Kissel S, Pandey J, Constantino JN, Schultz RT, et al. Measurement invariance of the Autism Impact Measure across sex. Autism Research. 2022; 15: 1834-46.

23. Hoekstra RA, Vinkhuyzen AAE, Wheelwright S, Bartels M, Boomsma DI, Baron-Cohen S, et al. The construction and validation of short forms of the Autism Spectrum Quotient (AQ). Personality and Individual Differences. 2011; 51(3): 234-38. [DOI:10.1037/t29402-000]

24. Murray AL, Booth T, McKenzie K, Kuenssberg R. Do the Autism Spectrum Quotient (AQ) and the Autism Spectrum Quotient-Short Form (AQ-S) measure the same construct? Personality and Individual Differences. 2014; 56: 46-51. [DOI:10.1016/j.paid.2013.07.232]

25. Ritvo RA, Ritvo ER, Guthrie D, Ritvo MJ, Hufnagel DH, McMahon W, et al. The Ritvo Autism Asperger Diagnostic Scale-Revised (RAADS-R): A scale to assist the diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder in adults. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders. 2011; 41: 1076-89. [DOI:10.1007/s10803-010-1133-5]

26. Eriksson JM, Andersen LM, Bejerot S. RAADS-14 Screen: A brief screening tool for autism spectrum disorder in adults. Psychiatry Research. 2013; 210(2): 439-45. [DOI:10.1186/2040-2392-4-49]

27. Gorji R, Hassanzadeh S, Ghasemzadeh S, Qolamali Lavasani M. Sensitivity and specificity Gilliam Autism Rating Scale (GARS) in diagnosis autism spectrum disorders: systematic review. The Neuroscience Journal of Shefaye Khatam. 2020; 8(4): 80-89. [DOI:10.29252/shefa.8.4.80]

28. Akbari Bayatiani Z. Autism spectrum disorder from diagnosis to treatment. The Neuroscience Journal of Shefaye Khatam. 2018; 6(4): 93-101. [DOI:10.29252/shefa.6.4.93]

29. Saeedi C. Investigation of dysfunction in the neural systems underlying social perception, action observation and theory of mind in autism spectrum disorders. The Neuroscience Journal of Shefaye Khatam. 2018; 6(2): 82-93. [DOI:10.29252/shefa.6.2.82]

30. Seyed Fakhari N, Ghaderi F. Analyzing behavioral markers of autistic children using eye tracking data. The Neuroscience Journal of Shefaye Khatam. 2019; 7(4): 79-88. [DOI:10.29252/shefa.7.4.79]

31. Mahmodi H, Ebrahimi B, Sabaghi A. The relationship between the persistence of early reflections and the severity of hyperactivity and autism in children. The Neuroscience Journal of Shefaye Khatam. 2022; 10(2): 82-90. [DOI:10.61186/shefa.10.2.82]

32. Minaei A, Nazeri S. Psychometric properties of the Gilliam Autism Rating Scale-Third Edition (GARS-3) in individuals with autism: A pilot study. Journal of Exceptional Children. 2018; 18(2): 113-22.

33. Samadi SA, Mahmoodizadeh A, Foladgar M, Bakhshalizadeh Moradi S, Lotfi B, McConkey R. The Childhood Autism Rating Scale Second Edition (CARS2) and its applicability in an Iranian sample. Autism Research. 2025; 18(3): 541-52. [DOI:10.1002/aur.3309]

34. Randall M, Egberts KJ, Samtani A, Scholten RJPM, Hooft L, Livingstone N, et al. Diagnostic tests for autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in preschool children. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 2018; 2018(7): CD009044. [DOI:10.1002/14651858.CD009044.pub2]

35. Hsieh HF, Shannon SE. Three approaches to qualitative content analysis. Qualitative Health Research. 2005; 15(9): 1277-88. [DOI:10.1177/1049732305276687]

36. Assarroudi A, Heshmati Nabavi F, Armat MR, Ebadi A, Vaismoradi M. Directed qualitative content analysis: The description and elaboration of its underpinning methods and data analysis process. Journal of Research in Nursing. 2018; 23(1): 42-55. [DOI:10.1177/1744987117741667]

37. Gilliam JE. Gilliam Autism Rating Scale-Third Edition (GARS-3) Manual. Austin: Pro-Ed Publishing. 2014.

38. Lord C, Rutter M, DiLavore PC, Risi S, Gotham K, Bishop S. Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule, Second Edition (ADOS-2) Manual. Torrance: Western Psychological Services. 2012.

39. Schopler E, Van Bourgondien ME, Wellman GJ, Love SR. Childhood Autism Rating Scale-Second Edition (CARS-2) Manual. Torrance: Western Psychological Services. 2010.

40. Bargiela S, Steward R, Happé F. The experiences of late-diagnosed women with autism spectrum conditions: An investigation of the female autism phenotype. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders. 2016; 46(10): 3281-94. [DOI:10.1007/s10803-016-2872-8]